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The Historical Roots of Elementary Mathematics by Lucas N. H. Bunt,Phillip S. Jones,Jack D. Bedient Pdf
Exciting, hands-on approach to understanding fundamental underpinnings of modern arithmetic, algebra, geometry and number systems examines their origins in early Egyptian, Babylonian, and Greek sources.
A History of Elementary Mathematics by Florian Cajori Pdf
The historical proof of the development of mathematics as a firm and progressive science, rather than as a changing mental plaything or business calculating machine, is suggested at once in the table of contents. This short and philosophical summary furnishes to the teacher of mathematics, or to the general reader of history, the material from antiquity to modern times which enables him to place the subject where it belongs--among the old and reliable and constantly developing sciences. At practically every point which is taken up, quite full and satisfactory references are given, so that authorities on past and present historical material are placed before the reader. Those who are familiar with Professor Cajori's History of Mathematics, dated December 1893, will recognize with pleasure the reappearance of many of the well-preserved mathematical antiques which he then used to exhibit clearly and forcibly the contributions of the science during the ages. The authorship and the construction of many of these antiques are again shown to be insolvable problems, but the discussion of the possible originators forms an interesting and valuable part of the new book.Among racial contributions the book presents with great appreciation the work of the Hindus and the Arabs, and mentions the recently discovered numeral records of the Mayas of Central America as an early attempt on the part of American races to develop mathematics; but discussion of the possibility of more important discoveries and contributions by the Japanese and Chinese than have so far been credited to them is omitted. The index includes a fairly large number of names of early mathematicians and present-day writers, but those who desire to look up such a connection as that between logic and mathematics find no assistance in the index, though the subject is discussed on p. 289; and there is also no reference to the treatment on p. 300 of the introduction of graphic methods. All these items are of interest to the teacher of the present day and should be included in the index. One wishes also that the question that is quoted so often and in so many kinds of writing as a mathematical problem of the middle ages, "How many angels can stand on the point of a needle? ", had been traced to its source, in order to save the time of teachers and students in history, philosophy, literature or mathematics, who are anxious to know its origin.
A History of Elementary Mathematics With Hints on Methods of Teaching by Florian Cajori Pdf
Excerpt from A History of Elementary Mathematics With Hints on Methods of Teaching "The education of the child must accord both in mode and arrangement with the education of mankind as considered historically; or, in other words, the genesis of knowledge in the individual must follow the same course as the genesis of knowledge in the race. To M. Comte we believe society owes the enunciation of this doctrine - a doctrine which we may accept without committing ourselves to his theory of the genesis of knowledge, either in its causes or its order." If this principle, held also by Pestalozzi and Froebel, be correct, then it would seem as if the knowledge of the history of a science must be an effectual aid in teaching that science. Be this doctrine true or false, certainly the experience of many instructors establishes the importance of mathematical history in teaching. With the hope of being of some assistance to my fellow-teachers, I have prepared this book and have interlined my narrative with occasional remarks and suggestions on methods of teaching. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
A History of Elementary Mathematics with Hints on Methods of Teaching (1917) by Florian Cajori Pdf
This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the original. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions that are true to the original work.
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
A History of Elementary Mathematics by Florian Cajori Pdf
Excerpt from A History of Elementary Mathematics: With Hints on Methods of Teaching In the preparation of this history, I have made extensive use of the works of Cantor, Hankel, Unger, De Morgan, Pea cock, Gow, Allman, Loria, and of other prominent writers On the history of mathematics. Original sources have been consulted, whenever opportunity has presented itself. It gives me much pleasure to acknowledge the assistance ren dered by the United States Bureau of Education, in. For warding for examination a number of old text-books which otherwise would have been inaccessible to me. It should also be said that a large number of passages in this book are taken, with only slight alteration, from my History of Mathematics, Macmillan co., 1895. Some parts of the present work are, therefore, not independent of the earlier one. It has been my privilege to have my manuscript read by two scholars of well-known ability, - Dr. G. B. Halsted of the University of Texas, and Professor F. H. Loud of Colorado College. Through their suggestions and corrections many infelicities in language and several inaccuracies of statement have disappeared. Valuable assistance in proof-reading has been rendered by Professor Loud, by Mr. P. E. Doudna, formerly Fellow in Mathematics at the University of Wis consin, and by Mr. F. K. Bailey, a student in Colorado College. I extend to them my sincere thanks. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
A History of Elementary Mathematics, with Hints on Methods of Teaching - Scholar's Choice Edition by Florian Cajori Pdf
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
The Historical Background of Chemistry by Henry Marshall Leicester Pdf
Professor Leicester traces the development of chemistry through the thoughts and ideas of practitioners and theorists, from Aristotle and Plato to Curie and 20th-century nuclear scientists. Throughout, the relationship of chemical advances to a broader world history is recognized and stressed. 15 figures. Name and subject indexes. 1956 edition.
A Concise History of Mathematics by Dirk J. Struik Pdf
This compact, well-written history — first published in 1948, and now in its fourth revised edition — describes the main trends in the development of all fields of mathematics from the first available records to the middle of the 20th century. Students, researchers, historians, specialists — in short, everyone with an interest in mathematics — will find it engrossing and stimulating. Beginning with the ancient Near East, the author traces the ideas and techniques developed in Egypt, Babylonia, China, and Arabia, looking into such manuscripts as the Egyptian Papyrus Rhind, the Ten Classics of China, and the Siddhantas of India. He considers Greek and Roman developments from their beginnings in Ionian rationalism to the fall of Constantinople; covers medieval European ideas and Renaissance trends; analyzes 17th- and 18th-century contributions; and offers an illuminating exposition of 19th century concepts. Every important figure in mathematical history is dealt with — Euclid, Archimedes, Diophantus, Omar Khayyam, Boethius, Fermat, Pascal, Newton, Leibniz, Fourier, Gauss, Riemann, Cantor, and many others. For this latest edition, Dr. Struik has both revised and updated the existing text, and also added a new chapter on the mathematics of the first half of the 20th century. Concise coverage is given to set theory, the influence of relativity and quantum theory, tensor calculus, the Lebesgue integral, the calculus of variations, and other important ideas and concepts. The book concludes with the beginnings of the computer era and the seminal work of von Neumann, Turing, Wiener, and others. "The author's ability as a first-class historian as well as an able mathematician has enabled him to produce a work which is unquestionably one of the best." — Nature Magazine.
A Concise History of Mathematics by Dirk Jan Struik Pdf
This compact, well-written history covers major mathematical ideas and techniques from the ancient Near East to 20th-century computer theory, surveying the works of Archimedes, Pascal, Gauss, Hilbert, and many others. "The author's ability as a first-class historian as well as an able mathematician has enabled him to produce a work which is unquestionably one of the best." — Nature.
