The Histories Of Hivs

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The Histories of HIVs

William H. Schneider
The Histories of HIVs Book PDF

Author : William H. Schneider
Publisher : Ohio University Press
Page : 303 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2021-08-17
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780821447444

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The Histories of HIVs by William H. Schneider Pdf

This new collection of essays on HIV viruses spans disciplines to topple popular narratives about the origins of the AIDS pandemic and the impact of the disease on public health policy. With a death toll in the tens of millions, the AIDS pandemic was one of the worst medical disasters of the past century. The disease was identified in 1981, at the height of miraculous postwar medical achievements, including effective antibiotics, breakthrough advances in heart surgery and transplantations, and cheap, safe vaccines—smallpox had been eradicated just a few years earlier. Arriving as they did during this era of confidence in modern medicine, the HIV epidemics shook the public’s faith in health science. Despite subsequent success in identifying, testing, and treating AIDS, the emergence of epidemics and outbreaks of Ebola, Zika, and the novel coronaviruses (SARS and COVID-19) are stark reminders that such confidence in modern medicine is not likely to be restored until the emergence of these viruses is better understood. This collection combines the work of major social science and humanities scholars with that of virologists and epidemiologists to provide a broader understanding of the historical, social, and cultural circumstances that produced the pandemic. The authors argue that the emergence of the HIV viruses and their epidemic spread were not the result of a random mutation but rather broader new influences whose impact depended upon a combination of specific circumstances at different places and times. The viruses emerged and were transmitted according to population movement and urbanization, changes in sexual relations, new medical procedures, and war. In this way, the AIDS pandemic was not a chance natural occurrence, but a human-made disaster. Essays by: Ernest M. Drucker, Tamara Giles-Vernick, Ch. Didier Gondola, Guillaume Lachenal, Amandine Lauro, Preston A. Marx, Stephanie Rupp, François Simon, Jorge Varanda

HIV and the Blood Supply

Institute of Medicine,Committee to Study HIV Transmission Through Blood and Blood Products
HIV and the Blood Supply Book PDF

Author : Institute of Medicine,Committee to Study HIV Transmission Through Blood and Blood Products
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 349 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 1995-10-05
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309053297

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HIV and the Blood Supply by Institute of Medicine,Committee to Study HIV Transmission Through Blood and Blood Products Pdf

During the early years of the AIDS epidemic, thousands of Americans became infected with HIV through the nation's blood supply. Because little reliable information existed at the time AIDS first began showing up in hemophiliacs and in others who had received transfusions, experts disagreed about whether blood and blood products could transmit the disease. During this period of great uncertainty, decision-making regarding the blood supply became increasingly difficult and fraught with risk. This volume provides a balanced inquiry into the blood safety controversy, which involves private sexual practices, personal tragedy for the victims of HIV/AIDS, and public confidence in America's blood services system. The book focuses on critical decisions as information about the danger to the blood supply emerged. The committee draws conclusions about what was doneâ€"and recommends what should be done to produce better outcomes in the face of future threats to blood safety. The committee frames its analysis around four critical area: Product treatmentâ€"Could effective methods for inactivating HIV in blood have been introduced sooner? Donor screening and referralâ€"including a review of screening to exlude high-risk individuals. Regulations and recall of contaminated bloodâ€"analyzing decisions by federal agencies and the private sector. Risk communicationâ€"examining whether infections could have been averted by better communication of the risks.

The Origins of AIDS

Jacques Pépin
The Origins of AIDS Book PDF

Author : Jacques Pépin
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 395 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2021-01-21
Category : History
ISBN : 9781108487498

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The Origins of AIDS by Jacques Pépin Pdf

An updated edition of Jacques Pépin's acclaimed account of the events that transformed a chimpanzee virus into a global pandemic.

A Visual History of HIV/AIDS

Elisabet Björklund,Mariah Larsson
A Visual History of HIV AIDS Book PDF

Author : Elisabet Björklund,Mariah Larsson
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 234 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2018-07-04
Category : Performing Arts
ISBN : 9781351383035

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A Visual History of HIV/AIDS by Elisabet Björklund,Mariah Larsson Pdf

The Face of AIDS film archive at Karolinska Institutet, Sweden, consists of more than 700 hours of unedited and edited footage, shot over a period of more than thirty years and all over the world by filmmaker and journalist Staffan Hildebrand. The material documents the HIV/AIDS pandemic and includes scenes from conferences and rallies, and interviews with activists, physicians, people with the infection, and researchers. It represents a global historical development from the early years of the AIDS crisis to a situation in which it is possible to live a normal life with the HIV virus. This volume brings together a range of academic perspectives – from media and film studies, medical history, gender studies, history, and cultural studies – to bear on the archive, shedding light on memories, discourses, trauma, and activism. Using a medical humanities framework, the editors explore the influence of historical representations of HIV/AIDS and stigma in a world where antiretroviral treatment has fundamentally altered the conditions under which many people diagnosed with HIV live. Organized into four sections, this book begins by introducing the archive and its role, setting it in a global context. The first part looks at methodological, legal and ethical issues around archiving memories of the present which are then used to construct histories of the past; something that can be particularly controversial when dealing with a socially stigmatized epidemic such as HIV/AIDS. The second section is devoted to analyses of particular films from the archive, looking at the portrayal of people living with HIV/AIDS, the narrative of HIV as a chronic illness and the contemporary context of particular films. The third section looks at how stigma and trauma are negotiated in the material in the Face of AIDS film archive, discussing ideas about suffering and culpability. The final section contributes perspectives on and by the filmmaker as activist and auteur. This interdisciplinary collection is placed at the intersection of medical humanities, sexuality studies and film and media studies, continuing a tradition of studies on the cultural and social understandings of HIV/AIDS.

A History of Haematology

Shaun R. McCann
A History of Haematology Book PDF

Author : Shaun R. McCann
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 247 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780198717607

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A History of Haematology by Shaun R. McCann Pdf

Blood has long been an object of intrigue for many of the world's philosophers and physicians, and references to it have existed since the earliest studies of human anatomy. Herodotus of Halicarnassus, whose writings 500 years before the birth of Christ drew on stories collected during his widespread travels, was amongst the first to identify the ritualistic and medical significance of blood. However, despite this long established history, haematology as a medical specialty is relatively new. A History of Haematology: From Herodotus to HIV traces the history of haematology from biblical times to the present, discussing the major defining discoveries in the specialty, ranging from war as a catalyst for the development of new techniques in blood transfusion, to the medical response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. In this beautifully illustrated and passionately rendered history of the field of haematology, Professor Shaun McCann traces the remarkable developments within haematology and the work of the scientists and pioneers central to these advances. This engaging and authoritative history will appeal to a wide audience including haematologists, nurses and other health care workers in haematology, as well as medical students, and general physicians with an interest in haematology.

Tinderbox

Craig Timberg,Daniel Halperin
Tinderbox Book PDF

Author : Craig Timberg,Daniel Halperin
Publisher : Penguin
Page : 539 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2012-03-01
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 9781101560617

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Tinderbox by Craig Timberg,Daniel Halperin Pdf

In this groundbreaking narrative, longtime Washington Post reporter Craig Timberg and award-winning AIDS researcher Daniel Halperin tell the surprising story of how Western colonial powers unwittingly sparked the AIDS epidemic and then fanned its rise. Drawing on remarkable new science, Tinderbox overturns the conventional wisdom on the origins of this deadly pandemic and the best ways to fight it today. Recent genetic studies have traced the birth of HIV to the forbidding equatorial forests of Cameroon, where chimpanzees carried the virus for millennia without causing a major outbreak in humans. During the Scramble for Africa, colonial companies blazed new routes through the jungle in search of rubber and other riches, sending African porters into remote regions rarely traveled before. It was here that humans first contracted the strain of HIV that would eventually cause 99 percent of AIDS deaths around the world. Western powers were key actors in turning a localized outbreak into a sprawling epidemic as bustling new trade routes, modern colonial cities, and the rise of prostitution sped the virus across Africa. Christian missionaries campaigned to suppress polygamy, but left in its place fractured sexual cultures that proved uncommonly vulnerable to HIV. Equally devastating was the gradual loss of the African ritual of male circumcision, which recent studies have shown offers significant protection against infection. Timberg and Halperin argue that the same Western hubris that marked the colonial era has hamstrung the effort to fight HIV. From the United Nations AIDS program to the Bush administration's historic relief campaign, global health officials have favored well-meaning Western approaches--abstinence campaigns, condom promotion, HIV testing--that have proven ineffective in slowing the epidemic in Africa. Meanwhile they have overlooked homegrown African initiatives aimed squarely at the behaviors spreading the virus. In a riveting narrative that stretches from colonial Leopoldville to 1980s San Francisco to South Africa today, Tinderbox reveals how human hands unleashed this epidemic and can now overcome it, if only we learn the lessons of the past.

AIDS at 30

Victoria A. Harden,Anthony Fauci, MD
AIDS at 30 Book PDF

Author : Victoria A. Harden,Anthony Fauci, MD
Publisher : Potomac Books, Inc.
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2012-01-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9781597972949

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AIDS at 30 by Victoria A. Harden,Anthony Fauci, MD Pdf

Society was not prepared in 1981 for the appearance of a new infectious disease, but we have since learned that emerging and reemerging diseases will continue to challenge humanity. AIDS at 30 is the first history of HIV/AIDS written for a general audience that emphasizes the medical response to the epidemic. Award-winning medical historian Victoria A. Harden approaches the AIDS virus from philosophical and intellectual perspectives in the history of medical science, discussing the process of scientific discovery, scientific evidence, and how laboratories found the cause of AIDS and developed therapeutic interventions. Similarly, her book places AIDS as the first infectious disease to be recognized simultaneously worldwide as a single phenomenon. After years of believing that vaccines and antibiotics would keep deadly epidemics away, researchers, doctors, patients, and the public were forced to abandon the arrogant assumption that they had conquered infectious diseases. By presenting an accessible discussion of the history of HIV/AIDS and analyzing how aspects of society advanced or hindered the response to the disease, AIDS at 30 illustrates for both medical professionals and general readers how medicine identifies and evaluates new infectious diseases quickly and what political and cultural factors limit the medical community’s response.

The African AIDS Epidemic

John Iliffe
The African AIDS Epidemic Book PDF

Author : John Iliffe
Publisher : James Currey
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Literary Collections
ISBN : UOM:39015063309069

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The African AIDS Epidemic by John Iliffe Pdf

In this book John Iliffe charts the emergence and spread of AIDS throughout Africa and explores both its causes and international responses to the ongoing epidemic.

The Chimp and the River

David Quammen
The Chimp and the River Book PDF

Author : David Quammen
Publisher : Random House
Page : 178 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2015-05-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781473523951

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The Chimp and the River by David Quammen Pdf

The real story of AIDS - how it originated with a virus in a chimpanzee, jumped to one human and infected more than 60 million people - is very different from what most of us think we know. Recent research has revealed dark surprises and yielded a radically new scenario of how AIDS began and spread. Excerpted and adapted from Spillover, with a new introduction by the author, Quammen's hair-raising investigation tracks the virus from chimp population s in the jungles off the southeastern Cameroon to laboratories across the globe, as he unravels the mysteries of when, where and how such a consequential 'spillover' can happen. An audacious search for answers amid more than a century of data, The Chimp and the River tells the haunting tale of one of the most devastating pandemics of our time.

To Make the Wounded Whole

Dan Royles
To Make the Wounded Whole Book PDF

Author : Dan Royles
Publisher : UNC Press Books
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2020-07-21
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781469659510

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To Make the Wounded Whole by Dan Royles Pdf

In the decades since it was identified in 1981, HIV/AIDS has devastated African American communities. Members of those communities mobilized to fight the epidemic and its consequences from the beginning of the AIDS activist movement. They struggled not only to overcome the stigma and denial surrounding a "white gay disease" in Black America, but also to bring resources to struggling communities that were often dismissed as too "hard to reach." To Make the Wounded Whole offers the first history of African American AIDS activism in all of its depth and breadth. Dan Royles introduces a diverse constellation of activists, including medical professionals, Black gay intellectuals, church pastors, Nation of Islam leaders, recovering drug users, and Black feminists who pursued a wide array of grassroots approaches to slow the epidemic's spread and address its impacts. Through interlinked stories from Philadelphia and Atlanta to South Africa and back again, Royles documents the diverse, creative, and global work of African American activists in the decades-long battle against HIV/AIDS.

When Dogs Heal

Jesse Freidin,Christina Garofalo,Robert Garofalo,Zach Stafford
When Dogs Heal Book PDF

Author : Jesse Freidin,Christina Garofalo,Robert Garofalo,Zach Stafford
Publisher : Millbrook Press
Page : 223 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2021-03-02
Category : Young Adult Nonfiction
ISBN : 9781728414645

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When Dogs Heal by Jesse Freidin,Christina Garofalo,Robert Garofalo,Zach Stafford Pdf

The best medicine may not always be found at a pharmacy or in a doctor’s office. Sometimes it comes in the form of a four-legged friend. Three well-known leaders in their fields—award-winning dog photographer Jesse Freidin, adolescent HIV+ specialist Dr. Robert Garofalo, and LGBTQ advocate and journalist Zach Stafford—offer a refreshing, beautiful, and unique portrait of HIV infused with a deep message of hope. Each extraordinary profile shows the power of the incredible bonds between humans and their canine companions, whether that means combating loneliness and stigma, discovering the importance of unconditional love, overcoming addiction, or simply having a best friend in a time of need. When Dogs Heal shares the stories of a diverse set of people who are thriving and celebrating life thanks to the compassion and unconditional love of their dogs. A portion of the proceeds from this book benefits Fred Says, an organization dedicated to financially supporting HIV+ teen health care.

AIDS and Contemporary History

Virginia Berridge,Philip Strong
AIDS and Contemporary History Book PDF

Author : Virginia Berridge,Philip Strong
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 302 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2002-08-22
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 0521521149

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AIDS and Contemporary History by Virginia Berridge,Philip Strong Pdf

A collection of essays on the 'pre-history' of the impact of AIDS, and its subsequent history.

HIV/AIDS, Illness, and African Well-being

Toyin Falola,Matthew M. Heaton
HIV AIDS Illness and African Well being Book PDF

Author : Toyin Falola,Matthew M. Heaton
Publisher : University Rochester Press
Page : 440 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Literary Collections
ISBN : 1580462405

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HIV/AIDS, Illness, and African Well-being by Toyin Falola,Matthew M. Heaton Pdf

A comprehensive view of health issues currently plaguing Africa, with an emphasis on the HIV/AIDS pandemic. HIV/AIDS, Illness and African Well-Being highlights the specific health problems facing Africa today, most particularly the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Taking a multi-disciplinary approach, the book presents not only various healthcrises, but also the larger historical and contemporary contexts within which they must be understood and managed. Chapters offering analysis of specific illness case studies, and the effects of globalization and underdevelopmenton health, provide an overarching context in which HIV/AIDS and other health-related concerns can be understood. The contributions on the HIV/AIDS pandemic grapple with the complications of national and international policies, thesociological effects of the pandemic, and policy options for the future. HIV/AIDS, Illness and African Well-Being thus provides a comprehensive view of health issues currently plaguing the continent and the many differentways that scholars are interpreting the health outlook in Africa. Contributors: Obijiofor Aginam, Yacouba Banhoro, Richard Beilock, Charity Chenga, Mandi Chikombero, Kaley Creswell, Freek Cronjé, Frank N. F. Dadzie, Gabriel B. Fosu, Stephen Obeng-Manu Gyimah, Kathryn H. Jacobsen, W. Bediako Lamousé-Smith, William N. Mkanta, Gerald M. Mumma, Kalala Ngalamulume, Raphael Chijioke Njoku, Cecilia S. Obeng, Iruka N. Okeke, Akpen Philip, Baffour K. Takyi, Melissa K. Van Dyke, Sophie Wertheimer, Ellen A. S. Whitney Toyin Falola is the Jacob and Frances Sanger Mossiker Chair in the Humanities and University Distinguished Teaching Professor at the University of Texas atAustin. Matthew M. Heaton is a PhD candidate at the University of Texas at Austin.

Taking Turns

MK Czerwiec
Taking Turns Book PDF

Author : MK Czerwiec
Publisher : Penn State Press
Page : 233 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2021-10-26
Category : Comics & Graphic Novels
ISBN : 9781637790182

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Taking Turns by MK Czerwiec Pdf

Fear of contagion, isolated patients, a surge of overwhelming and unpreventable deaths, and the frontline healthcare workers who shouldered the responsibility of seeing us through a deadly epidemic: as we continue to confront the global pandemic caused by COVID-19, Taking Turns reminds us that we’ve been through this before. Only a few decades ago, the world faced another terrifying and deadly health crisis: HIV/AIDS. Nurse MK Czerwiec began working at the Illinois Masonic Medical Center’s HIV/AIDS Care Unit 371 in the 1990s—a pivotal time in the history of AIDS. Deaths from the disease in the United States peaked in 1995 and then dropped drastically in the following years, with the release of effective drug treatments. In this graphic memoir, Czerwiec provides an insider’s view of the lives of healthcare workers, patients, and loved ones from Unit 371. With humor, insight, and emotion, MK shows how the patients and staff cared for one another, how the sick faced their deaths, and how the survivors looked for hope in what seemed, at times, like a hopeless situation. Drawn in a restrained, inviting style, Taking Turns is an open, honest look at suffering, grief, and resilience among a community of medical professionals and patients at the heart of the AIDS epidemic.

HIV/AIDS: A Very Short Introduction

Alan Whiteside OBE
HIV AIDS A Very Short Introduction Book PDF

Author : Alan Whiteside OBE
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 174 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2008-01-24
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780191578182

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HIV/AIDS: A Very Short Introduction by Alan Whiteside OBE Pdf

HIV/AIDS is without doubt the worst epidemic to hit humankind since the Black Death. The first case was identified in 1981; by 2004 it was estimated that about 40 million people were living with the disease, and about 20 million had died. Despite rapid scientific advances there is still no cure and the drugs are expensive and toxic. Because of controversies and taboos surrounding safe drug usage and prostitution, the numbers of people infected continues to rise. However, it is in the developing world and especially parts of Africa that the real catastrophe is unfolding. In some of the worst affected countries life expectancy has plummeted to below 35 years, which has led to a serious decline in economic growth, a sharp rise in orphaning, and the imminent collapse of health care systems. The news is not all bleak though. There have been unprecedented breakthroughs in understanding diseases and developing drugs. Because the disease is so closely linked to sexual activity and drug use, the need to understand and change behaviour has caused us to reassess what it means to be human and how we should operate in the globalising world. This Very Short Introduction provides an introduction to the disease, tackling the science, the international and local politics, the fascinating demographics, and the devastating consequences of the disease, and explores how we have — and must — respond. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.