The Holocaust In Romania

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The Holocaust in Romania

Radu Ioanid
The Holocaust in Romania Book PDF

Author : Radu Ioanid
Publisher : Ivan R. Dee
Page : 382 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2008-02-18
Category : History
ISBN : 9781461694908

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The Holocaust in Romania by Radu Ioanid Pdf

In 1930, 757,000 Jews lived in Romania; they constituted the third largest Jewish community in Europe. Today not more than 14,000 Jews live in Romania, most of them elderly. The record of the Holocaust in Romania includes many curious chapters of support and betrayal, but they have been largely unavailable until now. Radu Ioanid’s account based upon privileged access to secret East European government archives, is an unprecedented analysis of heretofore purposely hidden materials. Archival records, published and unpublished reports, memoirs of survivors, letters—Mr. Ioanid uses all these elements to build an accurate perspective on Romanian policies of racism, anti-Semitism, and Jewish extermination during the regime of Ion Antonescu. The publication of The Holocaust in Romania is timely as well as important, for there is now in Romania a growing effort to deny the government’s role in the tragedy. Mr. Ioanid sheds light on the reality of the persecutions, the cruelty of the perpetrators, their blatant opportunism and endless cynicism. The story is one of destruction and survival; of German dissatisfaction with Romanian ad hoc violence; of an elusive national policy and the strategies of Romanian authorities that allowed 300,000 Romanian Jews to survive the war. "Invaluable...monumental...no comparable work in any language has documented this important history with the thoroughness, skill, and analytical sophistication this book demonstrates.”—Leo Spitzer, Dartmouth College. Published in association with the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. With 8 pages of photographs.

The Romanian Orthodox Church and the Holocaust

Ion Popa
The Romanian Orthodox Church and the Holocaust Book PDF

Author : Ion Popa
Publisher : Indiana University Press
Page : 254 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2017-09-11
Category : History
ISBN : 9780253029898

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The Romanian Orthodox Church and the Holocaust by Ion Popa Pdf

“An important book” that delves into the role of religious authorities in Romania during the Holocaust, and the continuing effects today (Antisemitism Studies). In 1930, about 750,000 Jews called Romania home. At the end of World War II, approximately half of them survived. Only recently, after the fall of Communism, are details of the history of the Holocaust in Romania coming to light. Ion Popa explores this history by scrutinizing the role of the Romanian Orthodox Church from 1938 to the present day. Popa unveils and questions whitewashing myths that covered up the role of the church in supporting official antisemitic policies of the Romanian government. He analyzes the church’s relationship with the Jewish community in Romania, with Judaism, and with the state of Israel, as well as the extent to which the church recognizes its part in the persecution and destruction of Romanian Jews. Popa’s highly original analysis illuminates how the church responded to accusations regarding its involvement in the Holocaust, the part it played in buttressing the wall of Holocaust denial, and how Holocaust memory has been shaped in Romania today.

The History of the Holocaust in Romania

Jean Ancel
The History of the Holocaust in Romania Book PDF

Author : Jean Ancel
Publisher : Comprehensive History of the H
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2017-05-30
Category : History
ISBN : 0803290616

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The History of the Holocaust in Romania by Jean Ancel Pdf

Drawing from an exhaustive collection of original Jewish accounts and sources not available until the fall of Nicolae Ceausescu in the late 1980s, Jean Ancel provides a detailed analysis of the path of antisemitism that led to the unspeakable horrors of the Holocaust in Romania. The Romanians and other nations inside and outside the Balkans related differently to "their Jews" and "other Jews," that is, those living in districts annexed to Romania after the First World War and those in areas occupied and annexed to the Romanian military administration after the Soviet invasion in June 1941. The Jews of the Regat, the core Romanian principality, suffered pogroms, decrees, and degradation, but on the whole they survived the Holocaust. Although more Jews survived in Romania than in any other non-occupied country allied with Germany, contemporary Romanian sources show that the Antonescu regime and Romania itself killed at least 400,000 Jews, including 180,000 Ukranian Jews. Among Nazi Germany's allies, Romania contributed most to the extermination of the Jewish people. Jean Ancel (1940-2008) was a Romanian-born Israeli independent historian and a research associate of Yad Vashem's International Institute for Holocaust Research. He is the author and editor of numerous books, including The Economic Destruction of Romanian Jewry (Yad Vashem, 2007), Prelude to Mass Murder: The Pogrom in Iisi, Romania, June 28 and Thereafter (Yad Vashem, 2014), and Resisting the Storm: Romania, 1940-1947: Memoirs.

So They Remember

Maksim Goldenshteyn
So They Remember Book PDF

Author : Maksim Goldenshteyn
Publisher : University of Oklahoma Press
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2022-01-23
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : 9780806190587

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So They Remember by Maksim Goldenshteyn Pdf

When we think of Nazi camps, names such as Auschwitz, Bergen-Belsen, and Dachau come instantly to mind. Yet the history of the Holocaust extends beyond those notorious sites. In the former territory of Transnistria, located in occupied Soviet Ukraine and governed by Nazi Germany’s Romanian allies, many Jews perished due to disease, starvation, and other horrific conditions. Through an intimate blending of memoir, history, and reportage, So They Remember illuminates this oft-overlooked chapter of the Holocaust. In December 1941, with the German-led invasion of the Soviet Union in its sixth month, a twelve-year-old Jewish boy named Motl Braverman, along with family members, was uprooted from his Ukrainian hometown and herded to the remote village of Pechera, the site of a Romanian death camp. Author Maksim Goldenshteyn, the grandson of Motl, first learned of his family’s wartime experiences in 2012. Through tireless research, Goldenshteyn spent years unraveling the story of Motl, his family members, and their fellow prisoners. The author here renders their story through the eyes of Motl and other children, who decades later would bear witness to the traumas they suffered. Until now, Romanian historians and survivors have served as almost the only chroniclers of the Holocaust in Transnistria. Goldenshteyn’s account, based on interviews with Soviet-born relatives and other survivors, archival documents, and memoirs, is among the first full-length books to spotlight the Pechera camp, ominously known by its prisoners as Mertvaya Petlya, or the “Death Noose.” Unfortunately, as the author explains, the Pechera camp was only one of some two hundred concentration sites spread across Transnistria, where local Ukrainian policemen often conspired with Romanian guards to brutalize the prisoners. In March 1944, the Red Army liberated Motl’s family and fellow captives. Yet for decades, according to the author, they were silenced by Soviet policies enacted to erase all memory of Jewish wartime suffering. So They Remember gives voice to this long-repressed history and documents how the events at Pechera and other surrounding camps and ghettos would continue to shape remaining survivors and their descendants.

Holocaust in Romania

Matatias Carp
Holocaust in Romania Book PDF

Author : Matatias Carp
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : History
ISBN : STANFORD:36105021395905

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Holocaust in Romania by Matatias Carp Pdf

The brutality of how Romania's war-time Nazi leaders butchered 400,000 Romanian Jews is documented by a surviving Jewish leader.

The Holocaust in the Romanian Borderlands

Mihai I Poliec
The Holocaust in the Romanian Borderlands Book PDF

Author : Mihai I Poliec
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 164 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2019-06-14
Category : History
ISBN : 9780429561269

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The Holocaust in the Romanian Borderlands by Mihai I Poliec Pdf

This volume examines the changing role which ordinary members of society played in the state-sponsored persecution of the Jews in Bukovina and Bessarabia, both during the summer of 1941, when Romania joined the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union, and beyond. It establishes different patterns of civilian complicity and discusses the significance of the phenomenon in the context of the exterminatory campaign pursued by the Romanian military authorities against the Jews living in the borderlands.

Holocaust Public Memory in Postcommunist Romania

Alexandru Florian
Holocaust Public Memory in Postcommunist Romania Book PDF

Author : Alexandru Florian
Publisher : Indiana University Press
Page : 327 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2018-01-24
Category : History
ISBN : 9780253032744

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Holocaust Public Memory in Postcommunist Romania by Alexandru Florian Pdf

How is the Holocaust remembered in Romania since the fall of communism? Alexandru Florian and an international group of contributors unveil how and why Romania, a place where large segments of the Jewish and Roma populations perished, still fails to address its recent past. These essays focus on the roles of government and public actors that choose to promote, construct, defend, or contest the memory of the Holocaust, as well as the tools—the press, the media, monuments, and commemorations—that create public memory. Coming from a variety of perspectives, these essays provide a compelling view of what memories exist, how they are sustained, how they can be distorted, and how public remembrance of the Holocaust can be encouraged in Romanian society today.

Jewish Forced Labor in Romania, 1940–1944

Dallas Michelbacher
Jewish Forced Labor in Romania 1940 1944 Book PDF

Author : Dallas Michelbacher
Publisher : Indiana University Press
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2020-05-05
Category : History
ISBN : 9780253047441

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Jewish Forced Labor in Romania, 1940–1944 by Dallas Michelbacher Pdf

This study of the Antonescu regime’s forced-labor system “offers precious insights to historians and social scientists alike” (Dennis Deletant, author of Ion Antonescu: Hitler’s Forgotten Ally). Between Romania’s entry into World War II in 1941 and the ouster of dictator Ion Antonescu three years later, over 105,000 Jews were forced to work in internment and labor camps, labor battalions, government institutions, and private industry. Particularly for those in the labor battalions, this period was characterized by extraordinary physical and psychological suffering, hunger, inadequate shelter, and dangerous or even deadly working conditions. And yet the situation that arose from the combination of Antonescu’s paranoias and the peculiarities of the Romanian system of forced-labor organization meant that most Jewish laborers survived. Jewish Forced Labor in Romania explores the ideological and legal background of this system of forced labor, its purpose, and its evolution. Author Dallas Michelbacher examines the relationship between the system of forced labor and the Romanian government’s plans for the “solution to the Jewish question.” In doing so, Michelbacher highlights the key differences between the Romanian system of forced labor and the well-documented use of forced labor in Nazi Germany and neighboring Hungary. Jewish Forced Labor in Romania explores the internal logic of the Antonescu regime and how it balanced its ideological imperative for antisemitic persecution with the economic needs of a state engaged in total war whose economy was still heavily dependent on the skills of its Jewish population.

Romania's Holy War

Grant T. Harward
Romania s Holy War Book PDF

Author : Grant T. Harward
Publisher : Cornell University Press
Page : 359 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2021-11-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781501759970

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Romania's Holy War by Grant T. Harward Pdf

Romania's Holy War rights the widespread myth that Romania was a reluctant member of the Axis during World War II. In correcting this fallacy, Grant T. Harward shows that, of an estimated 300,000 Jews who perished in Romania and Romanian-occupied Ukraine, more than 64,000 were, in fact, killed by Romanian soldiers. Moreover, the Romanian Army conducted a brutal campaign in German-occupied Ukraine, resulting in the deaths of thousands of Soviet prisoners of war, partisans, and civilians. Investigating why Romanian soldiers fought and committed such atrocities, Harward argues that strong ideology—a cocktail of nationalism, religion, antisemitism, and anticommunism—undergirded their motivation. Romania's Holy War draws on official military records, wartime periodicals, soldiers' diaries and memoirs, subsequent war crimes investigations, and recent interviews with veterans to tell the full story. Harward integrates the Holocaust into the narrative of military operations to show that most soldiers fully supported the wartime dictator, General Ion Antonescu, and his regime's holy war against "Judeo-Bolshevism." The army perpetrated mass reprisals, targeting Jews in liberated Romanian territory; supported the deportation and concentration of Jews in camps or ghettos in Romanian-occupied Soviet territory; and played a key supporting role in SS efforts to exterminate Jews in German-occupied Soviet territory. Harward proves that Romania became Nazi Germany's most important ally in the war against the USSR because its soldiers were highly motivated, thus overturning much of what we thought we knew about this theater of war. Romania's Holy War provides the first complete history of why Romanian soldiers fought on the Eastern Front.

The Origins and Onset of the Romanian Holocaust

Henry Eaton
The Origins and Onset of the Romanian Holocaust Book PDF

Author : Henry Eaton
Publisher : Wayne State University Press
Page : 206 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2013-05-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9780814338568

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The Origins and Onset of the Romanian Holocaust by Henry Eaton Pdf

The first mass killings of the Romanian Holocaust in late June to early July 1941 brutally claimed thousands of victims and marked the beginning of the government's plan to "cleanse the land" of Jews. Moreover, of all the Third Reich's allies, only Romania undertook its genocide campaign without the intervention of Himmler's SS. In The Origins and Onset of the Romanian Holocaust, author Henry Eaton traces the historical path to this tragedy by examining both Romania's antisemitic history and looking at the initial mass killings in detail. First, Eaton traces the roots of the Romanian government's decision to exterminate Jews in Romania and in its annexed areas through its long and often violent antisemitic past. While the decision to target the Jews might have been ordered by dictator Ion Antonescu and his top civil and military officials, Eaton argues that it found its basis in an entrenched cultural abuse of Jews dating back to the nineteenth century. In the second section, Eaton analyzes the Romanian government's first killing operations: the execution of 311 Jewish men, women, and children at Stânca Rosnovanu by men of the Romanian 6th Cavalry Regiment; the great pogrom in the city of Iasi triggered by agents of the government's intelligence service; and the two "death trains" in which some 2,700 pogrom survivors perished in freight cars turned into ovens by the summer heat. In the final chapters, Eaton examines the victims and perpetrators in detail and addresses the possible German connections to the killings. The Origins and Onset of the Romanian Holocaust persuasively challenges the idea that Romania's adoption of murder as state policy was due to outside pressure. Eaton's volume will be illuminating reading for Holocaust studies scholars and readers interested in World War II history.

The Ransom of the Jews

Radu Ioanid
The Ransom of the Jews Book PDF

Author : Radu Ioanid
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 433 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2021-06-23
Category : History
ISBN : 9781538140758

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The Ransom of the Jews by Radu Ioanid Pdf

After 1948, the 370,000 Jews of Romania who survived the Holocaust became one of the main sources of immigration for the new state of Israel as almost all left their homeland to settle in Palestine and Israel. Romania's decision to allow its Jews to leave was baldly practical: Israel paid for them, and Romania wanted influence in the Middle East. For its part, Israel was rescuing a community threatened by economic and cultural extinction and at the same time strengthening itself with a massive infusion of new immigrants. Radu Ioanid traces the secret history of the longest and most expensive ransom arrangement in recent times, a hidden exchange that lasted until the fall of the Communist regime. Including a wealth of recently declassified documents from the archives of the Romanian secret police, this updated edition follows Israel’s long and expensive ransom arrangement with Communist Romania. Ioanid uncovers the elaborate mechanisms that made it successful for decades, the shadowy figures responsible, and the secret channels of communication and payment. As suspenseful as a Cold-War thriller, his book tells the full, startling story of an unprecedented slave trade.

The Kishinev Ghetto, 1941–1942

Paul A. Shapiro
The Kishinev Ghetto 1941 1942 Book PDF

Author : Paul A. Shapiro
Publisher : University of Alabama Press
Page : 281 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2015-09-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9780817318642

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The Kishinev Ghetto, 1941–1942 by Paul A. Shapiro Pdf

"The Kishinev Ghetto, 1941-1942 sheds new light on the little-known historical events surrounding the creation, administration, and liquidation of the Kishinev (Chisinau) ghetto during the first months following the Axis attack on the Soviet Union (Operation Barbarossa) in late June 1941. Mass killings during the combined Romanian-German drive toward Kishinev in Bessarabia, after a year of Soviet rule in this Romanian border province, were followed by the shooting of thousands of Jews on the streets of the city during the first days of reestablished Romanian administration. Survivors were driven into a ghetto, persecuted, and liquidated by year's end. The Kishinev Ghetto, 1941-1942 is the first major study of these events. Often overshadowed by events in Germany and Poland, the history of the Holocaust in Romania, including what took place in Bessarabia (corresponding in large part with the territory of the modern Republic of Moldova), was obscured during decades of communist rule, denial, and policies that blocked access to wartime documentation. This book is the result of a lengthy research project that began with Paul A. Shapiro's travels to Romania for the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum to negotiate access to these documents."--

Hitler's Forgotten Ally

D. Deletant
Hitler s Forgotten Ally Book PDF

Author : D. Deletant
Publisher : Springer
Page : 389 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2006-04-12
Category : History
ISBN : 9780230502093

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Hitler's Forgotten Ally by D. Deletant Pdf

This book is the first complete study in English of Antonescu's part in the Second World War. Antonescu was a major ally of Hitler and Romania fielded the third largest Axis army, joined the Tripartite Pact in November 1940 as a sovereign state and participated in the attack on the Soviet Union of 22 June 1941 as an equal partner of Germany.

The State, Antisemitism, and Collaboration in the Holocaust

Diana Dumitru
The State Antisemitism and Collaboration in the Holocaust Book PDF

Author : Diana Dumitru
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 287 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2016-04-04
Category : History
ISBN : 9781107131965

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The State, Antisemitism, and Collaboration in the Holocaust by Diana Dumitru Pdf

This book explores regional variations in civilians' attitudes toward the Jewish population in Romania and the occupied Soviet Union.

The Holocaust in Romania

Radu Ioanid
The Holocaust in Romania Book PDF

Author : Radu Ioanid
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 663 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2022-04-20
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781538138090

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The Holocaust in Romania by Radu Ioanid Pdf

In this book, Ioanid explores in great detail the physical destruction of Romania’s Jewish and Roma communities, including the pogroms of Bucharest and Iaşi as well as the deportations and the massacres from Bessarabia, Bukovina, and Transnistria. Based on thousands of archival documents and testimonies of survivors, The Holocaust in Romania sheds new light on Romania’s prefascist and fascist antisemitic legislation and its implementation. New chapters consider the forced labor of the Jews, persecution by the Protestant churches, and the decision-making process of the Antonescu government in its treatment of Jews and Roma. With this book, the Romanian Holocaust will no longer be forgotten.