The Indoctrination Of The Wehrmacht

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The Indoctrination of the Wehrmacht

Bryce Sait
The Indoctrination of the Wehrmacht Book PDF

Author : Bryce Sait
Publisher : Berghahn Books
Page : 204 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2019-03-10
Category : History
ISBN : 9781789201505

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The Indoctrination of the Wehrmacht by Bryce Sait Pdf

Far from the image of an apolitical, “clean” Wehrmacht that persists in popular memory, German soldiers regularly cooperated with organizations like the SS in the abuse and murder of countless individuals during the Second World War. This in-depth study demonstrates that a key factor in the criminalization of the Wehrmacht was the intense political indoctrination imposed on its members. At the instigation of senior leadership, many ordinary German soldiers and officers became ideological warriors who viewed their enemies in racial and political terms—a project that was but one piece of the broader effort to socialize young men during the Nazi era.

Hitler's Police Battalions

Edward B. Westermann
Hitler s Police Battalions Book PDF

Author : Edward B. Westermann
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 366 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : History
ISBN : UOM:39015060814814

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Hitler's Police Battalions by Edward B. Westermann Pdf

When the German Wehrmacht swarmed across Eastern Europe, an elite corps followed close at its heels. Along with the SS and Gestapo, the Ordnungspolizei, or Uniformed Police, played a central role in Nazi genocide that until now has been generally neglected by historians of the war. Beginning with the invasion of Poland, the Uniformed Police were charged with following the army to curb resistance, pacify the countryside, patrol Jewish ghettos, and generally maintain order in the conquered territories. Edward Westermann examines how this force emerged as a primary instrument of annihilation, responsible for the murder of hundreds of thousands of the Third Reich's political and racial enemies. In Hitler's Police Battalions he reveals how the institutional mindset of these "ordinary policemen" allowed them to commit atrocities without a second thought. To uncover the story of how the German national police were fashioned into a corps of political soldiers, Westermann reveals initiatives pursued before the war by Heinrich Himmler and Kurt Daluege to create a culture within the existing police forces that fostered anti-Semitism and anti-Communism as institutional norms. Challenging prevailing interpretations of German culture, Westermann draws on extensive archival research—including the testimony of former policemen—to illuminate this transformation and the callous organizational culture that emerged. Purged of dissidents, indoctrinated to idolize Hitler, and trained in military combat, these police battalions-often numbering several hundred men-repeatedly conducted actions against Jews, Slavs, gypsies, asocials, and other groups on their own initiative, even when they had the choice not to. In addition to documenting these atrocities, Westermann examines cooperation between the Ordnungspolizei and the SS and Gestapo, and the close relationship between police and Wehrmacht in the conduct of the anti-partisan campaign of annihilation. Throughout, Westermann stresses the importance of ideological indoctrination and organizational initiatives within specific groups. It was the organizational culture of the Uniformed Police, he maintains, and not German culture in general that led these men to commit genocide. Hitler's Police Battalions provides the most complete and comprehensive study to date of this neglected branch of Himmler's SS and Police empire and adds a new dimension to our understanding of the Holocaust and the war on the Eastern front.

Probing the Limits of Categorization

Christina Morina,Krijn Thijs
Probing the Limits of Categorization Book PDF

Author : Christina Morina,Krijn Thijs
Publisher : Berghahn Books
Page : 382 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2020-12-01
Category : History
ISBN : 1789208114

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Probing the Limits of Categorization by Christina Morina,Krijn Thijs Pdf

Of the three categories that Raul Hilberg developed in his analysis of the Holocaust—perpetrators, victims, and bystanders—it is the last that is the broadest and most difficult to pinpoint. Described by Hilberg as those who were “once a part of this history,” bystanders present unique challenges for those seeking to understand the decisions, attitudes, and self-understanding of historical actors who were neither obviously the instigators nor the targets of Nazi crimes. Combining historiographical, conceptual, and empirical perspectives on the bystander, the case studies in this book provide powerful insights into the complex social processes that accompany state-sponsored genocidal violence.

Hitler's Army

Omer Bartov
Hitler s Army Book PDF

Author : Omer Bartov
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 1992-11-26
Category : History
ISBN : 9780199879618

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Hitler's Army by Omer Bartov Pdf

As the Cold War followed on the heels of the Second World War, as the Nuremburg Trials faded in the shadow of the Iron Curtain, both the Germans and the West were quick to accept the idea that Hitler's army had been no SS, no Gestapo, that it was a professional force little touched by Nazi politics. But in this compelling account Omer Bartov reveals a very different history, as he probes the experience of the average soldier to show just how thoroughly Nazi ideology permeated the army. In Hitler's Army, Bartov focuses on the titanic struggle between Germany and the Soviet Union--where the vast majority of German troops fought--to show how the savagery of war reshaped the army in Hitler's image. Both brutalized and brutalizing, these soldiers needed to see their bitter sacrifices as noble patriotism and to justify their own atrocities by seeing their victims as subhuman. In the unprecedented ferocity and catastrophic losses of the Eastrn front, he writes, soldiers embraced the idea that the war was a defense of civilization against Jewish/Bolshevik barbarism, a war of racial survival to be waged at all costs. Bartov describes the incredible scale and destruction of the invasion of Russia in horrific detail. Even in the first months--often depicted as a time of easy victories--undermanned and ill-equipped German units were stretched to the breaking point by vast distances and bitter Soviet resistance. Facing scarce supplies and enormous casualties, the average soldier sank to ta a primitive level of existence, re-experiencing the trench warfare of World War I under the most extreme weather conditions imaginable; the fighting itself was savage, and massacres of prisoners were common. Troops looted food and supplies from civilians with wild abandon; they mercilessly wiped out villages suspected of aiding partisans. Incredible losses led to recruits being thrown together in units that once had been filled with men from the same communities, making Nazi ideology even more important as a binding force. And they were further brutalized by a military justice system that executed almost 15,000 German soldiers during the war. Bartov goes on to explore letters, diaries, military reports, and other sources, showing how widespread Hitler's views became among common fighting men--men who grew up, he reminds us, under the Nazi regime. In the end, they truly became Hitler's army. In six years of warfare, the vast majority of German men passed through the Wehrmacht and almost every family had a relative who fought in the East. Bartov's powerful new account of how deeply Nazi ideology penetrated the army sheds new light on how deeply it penetrated the nation. Hitler's Army makes an important correction not merely to the historical record but to how we see the world today.

Hitler's African Victims

Raffael Scheck
Hitler s African Victims Book PDF

Author : Raffael Scheck
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2006-04-03
Category : History
ISBN : 0521857996

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Hitler's African Victims by Raffael Scheck Pdf

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Islam and Nazi Germany's War

David Motadel
Islam and Nazi Germany s War Book PDF

Author : David Motadel
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2014-11-30
Category : History
ISBN : 9780674744950

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Islam and Nazi Germany's War by David Motadel Pdf

With troops fighting in regions populated by Muslims from the Sahara to the Caucasus, Nazi officials saw Islam as a powerful force with the same enemies as Germany: the British Empire, the Soviet Union, and the Jews. David Motadel provides the first comprehensive account of Berlin’s ambitious attempts to build an alliance with the Islamic world.

Terror in the Balkans

Ben Shepherd
Terror in the Balkans Book PDF

Author : Ben Shepherd
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 375 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2012-04-13
Category : History
ISBN : 9780674065130

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Terror in the Balkans by Ben Shepherd Pdf

"Ben Shepherd ... uses Austro-Hungarian Army records to consider how the personal experiences of many Austrian officers during the Great War played a role in brutalizing their behavior in Yugoslavia. A comparison of Wehrmacht counter-insurgency divisions allows Shepherd to analyze how a range of midlevel commanders and their units conducted themselves in different parts of Yugoslavia, and why"--Jacket.

The Wehrmacht

Wolfram WETTE
The Wehrmacht Book PDF

Author : Wolfram WETTE
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 395 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2009-06-30
Category : History
ISBN : 9780674045118

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The Wehrmacht by Wolfram WETTE Pdf

This book is a profound reexamination of the role of the German army, the Wehrmacht, in World War II. Until very recently, the standard story avowed that the ordinary German soldier in World War II was a good soldier, distinct from Hitler's rapacious SS troops, and not an accomplice to the massacres of civilians. Wolfram Wette, a preeminent German military historian, explodes the myth of a "clean" Wehrmacht with devastating clarity. This book reveals the Wehrmacht's long-standing prejudices against Jews, Slavs, and Bolsheviks, beliefs that predated the prophecies of Mein Kampf and the paranoia of National Socialism. Though the sixteen-million-member German army is often portrayed as a victim of Nazi mania, we come to see that from 1941 to 1944 these soldiers were thoroughly involved in the horrific cleansing of Russia and Eastern Europe. Wette compellingly documents Germany's long-term preparation of its army for a race war deemed necessary to safeguard the country's future; World War II was merely the fulfillment of these plans, on a previously unimaginable scale. This sober indictment of millions of German soldiers reaches beyond the Wehrmacht's complicity to examine how German academics and ordinary citizens avoided confronting this difficult truth at war's end. Wette shows how atrocities against Jews and others were concealed and sanitized, and history rewritten. Only recently has the German public undertaken a reevaluation of this respected national institution--a painful but necessary process if we are to truly comprehend how the Holocaust was carried out and how we have come to understand it.

Hitler Youth

Michael H. Kater
Hitler Youth Book PDF

Author : Michael H. Kater
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 366 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2009-06-30
Category : History
ISBN : 9780674039353

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Hitler Youth by Michael H. Kater Pdf

In modern times, the recruitment of children into a political organization and ideology reached its boldest embodiment in the Hitler Youth, founded in 1933 soon after the Nazi Party assumed power in Germany. Determining that by age ten children’s minds could be turned from play to politics, the regime inducted nearly all German juveniles between the ages of ten and eighteen into its state-run organization. The result was a potent tool for bending young minds and hearts to the will of Adolf Hitler. Baldur von Schirach headed a strict chain of command whose goal was to shift the adolescents’ sense of obedience from home and school to the racially defined Volk and the Third Reich. Luring boys and girls into Hitler Youth ranks by offering them status, uniforms, and weekend hikes, the Nazis turned campgrounds into premilitary training sites, air guns into machine guns, sing-alongs into marching drills, instruction into indoctrination, and children into Nazis. A few resisted for personal or political reasons, but the overwhelming majority enlisted. Drawing on original reports, letters, diaries, and memoirs, Michael H. Kater traces the history of the Hitler Youth, examining the means, degree, and impact of conversion, and the subsequent fate of young recruits. Millions of Hitler Youth joined the armed forces; thousands gleefully participated in the subjugation of foreign peoples and the obliteration of “racial aliens.” Although young, they committed crimes against humanity for which they cannot escape judgment. Their story stands as a harsh reminder of the moral bankruptcy of regimes that make children complicit in crimes of the state.

A Child of Hitler

Alfons Heck
A Child of Hitler Book PDF

Author : Alfons Heck
Publisher : American Traveler Press
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 1985
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : 0939650444

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A Child of Hitler by Alfons Heck Pdf

The author's story of his rise to power in the Hitler Youth under the spell of Adolf Hitler.

Microhistories of the Holocaust

Claire Zalc,Tal Bruttmann
Microhistories of the Holocaust Book PDF

Author : Claire Zalc,Tal Bruttmann
Publisher : Berghahn Books
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2016-12-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9781785333675

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Microhistories of the Holocaust by Claire Zalc,Tal Bruttmann Pdf

How does scale affect our understanding of the Holocaust? In the vastness of its implementation and the sheer amount of death and suffering it produced, the genocide of Europe’s Jews presents special challenges for historians, who have responded with work ranging in scope from the world-historical to the intimate. In particular, recent scholarship has demonstrated a willingness to study the Holocaust at scales as focused as a single neighborhood, family, or perpetrator. This volume brings together an international cast of scholars to reflect on the ongoing microhistorical turn in Holocaust studies, assessing its historiographical pitfalls as well as the distinctive opportunities it affords researchers.

Hitler's Soldiers

Ben H. Shepherd
Hitler s Soldiers Book PDF

Author : Ben H. Shepherd
Publisher : Yale University Press
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2016-06-28
Category : History
ISBN : 9780300219524

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Hitler's Soldiers by Ben H. Shepherd Pdf

For decades after 1945, it was generally believed that the German army, professional and morally decent, had largely stood apart from the SS, Gestapo, and other corps of the Nazi machine. Ben Shepherd draws on a wealth of primary sources and recent scholarship to convey a much darker, more complex picture. For the first time, the German army is examined throughout the Second World War, across all combat theaters and occupied regions, and from multiple perspectives: its battle performance, social composition, relationship with the Nazi state, and involvement in war crimes and military occupation. This was a true people’s army, drawn from across German society and reflecting that society as it existed under the Nazis. Without the army and its conquests abroad, Shepherd explains, the Nazi regime could not have perpetrated its crimes against Jews, prisoners of war, and civilians in occupied countries. The author examines how the army was complicit in these crimes and why some soldiers, units, and higher commands were more complicit than others. Shepherd also reveals the reasons for the army’s early battlefield successes and its mounting defeats up to 1945, the latter due not only to Allied superiority and Hitler’s mismanagement as commander-in-chief, but also to the failings—moral, political, economic, strategic, and operational—of the army’s own leadership.

Violence in Defeat

Bastiaan Willems
Violence in Defeat Book PDF

Author : Bastiaan Willems
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 367 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2021-02-18
Category : History
ISBN : 9781108479721

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Violence in Defeat by Bastiaan Willems Pdf

Explores how the Wehrmacht's defensive conduct contributed to the radicalisation of behavioural patterns in Germany during the war's final months.

In the Shadow of Auschwitz

Daniel Brewing
In the Shadow of Auschwitz Book PDF

Author : Daniel Brewing
Publisher : Berghahn Books
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2022-06-10
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781800730908

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In the Shadow of Auschwitz by Daniel Brewing Pdf

The Nazi invasion of Poland was the first step in an unremittingly brutal occupation, one most infamously represented by the network of death camps constructed on Polish soil. The systematic murder of Jews in the camps has understandably been the focus of much historical attention. Less well-remembered today is the fate of millions of non-Jewish Polish civilians, who—when they were not expelled from their homeland or forced into slave labor—were murdered in vast numbers both within and outside of the camps. Drawing on both German and Polish sources, In the Shadow of Auschwitz gives a definitive account of the depredations inflicted upon Polish society, tracing the ruthless implementation of a racial ideology that cast ethnic Poles as an inferior race.

The Wehrmacht's Last Stand

Robert M. Citino
The Wehrmacht s Last Stand Book PDF

Author : Robert M. Citino
Publisher : University Press of Kansas
Page : 632 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2020-07-09
Category : History
ISBN : 9780700630387

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The Wehrmacht's Last Stand by Robert M. Citino Pdf

By 1943, the war was lost, and most German officers knew it. Three quarters of a century later, the question persists: What kept the German army going in an increasingly hopeless situation? Where some historians have found explanations in the power of Hitler or the role of ideology, Robert M. Citino, the world’s leading scholar on the subject, posits a more straightforward solution: Bewegungskrieg, the way of war cultivated by the Germans over the course of history. In this gripping account of German military campaigns during the final phase of World War II, Citino charts the inevitable path by which Bewegungskrieg, or a “war of movement,” inexorably led to Nazi Germany’s defeat. The Wehrmacht’s Last Stand analyzes the German Totenritt, or “death ride,” from January 1944—with simultaneous Allied offensives at Anzio and Ukraine—until May 1945, the collapse of the Wehrmacht in the field, and the Soviet storming of Berlin. In clear and compelling prose, and bringing extensive reading of the German-language literature to bear, Citino focuses on the German view of these campaigns. Often very different from the Allied perspective, this approach allows for a more nuanced and far-reaching understanding of the last battles of the Wehrmacht than any now available. With Citino’s previous volumes, Death of the Wehrmacht and The Wehrmacht Retreats, The Wehrmacht’s Last Stand completes a uniquely comprehensive picture of the German army’s strategy, operations, and performance against the Allies in World War II.