The International Politics Of The Armenian Azerbaijani Conflict
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The International Politics of the Armenian-Azerbaijani Conflict by Svante E. Cornell Pdf
This book frames the Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh in the context of European and international security. It is the first book to focus on the politics of the conflict rather than the dispute itself. Since their emergence twenty years ago, this and other “frozen conflicts” of Eurasia have been affected by transformations in European security, and many ways absorbed into an ever fiercer geopolitical struggle for influence. The wars in Georgia and Ukraine brought greater attention to some unresolved conflicts, but not to the conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan. As the contributors to this volume argue, the conflict merits much greater European attention, for several reasons: it is on a path of escalation, existing mediation regimes are dysfunctional, and as both Georgia and Ukraine have showed, any outbreak of serious fighting will force the EU to respond. This book thus explains the interlocking interests of Russia, Turkey, Iran, the EU and United States in the conflict, and analyzes the negotiation process and the conflict’s international legal aspects.
The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict by M. Hakan Yavuz,Michael M. Gunter Pdf
This book presents a comprehensive overview of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, the long-running dispute between Armenia and Azerbaijan over the Armenian-majority region of Azerbaijan. It outlines the historical development of the dispute, explores the political and social aspects of the conflict, examines the wars over the territory including the war of 2020 which resulted in a significant Azerbaijani victory, and discusses the international dimensions.
Armenia and Azerbaijan by Broers Laurence Broers Pdf
The Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict for control of the mountainous territory of Nagorny Karabakh is the longest-running dispute in post-Soviet Eurasia. Laurence Broers shows how more than 20 years of dynamic territorial politics, shifting power relations, international diffusion and unsuccessful mediation efforts have contributed to the resilience of this stubbornly unresolved dispute. Looking beyond tabloid tropes of 'frozen conflict' or 'Russian land-grab', Broers unpacks the unresolved territorial issues of the 1990s and the strategic rivalry that has built up around them since.
Conflict Resolution Beyond the Realist Paradigm by Philip Gamaghelyan Pdf
Conflict Resolution holds the promise of freeing approaches and policies with regard to politics of identity from the fatalistic grip of realism. While the conceptual literature on identity and conflicts has moved in this alternative direction, conflict resolution practice continues to rely on realist frames and acts as an unwanted auxiliary to traditional international relations. Perpetuation of conflict discourses, marginalization, and exclusion of affected populations are widespread. They are caused by the overreliance of conflict resolution practice on the binary frames of classic IR paradigms and also by the competitive and hierarchical relationships within the field. Philip Gamaghelyan relies on participatory action research and collective autoethnography to expose patterns of exclusion and marginalization as well as the paradoxical reproduction of conflict-promoting frames in current conflict-resolution practice applied to the Nagorno-Karabakh and Syrian crises. He builds on the work of postmodernist scholars, on reflective practice, and on discourse analysis to explore alternative and inclusive strategies with a transformative potential. The IR discipline that has dominated policymaking is only one possible lens, and often a deficient one, for defining, preventing, or resolving contemporary conflicts wrapped in identity politics. Other conceptual frameworks can help to rethink our understanding of identity and conflicts and reconstruct them as performative and not static phenomena. These transformative frameworks are increasingly influential in the conflict resolution field and can be applied to policymaking.
The Karabakh Conflict Between Armenia and Azerbaijan by M. Hakan Yavuz,Michael M. Gunter Pdf
This book focuses on Post-Soviet ethnic conflicts and Russia's involvement in them. In light of its significant importance for general ethnic conflict, specifically the post-Soviet Caucasus, along with the most recent war just fought over the area from September-November 2020, this book appropriately argues that it is time to reconsider Karabakh. This project deals with the historical, social and political aspects of the Karabakh issue regarding its origins, development and the current status of the conflict subsequent to the war in the autumn of 2020. Thus, the main themes will stress these points, as well as the importance of the Karabakh issue for the future, by considering its precedents and implications for other secessionist wars. This book also explores how such wars begin and end, the international legal precedents of self-determination versus territorial integrity, its implications for post-Soviet developments and conflicts, and the latest successful weapons developments lessons from the recent war involving drones, among others such as Azerbaijan’s rich oil reserves.
The Caucasus region, situated on a natural isthmus between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, has long been a border zone and a melting pot for a diverse range of cultures and peoples. As the intersection between Europe and Asia, and also - tween Russia and the Ottoman and Persian Empires, it has featured in the strategic plans of numerous great powers over the centuries. Given its abundance of natural resources, the ready-made raw material transport routes to Europe and its enduring position on the edge of Russia, nothing has changed to the present day. The tremendous development opportunities of the Caucasian region are being tarnished by unresolved territorial conflicts that put a continual and regionally balanced growth, sustained democratisation and long-term stability at risk. These conflicts, which all erupted with the dissolution of the Soviet Union, include the separatist movements in Abkhazia, Chechnya, Nagorno-Karabakh and South - setia. The war over South Ossetia, which erupted between Russia and Georgia in August 2008, spelt out the explosive potential still inherent in these conflicts.
Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia by Jim Nichol Pdf
This is a print on demand edition of a hard to find publication. The U.S. recognized the independence of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia when the former Soviet Union broke up at the end of 1991. Contents of this report: (1) Recent Developments; (2) Background; (3) Overview of U.S. Policy Concerns: Operations in Iraq; After the Aug. 2008 Russia-Georgia Conflict; (4) The South Caucasus¿s External Security Context: Russian Involvement in the Region: Caspian Energy Resources; Roles of Turkey, Iran, and Others; (5) Obstacles to Peace and Independence: Nagorno Karabakh Conflict; Civil and Ethnic Conflict in Georgia; (6) U.S. Aid Overview; (7) U.S. Security Assistance; (8) U.S. Trade and Invest.: Building the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan and South Caucasus Pipelines; EU Concerns; Regional Energy Cooperation with Iran.
The Politics of International Interaction with de facto States by Eiki Berg,James Ker-Lindsay Pdf
This comprehensive volume is the first systematic effort to explore the ways in which recognised states and international organisations interact with secessionist ‘de facto states’, while maintaining the position that they are not regarded as independent sovereign actors in the international system. It is generally accepted by policy makers and scholars that some interaction with de facto states is vital, if only to promote a resolution of the underlying conflict that led to their decision to break away, and yet this policy of ‘engagement without recognition’ is not without complications and controversy. This book analyses the range of issues and problems that such interaction inevitably raises. The authors highlight fundamental questions of sovereignty, conflict management and resolution, settlement processes, foreign policy and statehood. This book will be of interest to policy makers, students and researchers of international relations. It was originally published as a special issue of the journal Ethnopolitics.
Negotiating Armenian-Azerbaijani Peace by Ohannes Geukjian Pdf
Conflict resolution, conflict management and conflict transformations are major themes in this unique book which examines, explores and analyses the mediation attempts of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. Ohannes Geukjian shows the most striking characteristic of a protracted internal conflict such as this is its asymmetry and explains that, without meeting basic human needs like identity, recognition, security and participation, resolving any protracted social conflict is very difficult. The Armenian Azerbaijani case demonstrates how official diplomacy may not be able to solve protracted internal conflicts as, without addressing the real causes of the problematic relationship, attempts at peace making will always be sporadic and the space for mutual understanding and compromise shrink. Geukjian shows that conflict transformation has a particular salience in asymmetric conflicts such as this where the goal is to transform unjust relationships and where a high degree of polarisation between the disputants has taken root. Using the Nagorno-Karabakh case, this book focuses on the anatomy and causes of deadlock in negotiations and highlights the many difficulties in achieving a breakthrough.
On September 27, 2020, regional clashes erupted following a provocative Armenian attack on the front line, leading to a reemergence of the dragged-out Karabakh conflict onto the world agenda. When the clashes first started, few could have guessed that this period would be known as the “Second Karabakh War” and that it would lead to key outcomes in a short time span. With the influence of various factors on the war, especially Turkey’s support, Azerbaijan liberated an important segment of its occupied lands, dealing a clear defeat to Armenia. This war is an important turning point in terms of reversing the status quo which had been attempted to be imposed on Azerbaijan for nearly 30 years. The status quo demonstrated that the Karabakh conflict, and hence Armenia’s occupation of Azerbaijani territories, was unsustainable. The current book conducts a comprehensive analysis of the Karabakh conflict, with contributions from field-expert academics and specialists from Azerbaijan and Turkey. While doing so, it addresses the significance of the Karabakh conflict, its historical background, the Second Karabakh War, and the Karabakh policies of third-party actors from a broad perspective.
Europe's Next Avoidable War by M. Kambeck,S. Ghazaryan Pdf
An international and interdisciplinary group of experts shed light upon the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict today, how it evolved and likely scenarios. Taking into account a changed political landscape, including the EU's new foreign policy instruments, they also make concrete policy proposals to make war less likely.
The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict. Which Role Does the Russian Federation Have in Preserving the Stalemate? by Simeon Ivanov Pdf
Bachelor Thesis from the year 2018 in the subject Politics - Topic: Peace and Conflict, Security, grade: 1,3, University of Frankfurt (Main) (Political Science), language: English, abstract: This longitudinal study at the intersection of conflict studies and international relations aims to analyse the motives of the Russian Federation and its role in the preservation of the current status-quo of the conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan over the Nagorno-Karabakh region. The main arguments of the thesis derive from international relations theories (realism in particular) and the results put emphasis on geopolitical and economic incentives. Moreover, the thesis pays attention to the background of the conflict, as well as the relations between the three states. The general results can help to analyse other conflict in which the Russian Federation is involved as a third party. The deep origins of the conflict can be traced to almost a century ago, when in 1921 (some sources suggest 1923 or 1924) the Soviet Union made Nagorno-Karabakh an autonomous region within the Azerbaijan Soviet Republic, although the majority of the population was Armenian. The first tensions arose during the 1970s and the Gorbachev`s policies of perestroika and glasnost during the late 1980s gave extra momentum of the Karabakh-Armenians` movement, which desire was to unite with the Armenian SSR. The demand of the parliament of Nagorno-Karabakh to unify with Armenia in February 1988 sparked Azerbaijani aggression and in result, inter-ethnic violence sharpened and militia groups in both republics started ethnic cleansings. The conflict erupted in August 1990, when Armenia declared its independence from the Soviet Union, claiming the Nagorno-Karabakh region as its territory. In response, Azeri and Soviet troops tried to disarm Armenian militias in the region, which was accompanied by skirmishers along the Azeri-Armenian border and within the secessionist entity. However, in September 1991 Nagorno-Karabakh declared its own independence, fully supported by Armenia, whereas Azerbaijan proclaimed direct presidential rule over the secessionist entity. The all-out war started with the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991 and the official independence of Armenia and Azerbaijan and lasted until May 1994, when a Russian brokered ceasefire was signed. However, over the next years fighting occurred periodically, despite the agreement, the diplomatic efforts and the meetings between the Azerbaijani and Armenian presidents.
The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict by Fariz Ismailzade Pdf
As Azerbaijan and Armenia celebrate the 20th anniversary of independence from the Soviet Union, both countries find themselves trapped in a decades-long territorial dispute over Nagorno-Karabakh, an internationally recognized territory of Azerbaijan, populated mostly by ethnic Armenians. Mediation efforts by the OSCE's Minsk Group have failed to produce a breakthrough so far. The political leadership of both countries is unwilling and unable to make painful concessions, fearing opposition from domestic public opinion and the Diaspora abroad. As the arms race in the region accelerates, there is little hope for peace in the near future. The upcoming presidential and parliamentary elections in Armenia and Azerbaijan will leave little room for political maneuvre. Meanwhile, growing frustration among both nations might lead to the outbreak of war and thus put the socio-economic development of the region and energy projects at great risk.
Ethnicity, Nationalism and Conflict in the South Caucasus by Ohannes Geukjian Pdf
This book examines the underlying factors of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict in the South Caucasus from 1905 to 1994, and explores the ways in which issues of ethnicity and nationalism contributed to that conflict. The author examines the historiography and politics of the conflict, and the historical, territorial and ethnic dimensions which contributed to the dynamics of the war. The impact of Soviet policies and structures are also included, pinpointing how they contributed to the development of nationalism and the maintenance of national identities. The book firstly explores the historical development of the Armenian and Azerbaijani national identities and the overlapping claims to the territory of Nagorno-Karabakh. The author goes on to assess the historical link between ethnicity and territorial location as sources of ethnic identification and conflict. He examines how identity differences shaped the relationsa between Armenians and Azerbaijanis during the different phases of conflict and presents a detailed historical account of Soviet nationalities policy and ethno-territorial federalism - the basis of which ethnic relations were conducted between governing and minority nations in the south Caucasus. This invaluable book offers students and scholars of post-Soviet politics and society a unique insight into the causes and consequences of this long-standing conflict.
