The Invention Of The Underclass

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The Invention of the 'Underclass'

Loïc Wacquant
The Invention of the Underclass Book PDF

Author : Loïc Wacquant
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 193 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2022-01-28
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781509552191

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The Invention of the 'Underclass' by Loïc Wacquant Pdf

At century’s close, American social scientists, policy analysts, philanthropists and politicians became obsessed with a fearsome and mysterious new group said to be ravaging the ghetto: the urban “underclass.” Soon the scarecrow category and its demonic imagery were exported to the United Kingdom and continental Europe and agitated the international study of exclusion in the postindustrial metropolis. In this punchy book, Loïc Wacquant retraces the invention and metamorphoses of this racialized folk devil, from the structural conception of Swedish economist Gunnar Myrdal to the behavioral notion of Washington think-tank experts to the neo-ecological formulation of sociologist William Julius Wilson. He uncovers the springs of the sudden irruption, accelerated circulation, and abrupt evaporation of the “underclass” from public debate, and reflects on the implications for the social epistemology of urban marginality. What accounts for the “lemming effect” that drew a generation of scholars of race and poverty over a scientific cliff? What are the conditions for the formation and bursting of “conceptual speculative bubbles”? What is the role of think tanks, journalism, and politics in imposing “turnkey problematics” upon social researchers? What are the special quandaries posed by the naming of dispossessed and dishonored populations in scientific discourse and how can we reformulate the explosive question of “race” to avoid these troubles? Answering these questions constitutes an exacting exercise in epistemic reflexivity in the tradition of Bachelard, Canguilhem and Bourdieu, and it issues in a clarion call for social scientists to defend their intellectual autonomy against the encroachments of outside powers, be they state officials, the media, think tanks, or philanthropic organizations. Compact, meticulous and forcefully argued, this study in the politics of social science knowledge will be of great interest to students and scholars in sociology, anthropology, urban studies, ethnic studies, geography, intellectual history, the philosophy of science and public policy.

American Apartheid

Douglas S. Massey,Nancy A. Denton
American Apartheid Book PDF

Author : Douglas S. Massey,Nancy A. Denton
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : History
ISBN : 0674018214

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American Apartheid by Douglas S. Massey,Nancy A. Denton Pdf

This powerful and disturbing book clearly links persistent poverty among blacks in the United States to the unparalleled degree of deliberate segregation they experience in American cities. American Apartheid shows how the black ghetto was created by whites during the first half of the twentieth century in order to isolate growing urban black populations. It goes on to show that, despite the Fair Housing Act of 1968, segregation is perpetuated today through an interlocking set of individual actions, institutional practices, and governmental policies. In some urban areas the degree of black segregation is so intense and occurs in so many dimensions simultaneously that it amounts to "hypersegregation." The authors demonstrate that this systematic segregation of African Americans leads inexorably to the creation of underclass communities during periods of economic downturn. Under conditions of extreme segregation, any increase in the overall rate of black poverty yields a marked increase in the geographic concentration of indigence and the deterioration of social and economic conditions in black communities. As ghetto residents adapt to this increasingly harsh environment under a climate of racial isolation, they evolve attitudes, behaviors, and practices that further marginalize their neighborhoods and undermine their chances of success in mainstream American society. This book is a sober challenge to those who argue that race is of declining significance in the United States today.

Another America

Kofi Buenor Hadjor
Another America Book PDF

Author : Kofi Buenor Hadjor
Publisher : South End Press
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : African Americans
ISBN : 0896085155

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Another America by Kofi Buenor Hadjor Pdf

Born in the flames of the Los Angeles rebellion, Another America, is a fiery collection of trenchant essays on race, class, and politics. Provocative and compelling, Kofi Buenor Hadjor's work argues that racial issues are often camouflaged in neoconservative debates and policy proposals about crime, welfare, poverty, and family values. The U.S. government's ongoing war on the underclass, the assaults on affirmative action, the myth of reverse discrimination, the so-called war on drugs give weight to Hadjor's theory that African Americans are being blamed for their plight in a society where racism remains an integral part of all institutions.

White Trash

Nancy Isenberg
White Trash Book PDF

Author : Nancy Isenberg
Publisher : Penguin
Page : 482 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2016-06-21
Category : History
ISBN : 9781101608487

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White Trash by Nancy Isenberg Pdf

The New York Times bestseller A New York Times Notable and Critics’ Top Book of 2016 Longlisted for the PEN/John Kenneth Galbraith Award for Nonfiction One of NPR's 10 Best Books Of 2016 Faced Tough Topics Head On NPR's Book Concierge Guide To 2016’s Great Reads San Francisco Chronicle's Best of 2016: 100 recommended books A Washington Post Notable Nonfiction Book of 2016 Globe & Mail 100 Best of 2016 “Formidable and truth-dealing . . . necessary.” —The New York Times “This eye-opening investigation into our country’s entrenched social hierarchy is acutely relevant.” —O Magazine In her groundbreaking bestselling history of the class system in America, Nancy Isenberg upends history as we know it by taking on our comforting myths about equality and uncovering the crucial legacy of the ever-present, always embarrassing—if occasionally entertaining—poor white trash. “When you turn an election into a three-ring circus, there’s always a chance that the dancing bear will win,” says Isenberg of the political climate surrounding Sarah Palin. And we recognize how right she is today. Yet the voters who boosted Trump all the way to the White House have been a permanent part of our American fabric, argues Isenberg. The wretched and landless poor have existed from the time of the earliest British colonial settlement to today's hillbillies. They were alternately known as “waste people,” “offals,” “rubbish,” “lazy lubbers,” and “crackers.” By the 1850s, the downtrodden included so-called “clay eaters” and “sandhillers,” known for prematurely aged children distinguished by their yellowish skin, ragged clothing, and listless minds. Surveying political rhetoric and policy, popular literature and scientific theories over four hundred years, Isenberg upends assumptions about America’s supposedly class-free society––where liberty and hard work were meant to ensure real social mobility. Poor whites were central to the rise of the Republican Party in the early nineteenth century, and the Civil War itself was fought over class issues nearly as much as it was fought over slavery. Reconstruction pitted poor white trash against newly freed slaves, which factored in the rise of eugenics–-a widely popular movement embraced by Theodore Roosevelt that targeted poor whites for sterilization. These poor were at the heart of New Deal reforms and LBJ’s Great Society; they haunt us in reality TV shows like Here Comes Honey Boo Boo and Duck Dynasty. Marginalized as a class, white trash have always been at or near the center of major political debates over the character of the American identity. We acknowledge racial injustice as an ugly stain on our nation’s history. With Isenberg’s landmark book, we will have to face the truth about the enduring, malevolent nature of class as well.

The Underclass

Ken Auletta
The Underclass Book PDF

Author : Ken Auletta
Publisher : Open Road Media
Page : 437 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2023-12-05
Category : History
ISBN : 9781504093576

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The Underclass by Ken Auletta Pdf

The acclaimed author and New Yorker columnist delves into the core of American poverty in the early 1980s: “Invaluable.” —The Washington Post First appearing as a three-part series in the New Yorker, Ken Auletta’s The Underclass provides an enlightening look at the lives of addicts, dropouts, ex-convicts, welfare recipients, and individuals experiencing homelessness. Auletta’s investigation began with a seemingly simple goal: to find out who exactly makes up the poorest of the poor, and to trace the many paths that took them there. As the author follows 250 hardened members of this “underclass,” he focuses on efforts to help them reconstruct their lives and find a functional place in mainstream society. Through the lives of the men and women he encounters, Auletta discovers the complex truths that have made hard-core poverty in America such an intractable problem. In a nation where poverty and welfare rolls are declining but the underclass persists, the United States is as conflicted as ever about its responsibilities toward all its people. With his empathy, insight, and expert reportage, Auletta’s The Underclass remains as pertinent as ever.

The Truly Disadvantaged

William Julius Wilson
The Truly Disadvantaged Book PDF

Author : William Julius Wilson
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 331 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2012-06-29
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780226924656

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The Truly Disadvantaged by William Julius Wilson Pdf

An assessment of the relationship between race and poverty in the United States, and potential solutions for the issue. Renowned American sociologist William Julius Wilson takes a look at the social transformation of inner-city ghettos, offering a sharp evaluation of the convergence of race and poverty. Rejecting both conservative and liberal interpretations of life in the inner city, Wilson offers essential information and several solutions to policymakers. The Truly Disadvantaged is a wide-ranging examination, looking at the relationship between race, employment, and education from the 1950s onwards, with surprising and provocative findings. This second edition also includes a new afterword from Wilson himself that brings the book up to date and offers fresh insight into its findings. Praise for The Truly Disadvantaged “The Truly Disadvantaged should spur critical thinking in many quarters about the causes and possible remedies for inner city poverty. As policymakers grapple with the problems of an enlarged underclass they—as well as community leaders and all concerned Americans of all races—would be advised to examine Mr. Wilson’s incisive analysis.” —Robert Greenstein, New York Times Book Review “The Truly Disadvantaged not only assembles a vast array of data gleamed from the works of specialists, it offers much new information and analysis. Wilson has asked the hard questions, he has done his homework, and he has dared to speak unpopular truths.” —Los Angeles Times Book Review “Required reading for anyone, presidential candidate or private citizen, who really wants to address the growing plight of the black urban underclass.” —David J. Garrow, Washington Post Book World

Life at the Bottom

Theodore Dalrymple
Life at the Bottom Book PDF

Author : Theodore Dalrymple
Publisher : Ivan R. Dee
Page : 283 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2003-03-08
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781615780198

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Life at the Bottom by Theodore Dalrymple Pdf

A searing account of life in the underclass and why it persists as it does, written by a British psychiatrist.

Platforms and Cultural Production

Thomas Poell,David B. Nieborg,Brooke Erin Duffy
Platforms and Cultural Production Book PDF

Author : Thomas Poell,David B. Nieborg,Brooke Erin Duffy
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2021-10-14
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781509540525

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Platforms and Cultural Production by Thomas Poell,David B. Nieborg,Brooke Erin Duffy Pdf

The widespread uptake of digital platforms – from YouTube and Instagram to Twitch and TikTok – is reconfiguring cultural production in profound, complex, and highly uneven ways. Longstanding media industries are experiencing tremendous upheaval, while new industrial formations – live-streaming, social media influencing, and podcasting, among others – are evolving at breakneck speed. Poell, Nieborg, and Duffy explore both the processes and the implications of platformization across the cultural industries, identifying key changes in markets, infrastructures, and governance at play in this ongoing transformation, as well as pivotal shifts in the practices of labor, creativity, and democracy. The authors foreground three particular industries – news, gaming, and social media creation – and also draw upon examples from music, advertising, and more. Diverse in its geographic scope, Platforms and Cultural Production builds on the latest research and accounts from across North America, Western Europe, Southeast Asia, and China to reveal crucial differences and surprising parallels in the trajectories of platformization across the globe. Offering a novel conceptual framework grounded in illuminating case studies, this book is essential for students, scholars, policymakers, and practitioners seeking to understand how the institutions and practices of cultural production are transforming – and what the stakes are for understanding platform power.

The War Against The Poor

Herbert J. Gans
The War Against The Poor Book PDF

Author : Herbert J. Gans
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Political Science
ISBN : UOM:39015034885478

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The War Against The Poor by Herbert J. Gans Pdf

For most of its history, America has been fighting a vicious war that cannot be won: a war against its poor. Herbert J. Gans argues that by withholding the opportunity for decent jobs and incomes, we are also killing the spirit of an already large portion of the population. And, he warns, as more well-paying and secure jobs disappear from the American economy, a growing number of workers will join its ranks. The book ends with an imaginative set of economic policy ideas for a twenty-first-century America that may never again be able to supply enough decent jobs for everyone.

Living by the Sword

Muhammed Asadi
Living by the Sword Book PDF

Author : Muhammed Asadi
Publisher : Lulu.com
Page : 156 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2005-08-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781411612617

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Living by the Sword by Muhammed Asadi Pdf

By placing facts within their institutional context, this book uncovers the intricate connections between the military/economic alliance in America and the resulting globalization of poverty. Using the depth of the sociological imagination, the author provides a picture of reality that is often overlooked by journalists and commentators who routinely report facts detached from their sociological roots. "M. Asadi's essay on the United States war in Iraq is both passionate in its commitment to human rights and rich in its use of data. It draws skillfully on C. Wright Mills and other scholars to paint a devastating portrait of the war, but also to reflect profoundly on the policies of the United States and their human consequences all over the world." Howard Zinn Author of, A PEOPLE'S HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES Nominated for the, C. Wright Mills Award of the Society for the Study of Social Problems.

Underclass

John Welshman
Underclass Book PDF

Author : John Welshman
Publisher : A&C Black
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2013-10-10
Category : History
ISBN : 9781472504982

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Underclass by John Welshman Pdf

Who are those at the bottom of society? There has been much discussion in recent years, on both Left and Right, about the existence of an alleged 'underclass' in both Britain and the USA. It has been claimed this group lives outside the mainstream of society, is characterised by crime, suffers from long-term unemployment and single parenthood, and is alienated from its core values. John Welshman shows that there have always been concerns about an 'underclass', whether constructed as the 'social residuum' of the 1880s, the 'problem family' of the 1950s or the 'cycle of deprivation' of the 1970s. There are marked differences between these concepts, but also striking continuities. Indeed a concern with an 'underclass' has in many ways existed as long as an interest in poverty itself. This book is the first to look systematically at the question, providing new insights into contemporary debates about behaviour, poverty and welfare reform. This new edition of the pioneering text has been updated throughout and includes brand new chapters on 'Problem Families' and New Labour as well as 'Troubled Families' and the Coalition Government. It is a seminal work for anyone interested in the social history of Britain and the Welfare State.

Revolting Subjects

Imogen Tyler
Revolting Subjects Book PDF

Author : Imogen Tyler
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 266 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2013-04-11
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781848138537

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Revolting Subjects by Imogen Tyler Pdf

Revolting Subjects is a groundbreaking account of social abjection in contemporary Britain, exploring how particular groups of people are figured as revolting and how they in turn revolt against their abject subjectification. The book utilizes a number of high-profile and in-depth case studies - including 'chavs', asylum seekers, Gypsies and Travellers, and the 2011 London riots - to examine the ways in which individuals negotiate restrictive neoliberal ideologies of selfhood. In doing so, Tyler argues for a deeper psychosocial understanding of the role of representational forms in producing marginality, social exclusion and injustice, whilst also detailing how stigmatization and scapegoating are resisted through a variety of aesthetic and political strategies. Imaginative and original, Revolting Subjects introduces a range of new insights into neoliberal societies, and will be essential reading for those concerned about widening inequalities, growing social unrest and social justice in the wider global context.

Dangerous Classes

Lydia Morris
Dangerous Classes Book PDF

Author : Lydia Morris
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2002-03-11
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781134943159

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Dangerous Classes by Lydia Morris Pdf

First published in 2002. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

The Invented Indian

James A. Clifton
The Invented Indian Book PDF

Author : James A. Clifton
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 388 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2017-09-04
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781351480666

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The Invented Indian by James A. Clifton Pdf

This is an explosive collection of essays, written by leading scholars of North American Indians, most of them heavily involved in service and applied work, often on behalf of Indian clients, communities, and organizations. In an area saturated with deadening, consciously politicized orthodoxy, these seventeen essays aim at nothing less than the reconstruction of our understanding of the American Indian-past and presentThe volume examines in careful, accurate but uncompromising ways the recent construction of the prevailing conventional story-line about ""America's most favored underclass."" The first eight essays introduce the volume and treat a variety of specific invented traditions concerning Indians. These are followed by four essays on broader, thematic issues related to the demographic, religious, cultural, and kinship elements in Indian studies. The final five chapters express a comparative perspective: from Anglo and French Canada, Europe, from inside the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and from a legal position.The Invented Indian explores how cultural fictions promote divisiveness and translate into policy. Throughout, the volume reveals a deep and abiding respect for Indians, their histories, and their cultures, saving its critiques for jaundiced academics and callow politicians. Representing years of cooperative effort, this work brings together a group providing breadth and balance. Far more than a critical collection, it is a constructive effort to make sense of a field displaying empirical confusions and moral muddles. The volume will be of interest to anthropologists, professionals in Indian studies, and policymakers.

Charles Murray and the Underclass

Charles Murray
Charles Murray and the Underclass Book PDF

Author : Charles Murray
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2000-05-31
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1903386926

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Charles Murray and the Underclass by Charles Murray Pdf

Charles Murray is one of America's most respected social policy analysts. His ideas about the underclass, outlined in his classic Losing Ground, have entered the mainstream of the debate about poverty. Murray's thesis, that the underclass represents not a degree of poverty but a type of poverty, characterised by deviant attitudes towards parenting, work and crime, has been explosively controversial. It has also become more difficult to resist, as the deterioration of the social fabric has become increasingly obvious. British and US situations. In his article, subsequently published by the IEA as The Emerging British Underclass, Murray described himself as a 'visitor from a plague area come to see whether the disease is spreading'. In 1993 he returned to check on its progress, and the resulting article, also for The Sunday Times, was published with commentaries by critics of Murray's thesis, thus presenting the reader with a range of views on the issue. schools and universities, has led to the present omnibus edition which contains all of the original material from both volumes, together with a new introduction by Ruth Lister of Loughborough University and an update of the statistics by Alan Buckingham of the University of Sussex. Community Care.