The Islamic Republic Of Afghanistan

Author : Asta Olesen
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 367 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Afghanistan
ISBN : 9780700702992

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Islam and Politics in Afghanistan by Asta Olesen Pdf

The years 1978 and 1979 were dramatic throughout south and western Asia. In Iran, the Pahlavi dynasty was toppled by an Islamic revolution. In Pakistan, Zulfigar Ali Bhutto was hanged by the military regime that toppled him and which then proceeded to implement an Islamization programme. Between the two lay Afghanistan whose "Saur Revolution" of April 1978 soon developed into a full scale civil war and Soviet intervention. The military struggle that followed was largely influenced by Soviet-US rivalry but the ideological struggle followed a dynamic of its own. Drawing on a wide range of sources, including such previously unused archival material as British Intelligence reports, this is a detailed study of the Afghan debate on the role of Islam in politics from the formation of the modern Afghan state around 1800 to the present day.

Author : International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 51 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2016-05-13
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484351352

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Islamic Republic of Afghanistan by International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept. Pdf

This paper discusses economic developments, outlooks, and risks in Afghanistan. The economy is in difficultly. Deepening uncertainty about the political transition following the 2014 presidential election, corruption and weak governance, and a weakening security environment have complicated the implementation of reforms, undermined confidence and economic activity, and contributed to increased emigration. The overall budget had a deficit in 2015 as a shortfall in grants more than offset higher-than-projected revenue and lower spending. The trade deficit remained large, but substantial inflows of foreign aid kept the current account in surplus. The financial sector remains fragile and plays a limited intermediation role.

Author : Government of Afghanistan
Publisher : Good Press
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2021-04-11
Category : History
ISBN : EAN:4064066454982

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Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan by Government of Afghanistan Pdf

Afghanistan's constitution was approved by consensus on January 4, 2004, and President Hamid Karzai acceded to it in Kabul on January 26, 2004. The norms of adherence to the tenets of Islam's holy religion, as well as Islamic constitutionalism, shall not be altered. Modifying people's fundamental rights is only allowed to improve them. Articles 149 and 150 of the Constitution cover the duties and obligations of the legislative organ in amending other articles of the Constitution. It is made up of a preamble and 162 articles organized into 12 chapters. Chapter I: State; Chapter II: Fundamental Rights and Duties of Citizens; Chapter III: The President; Chapter IV: Government; Chapter V: National Assembly; Chapter VI: Loya Jirga; Chapter VII: The Judiciary; Chapter VIII: Administration; Chapter IX: State of Emergency; Chapter X: Amendments; Chapter XI: Miscellaneous Provisions; Chapter XII: Transitional Provisions.

Author : International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 112 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2015-12-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513592817

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Islamic Republic of Afghanistan by International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept. Pdf

This 2015 Article IV Consultation highlights that Afghanistan remains a poor fragile state that is far from self-reliance. Significant fiscal and banking vulnerabilities emerged in 2014. Domestic revenue collection fell below its 2013 level because of lower growth, declining imports, and lower compliance, while operating expenditure increased. The treasury cash balance fell to dangerously low levels in the second half of 2014, and domestic payment arrears and unfunded allotments emerged. The future path of the economy is highly dependent on the authorities’ delivering on their economic reform commitments, continued donor support, and improvements in security.

Author : International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 29 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2017-12-14
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484332917

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Islamic Republic of Afghanistan by International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept. Pdf

This paper presents estimates of the fiscal revenue cost of conflict in Afghanistan, defined as the loss of government domestic revenue due to conflict. The loss of government revenue is an important component of the humanitarian costs of conflict. In Afghanistan, almost all security spending is funded by foreign grants, which will most likely be scaled back gradually in the event of peace. Hence, any fiscal peace dividend is likely to come principally from increased revenues, as reduced security spending will be mostly offset by reduced grants. Nevertheless, size and the statistical significance of the results suggest that the order of magnitude of the estimate, around $1 billion, is robust. By way of counterfactual, these results imply a sizeable potential fiscal dividend for Afghanistan should peace, or at least a significant reduction in violence, materialize. Several country-specific factors, including conflict and a landlocked geography, have held back an expansion in Afghanistan’s trade which could increase the country’s economic resilience. Improving its external connectivity is a key factor to unlocking its trade potential including leveraging its natural resources.

Author : Antonio Giustozzi
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2018-08-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781787380950

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The Islamic State in Khorasan by Antonio Giustozzi Pdf

So-called Islamic State began to appear in what it calls Khorasan (Afghanistan, Pakistan, Central Asia, Iran and India) in 2014. Reports of its presence were at first dismissed as propaganda, but during 2015 it became clear that IS had a serious presence in Afghanistan and Pakistan at least. This book, by one of the leading experts on Islamist insurgency in the region, explores the nature of IS in Khorasan, its aim and strategies, and its evolution in an environment already populated by many jihadist organisations. Based on first-hand research and numerous interviews with members of IS in Khorasan, as well as with other participants and observers, the book addresses highly contentious issues such as funding, IS's relationship with the region's authorities, and its interactions with other insurgent groups. Giustozzi argues that the central leadership of IS invested significant financial resources in establishing its own branch in Khorasan, and as such it is more than a local movement which adopted the IS brand for its own aims. Though the central leadership has been struggling in implementing its project, it is now turning towards a more realistic approach. This is the first book on a new frontier in Islamic State's international jihad.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Afghanistan
ISBN : OCLC:61355609

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Islamic Republic of Afghanistan by Anonim Pdf

Author : International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 44 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2020-05-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513542591

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Islamic Republic of Afghanistan by International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept. Pdf

This paper discusses Islamic Republic of Afghanistan’s Request for Disbursement Under the Rapid Credit Facility. The disbursement will help meet the urgent fiscal and balance of payments needs stemming from the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, catalyze donor support, and shore up confidence. The pandemic is inflicting heavy damage on Afghanistan’s economy, which is expected to contract sharply in 2020, imperiling the livelihood of a significant segment of the population. The authorities are taking emergency measures to contain the pandemic and its immediate social and economic impact. Substantial donor financing is urgently needed to help Afghanistan cover these fiscal and external financing needs which could increase further if the pandemic and its economic impact intensify. Beyond the immediate response, the authorities are committed to safeguarding macroeconomic stability and promoting inclusive growth. The central bank continues to focus on price stability. The IMF stands ready to assist Afghanistan as it battles the pandemic and to support its economic reforms going forward.

Author : International Monetary,International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 104 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2021-06-28
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513587202

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Islamic Republic of Afghanistan: First Review Under the Under the Extended Credit Facility Arrangement and Request for Modification of Performance Criteria-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Islamic Republic of Afghanistan by International Monetary,International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept. Pdf

Afghanistan is confronting the Covid-19 pandemic and its socioeconomic fallout amid rising insecurity. Supported by donors, the authorities boosted health and social spending to cushion the pandemic’s impact on the vulnerable. Policy measures kept the output contraction to 2 percent in 2020, but poverty rose and the fiscal deficit widened. Political uncertainty has risen as the peace talks between the government and Taliban stalled and the U.S., NATO, and allies announced the withdrawal of their troops by September. In a strong sign of support for Afghanistan’s development and reforms, donors pledged some US$12 billion civilian grants over 2021–24 at the Geneva conference in November 2020.

Author : International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 76 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2015-06-02
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513508962

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Islamic Republic of Afghanistan by International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept. Pdf

This paper discusses the main features of the Staff-Monitored Program (SMP) for Afghanistan. The SMP is designed to support the authorities’ reform agenda with a framework to address economic vulnerabilities and facilitate engagement with the international community to sustain donor support. The SMP will foster continued close engagement with Afghanistan, address immediate fiscal and banking vulnerabilities, and help manage risks. The SMP will also preserve buffers, maintain low inflation and competitiveness, and lay the basis for high and inclusive growth. Under the SMP, fiscal policy will focus on mobilizing domestic budget revenue to finance projected expenditure and rebuild the treasury’s cash balance.

Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 4 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2010-06-17
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781455204694

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Islamic Republic of Afghanistan by International Monetary Fund Pdf

The arrangement, for SDR 81 million (50 percent of quota), was approved on June 26, 2006. The Executive Board extended the arrangement until March 31, 2010, and rephased remaining disbursements to allow for a review. The authorities intend to frame the new homegrown program within a wider development agenda that they will announce at a donor conference in Kabul on July 20. The revenue target was exceeded by a large margin, yielding an increase in the tax-to-GDP ratio from 6.9 percent in 2008/09 to 8.9 percent in 2009/10.

Author : International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 93 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2018-12-11
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484389560

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Islamic Republic of Afghanistan by International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept. Pdf

Background: The three-year arrangement under the Extended Credit Facility (ECF) for SDR 32.38 million (US$44.9 million, or 10 percent of quota) was approved on July 20, 2016. The first three reviews under the ECF were completed in May 2017, December 2017, and May 2018. The arrangement supports the government’s reform agenda—as outlined in the Afghanistan National Peace and Development Framework (ANPDF)—to lay the foundation for higher growth and job creation and aims to catalyze continued support from donors. Context: Violence swelled ahead of and during the October 20 parliamentary elections, but voter turnout was relatively strong despite severe operational challenges. Peace efforts have intensified, with the participation of the United States and regional powers. The poor security situation and electoral year uncertainties are undermining confidence and growth, and present risks to program implementation. A key focal point for this year is the Geneva Ministerial Conference on Afghanistan taking place on November 27–28, 2018. The conference aims to review reform progress, showcase the National Unity Government’s achievements, and secure continued donor support.

Author : International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 83 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2019-06-10
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781498318815

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Islamic Republic of Afghanistan by International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept. Pdf

This paper discusses Afghanistan’s Fifth Review under the Extended Credit Facility (ECF) Arrangement and Request for Modification of Performance Criteria. The paper highlights that in the face of many headwinds, Afghanistan’s government continues to demonstrate strong ownership of the program supported by the ECF arrangement. The economic outlook is clouded by numerous uncertainties; however, ongoing peace negotiations offer hope for a much-needed improvement in the security situation. The security situation remains strained, but the US-Taliban peace negotiations have improved prospects for a political settlement. External financing should continue to rely on grants and concessional funding. Any scaling up of externally financed public investment should be gradual and preceded by an assessment of macro-fiscal implications and strengthened debt management. Continued reforms remain key to achieving higher and more inclusive growth. Reforms in support of fiscal sustainability, institution building, anti-corruption efforts, and financial stability should continue.

Author : Alireza Nader,Ali G. Scotten,Ahmad Idrees Rahmani,Robert Stewart,Leila Mahnad
Publisher : Rand Corporation
Page : 71 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2014-06-11
Category : History
ISBN : 9780833085948

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Iran’s Influence in Afghanistan by Alireza Nader,Ali G. Scotten,Ahmad Idrees Rahmani,Robert Stewart,Leila Mahnad Pdf

This study explores Iranian influence in Afghanistan and the implications for the United States after most U.S. forces depart Afghanistan in 2016. Iran has substantial economic, political, cultural, and religious leverage in Afghanistan. Although Iran will attempt to shape a post-2014 Afghanistan, Iran and the United States share core interests: to prevent the country from again becoming dominated by the Taliban and a safe haven for al Qaeda.

Author : International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Publisher : INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
Page : 103 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2020-11-13
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 151356112X

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Islamic Republic of Afghanistan by International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept. Pdf

The COVID-19 pandemic has inflicted a heavy economic and social toll, amplifying the challenges of the armed conflict and fragility. Activity contracted sharply, and new external and fiscal financing needs emerged since the approval of the Rapid Credit Facility disbursement. President Ghani and Mr. Abdullah resolved the contested 2019 presidential election in mid-May, and peace negotiations between the government and Taliban started in September. The authorities are seeking renewed support from the international community for Afghanistan’s development and reforms. Donors remain committed but encourage reform implementation and combatting corruption. Aid is likely to decline in the medium term underscoring the need to advance to self-reliance.