The Last Kings Of Macedonia And The Triumph Of Rome
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The Last Kings of Macedonia and the Triumph of Rome by Ian Worthington Pdf
In the history of ancient Macedonia, the last three Antigonid kings--Philip V (r. 221-179), his son Perseus (r. 179-168), and the pretender Andriscus or Philip VI (r. 149-148)--are commonly overlooked in favor of their predecessors Philip II (r. 359-336) and his son Alexander the Great (r. 336-323), who established a Macedonian empire. By the time Philip V became king, Macedonia was no longer an imperial power and Rome was fast spreading its dominance over the Mediterranean. Viewed as postscripts to the kingdom's heyday, the last Macedonian kings are often denounced for self-serving ambitions, flawed policies, and questionable personal qualities by hostile ancient writers. They are condemned for defeats by Rome that saw both the end of the monarchy and the fall of the formidable Macedonian phalanx before the Roman legion. In The Last Kings of Macedonia and the Triumph of Rome, Ian Worthington reassesses these three kings and demonstrates how such denunciations are inaccurate. Producing the first full-scale treatment of Philip V in eighty years and the first in English of Perseus and Andriscus in more than fifty, Worthington argues that this period was far from a postscript to Macedonia's Classical greatness and disagrees that the last Antigonid kings were merely collateral damage in Rome's ascendancy in the east. Despite superior Roman manpower and resources, Philip and Perseus often had the upper hand in their wars against Rome. As Worthington asserts, these kings deserve to be remembered for striving to preserve their kingdom's independence against staggering odds.
A major new history of Athens' remarkably long and influential life after the collapse of its empire To many the history of post-Classical Athens is one of decline. True, Athens hardly commanded the number of allies it had when hegemon of its fifth-century Delian League or even its fourth-century Naval Confederacy, and its navy was but a shadow of its former self. But Athens recovered from its perilous position in the closing quarter of the fourth century and became once again a player in Greek affairs, even during the Roman occupation. Athenian democracy survived and evolved, even through its dealings with Hellenistic Kings, its military clashes with Macedonia, and its alliance with Rome. Famous Romans, including Julius Caesar and Mark Antony, saw Athens as much more than an isolated center for philosophy. Athens After Empire offers a new narrative history of post-Classical Athens, extending the period down to the aftermath of Hadrian's reign.
Rome and the Third Macedonian War by Paul J. Burton Pdf
This is the first full-length study of the final war between Rome and the ancient Macedonian monarchy and its last king, Perseus. The Roman victory at the Battle of Pydna in June 168 BC was followed by the abolition of the kingdom of Macedon - the cradle of Philip II, Alexander the Great, and the Antigonid monarchs who followed. The first historian of Rome's rise to world power, and a contemporary of the war, Polybius of Megalopolis, recognized the significance of these events in making Rome an almost global power beyond compare - a sole superpower, in other words. Yet Roman authority did not lack challenges from lesser states and insurgents in the decades that followed. The book's meticulous documentation, close analysis, and engagement in scholarly controversy will appeal to academics and students, while general readers will appreciate its brisk narrative style and pacing.
Macedonia and the Macedonians by Andrew Rossos Pdf
Throughout history, every power that has aspired to dominate the Balkans, a crucial crossroads between Europe, Asia, and Africa, has sought to control Macedonia. But although Macedonia has figured prominently in history, its name was largely absent from the historical stage, representing only a disputed territory of indeterminate boundaries, until the nineteenth century. Successive invaders— Roman, Gothic, Hun, Slav, Ottoman— passed through or subjugated the area and incorporated it into their respective dynastic or territorial empires. This detailed volume surveys the history of Macedonia from 600 BC to the present day, with an emphasis on the past two centuries. It reveals how the "Macedonian question" has long dominated Balkan politics and how, for nearly two centuries, it was the central issue dividing Balkan peoples, as neighboring nations struggled for possession of Macedonia and denied any distinct Macedonian identity— territorial, political, ethnic, or national. The author concludes that Balkan acceptance of a Macedonian identity, nation, and state has become a necessity for stability in the Balkans and in a united Europe.
Ancient Macedonia by Charles River Charles River Editors Pdf
*Includes pictures *Includes ancient accounts *Includes online resources and a bibliography for further reading "There is nothing impossible to him that will but try." - Alexander the Great The role of Macedonia and the Macedonians in the ancient world is apparent to those with even a cursory knowledge of the period. After all, Alexander the Great and his father, Philip II, were both Macedonians, and most know at least a little about their violent struggles to conquer Greece and the Near East. However, Macedonian history began long before Philip II and Alexander III and continued for some time after they were gone. Thus, in many ways, the historical memory of Macedonia and the Macedonians is the victim of historical myopia which is, in part, the result of popular entertainment. Alexander the Great makes for great fiction, so the more "tedious" aspects of Macedonian culture are often overlooked. An examination of ancient Macedonian culture, from its earliest known references to the arrival of the Romans, reveals that the Greeks' northern neighbors played an integral role in the development of Hellenic civilization. Although many of the traditional Greeks may not have considered the Macedonians to be fellow Hellenes at first, they were forced to accept them due to the Macedonian's superior military strength. By the time Alexander the Great had led his army across the Persian Empire, he and his fellow Macedonians had been, for the most part, accepted as Greeks by most other Greeks, but it was a long process. As the Athenians developed their government and philosophies, the Macedonians dedicated themselves to the art of war. Because of this, ancient Macedonia was, in many ways, a stark contrast to the republics and democracies of classical Greece. The Macedonian government was a traditional monarchy where only the strongest of the kings were able to survive assassination attempts and palace coups. The Macedonian kings were also expected to lead their armies into war, which they did almost continuously. Eventually, Macedonian culture slowly began to adopt many of their southern neighbors' attributes, and likewise, the Greek city-states came to see the Macedonians as less barbarian and more Greek. By the time the Romans had conquered Greece in the 2nd century BCE, Macedonia had been viewed by most Greeks and nearly all Romans as nothing more than the northern reaches of Greece. More importantly, the Macedonians were arguably the most responsible for spreading Hellenism across the world than even the Greeks and Romans. When Alexander died at the age of 32, he had made himself the most powerful man in the world, and his dominions stretched from the Punjab to modern Albania, making him one of the most successful conquerors in history. Alexander and his successors Hellenized as far as they reached, from Egypt to Persia and parts of Asia Minor, and their influence is still readily visible. Anthropologists have found that some of the earliest Buddha statues constructed in India bear an uncanny resemblance to Greek depictions of Apollo. Further west, much of Alexander's old empire was eventually conquered in the following centuries by Rome, including Ptolemaic Egypt, but instead of ending the Hellenistic culture, the Roman Empire further reinforced it. Having conquered Greece itself around 100 BCE, the Roman Empire heavily assimilated the Greeks' culture into its own. Latin was an offshoot of the Greeks' language, the Romans' mythology was nearly identical, and Roman poetry, literature and art all closely resembled what was produced to their east in the preceding centuries. As such, the Macedonians played a vital role in the course of Western Civilization. Ancient Macedonia: The History and Legacy of Alexander the Great and the Macedonians in Antiquity examines one of the most important ancient powers throughout its long and illustrious history.
The Macedonian War Machine, 359–281 BC by David Karunanithy Pdf
“[A] splendid and scholarly work . . . an essential guide for all serious students of military history and warfare in the age of Alexander.”—Professor Waldemar Heckel, University of Calgary The army that emerged from the reforms of Philip II of Macedon proved to be one of the most successful in the whole of the ancient period. Much has been written on aspects of Macedonian warfare, particularly the generalship of its most famous proponent, Alexander the Great, yet many studies retread the same paths and draw conclusion on the same narrow evidential base, while leaving important aspects and sources of information untouched. David Karunanithy concentrates on filling the gaps in existing studies, presenting and studying evidence frequently overlooked or ignored. The book is divided into four sections, each presenting a wealth of detail on various aspects: Preparation (including chapters on training techniques, various aspects of arms and armor production and supply and the provision and management of cavalry mounts); Support (eg noncombatant specialists, bridge building, field engineering, construction of field camps and little-known combat units in Asia); Dress and Battle Equipment (drawing on much neglected evidence and including such details as officers’ plumes, wreaths and finger rings); Alexander’s Veterans and Life on Campaign (the Silver Shields; baggage trains and personal kit, servants and families, camp life and recreation). “Karunanithy’s achievement is to draw together all the available evidence—artistic, numeristic, archaeological and literary—producing a thoroughly readable and coherent work . . . it should be a mandatory acquisition for anyone with an interest in the history of ancient Macedonia and its military.”—Ancient Warfare
