The Lost Age Of Reason

Author : Jonardon Ganeri
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2014-03-27
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191025884

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The Lost Age of Reason by Jonardon Ganeri Pdf

The Lost Age of Reason deals with a fascinating and rich episode in the history of philosophy, one from which those who are interested in the nature of modernity and its global origins have a great deal to learn. Early modernity in India consists in the formation of a new philosophical self, one which makes it possible meaningfully to conceive of oneself as engaging the ancient and the alien in conversation. The ancient texts are now not thought of as authorities to which one must defer, but regarded as the source of insight in the company of which one pursues the quest for truth. This new attitude implies a change in the conception of one's duties towards the past. After reconstructing the historical intellectual context in detail, and developing a suitable methodological framework, Ganeri reviews work on the concept of knowledge, the nature of evidence, the self, the nature of the categories, mathematics, realism, and a new language for philosophy. A study of early modern philosophy in India has much to teach us today - about the nature of modernity as such, about the reform of educational institutions and its relationship to creative research, and about cosmopolitan identities in circumstances of globalisation.

Author : Jean-Paul Sartre
Publisher : Vintage
Page : 397 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 1947
Category : Fiction
ISBN : 0679738959

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The Age of Reason by Jean-Paul Sartre Pdf

The middle-aged protagonist of Sartre's philosophical novel, set in 1938, refuses to give up his ideas of freedom, despite the approach of the war

Author : Dorinda Outram
Publisher : University of Virginia Press
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2019-04-12
Category : History
ISBN : 9780813942025

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Four Fools in the Age of Reason by Dorinda Outram Pdf

Unveiling the nearly lost world of the court fools of eighteenth-century Germany, Dorinda Outram shows that laughter was an essential instrument of power. Whether jovial or cruel, mirth altered social and political relations. Outram takes us first to the court of Frederick William I of Prussia, who emerges not only as an administrative reformer and notorious militarist but also as a "master of fools," a ruler who used fools to prop up his uncertain power. The autobiography of the itinerant fool Peter Prosch affords a rare insider’s view of the small courts in Catholic south Germany, Austria, and Bavaria. Full of sharp observations of prelates and princes, the autobiography also records episodes of the extraordinary cruelty for which the German princely courts were notorious. Joseph Fröhlich, court fool in Dresden, presents more appealing facets of foolery. A sharp salesman and hero of the Meissen factories, he was deeply attached to the folk life of fooling. The book ends by tying the growth of Enlightenment skepticism to the demise of court foolery around 1800. Outram’s book is invaluable for giving us such a vivid depiction of the court fool and especially for revealing how this figure can shed new light on the wielding of power in Enlightenment Europe.

Author : S. Frederick Starr
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 680 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2013-10-06
Category : History
ISBN : 9781400848805

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Lost Enlightenment by S. Frederick Starr Pdf

The forgotten story of Central Asia's enlightenment—its rise, fall, and enduring legacy In this sweeping and richly illustrated history, S. Frederick Starr tells the fascinating but largely unknown story of Central Asia's medieval enlightenment through the eventful lives and astonishing accomplishments of its greatest minds—remarkable figures who built a bridge to the modern world. Because nearly all of these figures wrote in Arabic, they were long assumed to have been Arabs. In fact, they were from Central Asia—drawn from the Persianate and Turkic peoples of a region that today extends from Kazakhstan southward through Afghanistan, and from the easternmost province of Iran through Xinjiang, China. Lost Enlightenment recounts how, between the years 800 and 1200, Central Asia led the world in trade and economic development, the size and sophistication of its cities, the refinement of its arts, and, above all, in the advancement of knowledge in many fields. Central Asians achieved signal breakthroughs in astronomy, mathematics, geology, medicine, chemistry, music, social science, philosophy, and theology, among other subjects. They gave algebra its name, calculated the earth's diameter with unprecedented precision, wrote the books that later defined European medicine, and penned some of the world's greatest poetry. One scholar, working in Afghanistan, even predicted the existence of North and South America—five centuries before Columbus. Rarely in history has a more impressive group of polymaths appeared at one place and time. No wonder that their writings influenced European culture from the time of St. Thomas Aquinas down to the scientific revolution, and had a similarly deep impact in India and much of Asia. Lost Enlightenment chronicles this forgotten age of achievement, seeks to explain its rise, and explores the competing theories about the cause of its eventual demise. Informed by the latest scholarship yet written in a lively and accessible style, this is a book that will surprise general readers and specialists alike.

Author : Christopher McIntosh
Publisher : State University of New York Press
Page : 223 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2012-01-02
Category : Body, Mind & Spirit
ISBN : 9781438435619

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The Rose Cross and the Age of Reason by Christopher McIntosh Pdf

This new edition of Christopher McIntosh's classic book on the Golden and Rosy Cross order is eagerly awaited. The order stands out as one of the most fascinating and influential of the high-degree masonic and illuminist groups that mushroomed in Europe from the 18th century onward. Active mainly in the German-speaking lands, it recast the original Rosicrucian vision and gave it renewed vitality. At one point it became politically influential when the Prussian King, Frederick William II, was a member of the order. Historians have often perceived the Golden and Rosy Cross as having had a conservative, anti-Enlightenment agenda, but this study – drawing on rare German sources – shows that the matter was more complex. The members of the order practiced alchemy and operated a degree system that was later imitated by later orders such as the Golden Dawn. Like the latter, the Golden and Rosy Cross exerted a wide and enduring cultural influence. Both the alchemy of the order and its powerful ritual system are insightfully described in Christopher McIntosh's clear and compelling style.

Author : Thomas Paine
Publisher : Kensington Publishing Corporation
Page : 168 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 1877
Category : Deism
ISBN : STANFORD:36105049351179

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The Age of Reason by Thomas Paine Pdf

Paine's years of study and reflection on the role of religion in society culminated with this, his final work. An attack on revealed religion from the deist point of view -- embodied by Paine's credo, "I believe in one God, and no more" -- its critical and objective examination of Old and New Testaments cites numerous contradictions.

Author : Thomas Paine
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 236 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 1890
Category : Deism
ISBN : HARVARD:32044051730554

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The Age of Reason by Thomas Paine Pdf

Author : Thomas Paine
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 246 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2017-10
Category : History
ISBN : 1942842171

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Age of Reason by Thomas Paine Pdf

Age of Reason, The Definitive Edition, includes Paine's original two volumes of Age of Reason, plus his third volume which remained unreleased until 1807. President Thomas Jefferson convinced Paine not to publish his third volume in 1802, as Paine originally intended, out of fear of the backlash it may cause. Now, thanks to this edition of Paine's Age of Reason, the modern reader can enjoy Paine's three-volume original work in one distinguished manuscript.

Author : Bryan D. Spinks
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 294 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2016-12-05
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9781351921794

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Liturgy in the Age of Reason by Bryan D. Spinks Pdf

Worship has always been affected by its surrounding culture. This book examines the changing perspectives in and discussions on worship styles and practices from the Restoration to the death of Wesley, in England and Scotland. Moving beyond the text, Spinks grounds the discussion within the changing cultural and intellectual framework of the period referred to as the Enlightenment. The focus is the end of the early modern period, when already the upheaval of the English Civil War, the methods of the Cambridge Platonists, and the thinking of Descartes and Spinoza were making the period one of transition, and Newtonian thought and the thought of John Locke impacted theological thought and worship forms. It is against this framework that the worship in England and Scotland will be described and assessed. As well as published and unpublished liturgical documents, this book draws on contemporary accounts and descriptions of worship, catechisms, sermons and theological works, and contemporary diaries. Musical and architectural changes are also noted, particularly the late seventeenth century hymns of Richard Davies of Rothwell, Joseph Stennett and Benjamin Keach. This book places worship in the society which it served, and from which changes sprang. It explores the interaction of cultural thought and worship, drawing parallels between the Enlightenment period and problems of late modernity and the worship wars of the late twentieth century.

Author : Thomas Paine
Publisher : Prabhat Prakashan
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 1961-01-01
Category : Self-Help
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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The Age of Reason by Thomas Paine Pdf

A novel about a rootless person seeking freedom in Paris in 1938.

Author : Thomas Paine
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 262 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 1870
Category : Electronic
ISBN : BL:A0024172745

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The Age of Reason; Being an Investigation of True and Fabulous Theology, Etc by Thomas Paine Pdf

Author : Jason Lisle
Publisher : New Leaf Publishing Group
Page : 42 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2017-10-26
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9781683440925

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Keeping Faith in an Age of Reason by Jason Lisle Pdf

“You can’t trust the Bible — it’s full of hundreds of contradictions.” Really? Just because the critic mindlessly declares it so? Don’t be so fast to believe everything you hear! In this book Dr. Jason Lisle examines 420 claims of Bible contradictions and sets the record straight. Contradiction #139 Was Abraham justified by faith or by works? Romans 4:2 - says by faith VS. James 2:21 - says by works Bifurcation fallacy. Abraham was justified both by faith and by works (James 2:24, 26). To “justify” means either to be in right moral standing or to show that one is (morally) in right standing. Abraham was justified by faith before God since God knows all things — including Abraham’s faith (James 2:23). God sees our hearts (1 Samuel 16:7), so we are justified before God by our faith alone, which God can see. But men cannot see another man’s faith. They only see the outward works that follow from inward faith. Therefore, Abraham was justified before men by the works that followed from his faith, since men cannot see faith but can see works. James explicitly teaches this (James 2:18–26).

Author : John Iliopoulos
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2017-07-27
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781474257770

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The History of Reason in the Age of Madness by John Iliopoulos Pdf

The History of Reason in the Age of Madness revolves around three axes: the Foucauldian critical-historical method, its relationship with enlightenment critique, and the way this critique is implemented in Foucault's seminal work, History of Madness. Foucault's exploration of the origins of psychiatry applies his own theories of power, truth and reason and draws on Kant's philosophy, shedding new light on the way we perceive the birth and development of psychiatric practice. Following Foucault's adoption of 'limit attitude', which investigates the limits of our thinking as points of disruption and renewal of established frames of reference, this book dispels the widely accepted belief that psychiatry represents the triumph of rationalism by somehow conquering madness and turning it into an object of neutral, scientific perception. It examines the birth of psychiatry in its full complexity: in the late eighteenth century, doctors were not simply rationalists but also alienists, philosophers of finitude who recognized madness as an experience at the limits of reason, introducing a discourse which conditioned the formation of psychiatry as a type of medical activity. Since that event, the same type of recognition, the same anthropological confrontation with madness has persisted beneath the calm development of psychiatric rationality, undermining the supposed linearity, absolute authority and steady progress of psychiatric positivism. Iliopoulos argues that Foucault's critique foregrounds this anthropological problematic as indispensable for psychiatry, encouraging psychiatrists to become aware of the epistemological limitations of their practice, and also to review the ethical and political issues which madness introduces into the apparent neutrality of current psychiatric discourse.

Author : Paul Erickson,Judy L. Klein,Lorraine Daston,Rebecca Lemov,Thomas Sturm,Michael D. Gordin
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2013-11-22
Category : History
ISBN : 9780226046778

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How Reason Almost Lost Its Mind by Paul Erickson,Judy L. Klein,Lorraine Daston,Rebecca Lemov,Thomas Sturm,Michael D. Gordin Pdf

In the United States at the height of the Cold War, roughly between the end of World War II and the early 1980s, a new project of redefining rationality commanded the attention of sharp minds, powerful politicians, wealthy foundations, and top military brass. Its home was the human sciences—psychology, sociology, political science, and economics, among others—and its participants enlisted in an intellectual campaign to figure out what rationality should mean and how it could be deployed. How Reason Almost Lost Its Mind brings to life the people—Herbert Simon, Oskar Morgenstern, Herman Kahn, Anatol Rapoport, Thomas Schelling, and many others—and places, including the RAND Corporation, the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, the Cowles Commission for Research and Economics, and the Council on Foreign Relations, that played a key role in putting forth a “Cold War rationality.” Decision makers harnessed this picture of rationality—optimizing, formal, algorithmic, and mechanical—in their quest to understand phenomena as diverse as economic transactions, biological evolution, political elections, international relations, and military strategy. The authors chronicle and illuminate what it meant to be rational in the age of nuclear brinkmanship.

Author : Justin E. H. Smith
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2016-05-03
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781400880577

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The Philosopher by Justin E. H. Smith Pdf

What would the global history of philosophy look like if it were told not as a story of ideas but as a series of job descriptions—ones that might have been used to fill the position of philosopher at different times and places over the past 2,500 years? The Philosopher does just that, providing a new way of looking at the history of philosophy by bringing to life six kinds of figures who have occupied the role of philosopher in a wide range of societies around the world over the millennia—the Natural Philosopher, the Sage, the Gadfly, the Ascetic, the Mandarin, and the Courtier. The result is at once an unconventional introduction to the global history of philosophy and an original exploration of what philosophy has been—and perhaps could be again. By uncovering forgotten or neglected philosophical job descriptions, the book reveals that philosophy is a universal activity, much broader—and more gender inclusive—than we normally think today. In doing so, The Philosopher challenges us to reconsider our idea of what philosophers can do and what counts as philosophy.