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A Practical Guide to Managing Clinical Trials by JoAnn Pfeiffer,Cris Wells Pdf
A Practical Guide to Managing Clinical Trials is a basic, comprehensive guide to conducting clinical trials. Designed for individuals working in research site operations, this user-friendly reference guides the reader through each step of the clinical trial process from site selection, to site set-up, subject recruitment, study visits, and to study close-out. Topics include staff roles/responsibilities/training, budget and contract review and management, subject study visits, data and document management, event reporting, research ethics, audits and inspections, consent processes, IRB, FDA regulations, and good clinical practices. Each chapter concludes with a review of key points and knowledge application. Unique to this book is "A View from India," a chapter-by-chapter comparison of clinical trial practices in India versus the U.S. Throughout the book and in Chapter 10, readers will glimpse some of the challenges and opportunities in the emerging and growing market of Indian clinical trials.
National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Panel on Handling Missing Data in Clinical Trials
Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Panel on Handling Missing Data in Clinical Trials Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 163 pages File Size : 48,8 Mb Release : 2010-12-21 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309186513
The Prevention and Treatment of Missing Data in Clinical Trials by National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Panel on Handling Missing Data in Clinical Trials Pdf
Randomized clinical trials are the primary tool for evaluating new medical interventions. Randomization provides for a fair comparison between treatment and control groups, balancing out, on average, distributions of known and unknown factors among the participants. Unfortunately, these studies often lack a substantial percentage of data. This missing data reduces the benefit provided by the randomization and introduces potential biases in the comparison of the treatment groups. Missing data can arise for a variety of reasons, including the inability or unwillingness of participants to meet appointments for evaluation. And in some studies, some or all of data collection ceases when participants discontinue study treatment. Existing guidelines for the design and conduct of clinical trials, and the analysis of the resulting data, provide only limited advice on how to handle missing data. Thus, approaches to the analysis of data with an appreciable amount of missing values tend to be ad hoc and variable. The Prevention and Treatment of Missing Data in Clinical Trials concludes that a more principled approach to design and analysis in the presence of missing data is both needed and possible. Such an approach needs to focus on two critical elements: (1) careful design and conduct to limit the amount and impact of missing data and (2) analysis that makes full use of information on all randomized participants and is based on careful attention to the assumptions about the nature of the missing data underlying estimates of treatment effects. In addition to the highest priority recommendations, the book offers more detailed recommendations on the conduct of clinical trials and techniques for analysis of trial data.
Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Strategies for Small-Number-Participant Clinical Research Trials
Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Strategies for Small-Number-Participant Clinical Research Trials Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 222 pages File Size : 42,5 Mb Release : 2001-01-01 Category : Medical ISBN : 0309171148
Small Clinical Trials by Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Strategies for Small-Number-Participant Clinical Research Trials Pdf
Clinical trials are used to elucidate the most appropriate preventive, diagnostic, or treatment options for individuals with a given medical condition. Perhaps the most essential feature of a clinical trial is that it aims to use results based on a limited sample of research participants to see if the intervention is safe and effective or if it is comparable to a comparison treatment. Sample size is a crucial component of any clinical trial. A trial with a small number of research participants is more prone to variability and carries a considerable risk of failing to demonstrate the effectiveness of a given intervention when one really is present. This may occur in phase I (safety and pharmacologic profiles), II (pilot efficacy evaluation), and III (extensive assessment of safety and efficacy) trials. Although phase I and II studies may have smaller sample sizes, they usually have adequate statistical power, which is the committee's definition of a "large" trial. Sometimes a trial with eight participants may have adequate statistical power, statistical power being the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when the hypothesis is false. Small Clinical Trials assesses the current methodologies and the appropriate situations for the conduct of clinical trials with small sample sizes. This report assesses the published literature on various strategies such as (1) meta-analysis to combine disparate information from several studies including Bayesian techniques as in the confidence profile method and (2) other alternatives such as assessing therapeutic results in a single treated population (e.g., astronauts) by sequentially measuring whether the intervention is falling above or below a preestablished probability outcome range and meeting predesigned specifications as opposed to incremental improvement.
Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Strategies for Responsible Sharing of Clinical Trial Data
Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Strategies for Responsible Sharing of Clinical Trial Data Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 304 pages File Size : 48,8 Mb Release : 2015-04-20 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309316323
Sharing Clinical Trial Data by Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Strategies for Responsible Sharing of Clinical Trial Data Pdf
Data sharing can accelerate new discoveries by avoiding duplicative trials, stimulating new ideas for research, and enabling the maximal scientific knowledge and benefits to be gained from the efforts of clinical trial participants and investigators. At the same time, sharing clinical trial data presents risks, burdens, and challenges. These include the need to protect the privacy and honor the consent of clinical trial participants; safeguard the legitimate economic interests of sponsors; and guard against invalid secondary analyses, which could undermine trust in clinical trials or otherwise harm public health. Sharing Clinical Trial Data presents activities and strategies for the responsible sharing of clinical trial data. With the goal of increasing scientific knowledge to lead to better therapies for patients, this book identifies guiding principles and makes recommendations to maximize the benefits and minimize risks. This report offers guidance on the types of clinical trial data available at different points in the process, the points in the process at which each type of data should be shared, methods for sharing data, what groups should have access to data, and future knowledge and infrastructure needs. Responsible sharing of clinical trial data will allow other investigators to replicate published findings and carry out additional analyses, strengthen the evidence base for regulatory and clinical decisions, and increase the scientific knowledge gained from investments by the funders of clinical trials. The recommendations of Sharing Clinical Trial Data will be useful both now and well into the future as improved sharing of data leads to a stronger evidence base for treatment. This book will be of interest to stakeholders across the spectrum of research--from funders, to researchers, to journals, to physicians, and ultimately, to patients.
The Management of Clinical Trials by Hesham Abdeldayem Pdf
This concise book is addressed to researchers, clinical investigators, as well as practicing physicians and surgeons who are interested in the fields of clinical research and trials. It covers some important topics related to clinical trials including an introduction to clinical trials, some aspects concerning clinical trials in pediatric age group, and the unique aspects of the design of clinical trials on stem cell therapy.
Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation
Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 151 pages File Size : 40,7 Mb Release : 2010-10-22 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309163354
Transforming Clinical Research in the United States by Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation Pdf
An ideal health care system relies on efficiently generating timely, accurate evidence to deliver on its promise of diminishing the divide between clinical practice and research. There are growing indications, however, that the current health care system and the clinical research that guides medical decisions in the United States falls far short of this vision. The process of generating medical evidence through clinical trials in the United States is expensive and lengthy, includes a number of regulatory hurdles, and is based on a limited infrastructure. The link between clinical research and medical progress is also frequently misunderstood or unsupported by both patients and providers. The focus of clinical research changes as diseases emerge and new treatments create cures for old conditions. As diseases evolve, the ultimate goal remains to speed new and improved medical treatments to patients throughout the world. To keep pace with rapidly changing health care demands, clinical research resources need to be organized and on hand to address the numerous health care questions that continually emerge. Improving the overall capacity of the clinical research enterprise will depend on ensuring that there is an adequate infrastructure in place to support the investigators who conduct research, the patients with real diseases who volunteer to participate in experimental research, and the institutions that organize and carry out the trials. To address these issues and better understand the current state of clinical research in the United States, the Institute of Medicine's (IOM) Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation held a 2-day workshop entitled Transforming Clinical Research in the United States. The workshop, summarized in this volume, laid the foundation for a broader initiative of the Forum addressing different aspects of clinical research. Future Forum plans include further examining regulatory, administrative, and structural barriers to the effective conduct of clinical research; developing a vision for a stable, continuously funded clinical research infrastructure in the United States; and considering strategies and collaborative activities to facilitate more robust public engagement in the clinical research enterprise.
Author : Salah M. Abdel-aleem Publisher : John Wiley & Sons Page : 296 pages File Size : 43,7 Mb Release : 2009-08-19 Category : Medical ISBN : 0470475900
Design, Execution, and Management of Medical Device Clinical Trials by Salah M. Abdel-aleem Pdf
An essential introduction to conducting the various stages of medical device clinical trials Clinical research continues to be one of the most vital components of pharmaceutical, biostatistical, and medical studies. Design, Execution, and Management of Medical Device Clinical Trials provides a uniform methodology for conducting and managing clinical trials. Written in a style that is accessible to readers from diverse educational and professional backgrounds, this book provides an in-depth and broad overview for successfully performing clinical tasks and activities. Throughout the book, practical examples compiled from both the author's and other researchers' previous clinical trial experiences are discussed in a sequential manner as they occur in the study, starting from the development of the clinical protocol and the selection of clinical sites and ending with the completion of the final clinical study report. Next, readers are guided through the development of important clinical documents, including informed consent forms, case report forms, and study logs. A careful review of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) regulations applicable to medical devices is also featured. Additional coverage includes: Qualification and selection of investigators Study monitoring visits Definitions and reporting procedures for adverse events The use of biostatistical methodology in clinical research, including the use of biostatistics for sample size determination and study endpoints The roles and responsibilities of all members of a clinical research team The book concludes with an insightful discussion of special ethical conduct for human research and challenging issues to consider during the design of clinical studies. A glossary lists important clinical and statistical terms used in clinical research, and an extensive reference section provides additional resources for the most up-to-date literature on the topic. Design, Execution, and Management of Medical Device Clinical Trials is an excellent book for clinical research or epidemiology courses at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels. It is also an indispensable reference for clinical research associates, clinical managers, clinical scientists, biostatisticians, pharmacologists, and any professional working in the field of clinical research who would like to better understand clinical research practices.
Global Clinical Trials by Richard Chin,Menghis Bairu Pdf
This book will explore the great opportunities and challenges which exist in conducting clinical trials in developing countries. By exploring the various regulations specific to the major players and providing insight into the logistical challenges including language barriers, this book provides a working tool for clinical researchers and administrators to navigate the intricacies of clinical trials in developing countries. Important topics such as ethical issues will be handled very carefully to highlight the significant differences of conducting this work in various jurisdictions. Overall, it will present a clear and comprehensive guide to the ins-and-outs of clinical trials in various countries to assist in design, development, and effectiveness of these trials. Contributors include high-profile, respected figures who have paved the way for clinical trials in developing countries Provides hands-on tools for regulatory and legal requirements and qualification, design, management, and reporting Case studies outline successes, failures, lessons learned and prospects for future collaboration Includes country-specific guidelines for the most utilized countries Foreword by David Feigel, former Head of CDRH at FDA
Management of Data in Clinical Trials by Eleanor McFadden Pdf
A valuable new edition of the trusted, practical guide to managing data in clinical trials Regardless of size, type, or complexity, accurate results for any clinical trial are ultimately determined by the quality of the collected data. Management of Data in Clinical Trials, Second Edition explores data management and trial organization as the keys to developing an accurate and reliable clinical trial. With a focus on the traditional aspects of data collection as well as recent advances in technology, this new edition provides a complete and accessible guide to the management structure of a clinical trial, from planning and development to design and analysis. Practical approaches that result in the collection of complete and timely data are also provided. While maintaining a comprehensive overview of the knowledge and tools that are essential for the organization of a modern clinical trial, the author has expanded the topical coverage in the Second Edition to reflect the possible uses of recent advances in technology in the data collection process. In addition, the Second Edition discusses the impact of international regulations governing the conduct of clinical trials and provides guidelines on ensuring compliance with national requirements. Newly featured topics include: The growing availability of "off-the-shelf" solutions for clinical trials Potential models for collaboration in the conduct of clinical trials between academia and the pharmaceutical industry The increasing use of the Internet in the collection of data and management of trials Regulatory requirements worldwide and compliance with the ICH Good Clinical Practice (GCP) Guidelines Development of Standard Operating Procedures for the conduct of clinical trials Complete with chapter summaries that reinforce key points as well as over one hundred examples, Management of Data in Clinical Trials, Second Edition is an ideal resource for practitioners in the clinical research community who are involved in the development of clinical trials, including data managers, research associates, data coordinators, physicians, and statisticians. This book also serves as an excellent supplemental text for courses in clinical trials at both the undergraduate and graduate levels.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 127 pages File Size : 47,7 Mb Release : 2019-11-16 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309494885
Virtual Clinical Trials by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation Pdf
Successful drug development relies on accurate and efficient clinical trials to deliver the best and most effective pharmaceuticals and clinical care to patients. However, the current model for clinical trials is outdated, inefficient and costly. Clinical trials are limited by small sample sizes that do not reflect variations among patients in the real world, financial burdens on participants, and slow processes, and these factors contribute to the disconnect between clinical research and clinical practice. On November 28-29, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop to investigate the current clinical trials system and explore the potential benefits and challenges of implementing virtual clinical trials as an enhanced alternative for the future. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation
Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 248 pages File Size : 54,8 Mb Release : 2012-09-13 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309253185
Envisioning a Transformed Clinical Trials Enterprise in the United States by Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation Pdf
There is growing recognition that the United States' clinical trials enterprise (CTE) faces great challenges. There is a gap between what is desired - where medical care is provided solely based on high quality evidence - and the reality - where there is limited capacity to generate timely and practical evidence for drug development and to support medical treatment decisions. With the need for transforming the CTE in the U.S. becoming more pressing, the IOM Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation held a two-day workshop in November 2011, bringing together leaders in research and health care. The workshop focused on how to transform the CTE and discussed a vision to make the enterprise more efficient, effective, and fully integrated into the health care system. Key issue areas addressed at the workshop included: the development of a robust clinical trials workforce, the alignment of cultural and financial incentives for clinical trials, and the creation of a sustainable infrastructure to support a transformed CTE. This document summarizes the workshop.
Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on Standards for Developing Trustworthy Clinical Practice Guidelines
Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on Standards for Developing Trustworthy Clinical Practice Guidelines Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 217 pages File Size : 47,7 Mb Release : 2011-06-16 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309216463
Clinical Practice Guidelines We Can Trust by Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Care Services,Committee on Standards for Developing Trustworthy Clinical Practice Guidelines Pdf
Advances in medical, biomedical and health services research have reduced the level of uncertainty in clinical practice. Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) complement this progress by establishing standards of care backed by strong scientific evidence. CPGs are statements that include recommendations intended to optimize patient care. These statements are informed by a systematic review of evidence and an assessment of the benefits and costs of alternative care options. Clinical Practice Guidelines We Can Trust examines the current state of clinical practice guidelines and how they can be improved to enhance healthcare quality and patient outcomes. Clinical practice guidelines now are ubiquitous in our healthcare system. The Guidelines International Network (GIN) database currently lists more than 3,700 guidelines from 39 countries. Developing guidelines presents a number of challenges including lack of transparent methodological practices, difficulty reconciling conflicting guidelines, and conflicts of interest. Clinical Practice Guidelines We Can Trust explores questions surrounding the quality of CPG development processes and the establishment of standards. It proposes eight standards for developing trustworthy clinical practice guidelines emphasizing transparency; management of conflict of interest ; systematic review-guideline development intersection; establishing evidence foundations for and rating strength of guideline recommendations; articulation of recommendations; external review; and updating. Clinical Practice Guidelines We Can Trust shows how clinical practice guidelines can enhance clinician and patient decision-making by translating complex scientific research findings into recommendations for clinical practice that are relevant to the individual patient encounter, instead of implementing a one size fits all approach to patient care. This book contains information directly related to the work of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), as well as various Congressional staff and policymakers. It is a vital resource for medical specialty societies, disease advocacy groups, health professionals, private and international organizations that develop or use clinical practice guidelines, consumers, clinicians, and payers.
Institute of Medicine,Roundtable on Research and Development of Drugs, Biologics, and Medical Devices
Author : Institute of Medicine,Roundtable on Research and Development of Drugs, Biologics, and Medical Devices Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 88 pages File Size : 43,6 Mb Release : 1999-07-27 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309172806
Assuring Data Quality and Validity in Clinical Trials for Regulatory Decision Making by Institute of Medicine,Roundtable on Research and Development of Drugs, Biologics, and Medical Devices Pdf
In an effort to increase knowledge and understanding of the process of assuring data quality and validity in clinical trials, the IOM hosted a workshop to open a dialogue on the process to identify and discuss issues of mutual concern among industry, regulators, payers, and consumers. The presenters and panelists together developed strategies that could be used to address the issues that were identified. This IOM report of the workshop summarizes the present status and highlights possible strategies for making improvements to the education of interested and affected parties as well as facilitating future planning.
Project Management in Clinical Trials by Alexey Levashov Pdf
The book is about both theoretical and practical aspects of Project Management in clinical trials. The audience may find explanation of different phenomena in modern clinical trials, for example, why some approaches in managing trials work and others – do not. In addition to this, the book should serve the purposes of business psychotherapy. The book is saturated with examples from real life and practical tips.
Institute of Medicine,Committee on Routine Patient Care Costs in Clinical Trials for Medicare Beneficiaries
Author : Institute of Medicine,Committee on Routine Patient Care Costs in Clinical Trials for Medicare Beneficiaries Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 86 pages File Size : 54,7 Mb Release : 2000-03-17 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309068888
Extending Medicare Reimbursement in Clinical Trials by Institute of Medicine,Committee on Routine Patient Care Costs in Clinical Trials for Medicare Beneficiaries Pdf
Increasingly over the past five years, uncertainty about reimbursement for routine patient care has been suspected as contributing to problems enrolling people in clinical trials. Clinical trial investigators cannot guarantee that Medicare will pay for the care required, and they must disclose this uncertainty to potential participants during the informed consent process. Since Medicare does not routinely "preauthorize" care (as do many commercial insurers) the uncertainty cannot be dispelled in advance. Thus, patients considering whether to enter trials must assume that they may have to pay bills that Medicare rejects simply because they have enrolled in the trial. This report recommends an explicit policy for reimbursement of routine patient care costs in clinical trials. It further recommends that HCFA provide additional support for selected clinical trials, and that the government support the establishment of a national clinical trials registry. These policies (1) should assure that beneficiaries would not be denied coverage merely because they have volunteered to participate in a clinical trial; and (2) would not impose excessive administrative burdens on HCFA, its fiscal intermediaries and carriers, or investigators, providers, or participants in clinical trials. Explicit rules would have the added benefit of increasing the uniformity of reimbursement decisions made by Medicare fiscal intermediaries and carriers in different parts of the country. Greater uniformity would, in turn, decrease the uncertainty about reimbursement when providers and patients embark on a clinical trial.