The Market Economy Investor Test In Eu State Aid Law Applicability And Application

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The Market Economy Investor Test in EU State Aid Law: Applicability and Application

Małgorzata Cyndecka
The Market Economy Investor Test in EU State Aid Law Applicability and Application Book PDF

Author : Małgorzata Cyndecka
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
Page : 386 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2016-05-05
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789041183408

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The Market Economy Investor Test in EU State Aid Law: Applicability and Application by Małgorzata Cyndecka Pdf

For upwards of thirty years EU and EFTA courts have been using a test for applying the Market Economy Investor Principle (MEIP) 10 determine whether a state intervention amounts 10 granting of an economic advantage 10 a recipient undertaking. If the stale wishes 10 set as a commercial operator, it must comply with the MEIP. Unsurprisingly, the test remains a difficult and controversial legal instrument, and its very existence and credibility have been questioned. This book unravels the nation of the MEIP, analysing its applicability in order 10 clarify doubts and misinterpretations. Such an understanding is crucial because of the negative consequences of the test's misapplication, and also because the ongoing process of opening markets for more competition blurs the distinction between the public and private sectors. The analysis addresses such questions as the following; - What characterizes a 'prudent' investor? - When is it justified to consider a given public investor 'rational' or 'reasonable'? - How should too 'economic' or 'commercial soundness' of state interventions be understood? - What rate of return is required under the MEIP and how is it calculated? - When should the profitability analysis be undertaken and why? The author examines both the theory behind too principle and its practical application, with detailed attention to case law and the Commission's guidelines explaining the test's mechanism. Soo considers the various critiques of the test and concludes with proposals for change. Practitioners, policymakers, and academics will appreciate the great clarification offered of too MEIP - the character of an economic advantage under the MEIP and in aid scenarios, how to determine whether the MEIP is applicable 10 a given state measure, and how 10 apply the test according 10 its various subtypes and to atypical or complex interventions. They will find that too book's systematic analysis goes a long way to ensuring a credible and reliable assessment of the applicability of state aid under Article 107(1) TFEU.

EU State Aid Control of Infrastructure Funding

Corinne Ruechardt
EU State Aid Control of Infrastructure Funding Book PDF

Author : Corinne Ruechardt
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
Page : 490 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2018-07-03
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789041191168

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EU State Aid Control of Infrastructure Funding by Corinne Ruechardt Pdf

The elements of infrastructure – roads, transportation, electricity, water, communications, schools, hospitals – are so ingrained in the fabric of daily life that few people give a second thought to who provides them, and how. Yet, they are controlled by an extensive and complex regulatory system. Moreover, the EU’s State aid modernization plan has made infrastructure a crucial aspect of competition law. How did EU State aid law turn into regulation on whether a city can build a new airport, or how it may operate a school? And what do the rules actually mean for infrastructure funding? These are the questions this book, the first comprehensive guide to EU State aid law in this key sector and a major contribution to the debate on the topic, seeks to answer. In its thorough review of the legal literature as well as relevant legislation and case law, this book covers such aspects of the infrastructure-State aid nexus as the following: – role of infrastructure in competition law; – infrastructure funding as aid and its compatibility with the internal market; – impact on land development and other ongoing activities; – sector-specific impact of State aid regulation on the design of infrastructure projects; – risk management; and – newer infrastructure sectors such as sports and cultural and healthcare projects. At many points in the presentation, the case-by-case analysis provides individual appraisals. In addition to focusing on the complex rules and how they have been interpreted in the decisional practice of the Commission and in the EU case law, this book provides deeply informed proposals for reform. This is a key work in a field of EU law that has developed and changed dramatically in recent years. It is sure to be of immeasurable value to practitioners and jurists in State aid law, competition law, and public procurement, as well as market actors (aid beneficiaries and competitors), policymakers, government officials, and business persons in these fields.

Selectivity in State Aid Law and the Methods for the Allocation of the Corporate Tax Base

Jérôme Monsenego
Selectivity in State Aid Law and the Methods for the Allocation of the Corporate Tax Base Book PDF

Author : Jérôme Monsenego
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
Page : 274 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2018-06-05
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789041194145

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Selectivity in State Aid Law and the Methods for the Allocation of the Corporate Tax Base by Jérôme Monsenego Pdf

High profile cases before the European Commission and the EU courts have intensified scrutiny of the link between State aid law and the taxation of multinational enterprises. Certain decisions have raised questions about fiscal sovereignty and the interpretation of the rules on State aid – in particular the notion of selectivity, which have not been addressed in detail by existing research. The combination of the evolution of the notion of selectivity in State aid law, on the one hand, and the need to adapt the rules for the taxation of the profits of multinational enterprises to the modern economy, on the other hand, makes it necessary to assess whether existing as well as alternative rules for the allocation of the corporate tax base might entail a selective treatment. This book responds to the need of research in the area of State aid law applied to the taxation of the income of multinational enterprises, focusing on the crucial concept of selectivity. The analysis proceeds with a detailed investigation of the theoretical issues that arise when applying the selectivity test in State aid law to three methods for the allocation of the corporate tax base between the members of multinational enterprises: – the arm’s length principle; – transfer pricing safe harbours; and – systems of formula apportionment. This research project is conducted at a theoretical level, without considering national provisions or particular tax treaties. The author suggests an analytical framework on the application of the selectivity test to the three allocation methods. It is concluded that these methods are likely to have certain selective features, with varying possibilities to be justified by the inner logic of a corporate income tax system. It is also demonstrated that selectivity occurs for different reasons, due to the different rationales of the three allocation methods. This book is intended at contributing to the academic literature on the impact of State aid law on the principles for the taxation of the income of multinational enterprises. The outcome of this research project is also relevant for lawmakers who need to reconcile the imperatives of State aid law with the design of rules that match their tax policies, as well as for judges or lawyers who apply the rules on State aid to tax provisions.

Research Handbook on European State Aid Law

Leigh Hancher,Juan J. Piernas López
Research Handbook on European State Aid Law Book PDF

Author : Leigh Hancher,Juan J. Piernas López
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 384 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2021-01-29
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781789909258

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Research Handbook on European State Aid Law by Leigh Hancher,Juan J. Piernas López Pdf

This revised and updated Research Handbook on European State Aid Law brings together established academics and practitioners to provide a wide-ranging coverage of the field. Incorporating political science, economics and the law in its analysis, it provides a strong overview of the salient issues in State aid law and policy.

EU Industrial Policy in the Multipolar Economy

Defraigne, Jean-Christophe,Wouters, Jan,Traversa, Edoardo,Zurstrassen, Dimitri
EU Industrial Policy in the Multipolar Economy Book PDF

Author : Defraigne, Jean-Christophe,Wouters, Jan,Traversa, Edoardo,Zurstrassen, Dimitri
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 447 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2022-10-14
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781800372634

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EU Industrial Policy in the Multipolar Economy by Defraigne, Jean-Christophe,Wouters, Jan,Traversa, Edoardo,Zurstrassen, Dimitri Pdf

This incisive book provides key interdisciplinary perspectives on the current challenges faced by EU policymakers in framing and implementing a coherent European industrial policy, employing specific case studies from the digital, automotive, steel and defence industries as well as concrete examples of EU policies.

Private Enforcement of European Competition and State Aid Law

Ferdinand Wollenschläger,Wolfgang Wurmnest,Thomas M.J. Möllers
Private Enforcement of European Competition and State Aid Law Book PDF

Author : Ferdinand Wollenschläger,Wolfgang Wurmnest,Thomas M.J. Möllers
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
Page : 421 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2020-01-09
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789403502106

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Private Enforcement of European Competition and State Aid Law by Ferdinand Wollenschläger,Wolfgang Wurmnest,Thomas M.J. Möllers Pdf

Private Enforcement of European Competition and State Aid Law Current Challenges and the Way Forward Edited by: Ferdinand Wollenschläger, Wolfgang Wurmnest & Thomas M.J. Möllers The overlapping European Union (EU) regimes of competition law and State aid law both provide mechanisms allowing private plaintiffs to claim compensation for losses or damages. It is thus of significant practical value to provide, as this book does, analysis and guidance on achieving enforcement of such claims, written by renowned authorities in the two fields. The book examines the two areas of law both from an EU perspective and from the perspectives of private enforcement in France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and the United Kingdom. In country reports for these major jurisdictions, as well as in more general and comparative chapters, the authors focus on such issues as the following: impediments to private enforcement; which entity is liable for damages; binding effect of decisions of competition authorities; limitation of actions; collective actions and pooling of claims; enforcement of the standstill obligation (Article 108(3) TFEU); remedies and information deficits; cooperation and coordination between national courts and the European Commission; transposition of the so-called Damages Directive (Directive 2014/104/EU) by the EU Member States; extent to which the strengthening of private enforcement of competition law has a spillover effect on State aid law; and prospects for harmonisation of State aid law. A concluding section identifies enforcement deficits and proposes ways to improve the existing legal framework. As an in-depth assessment of key obstacles and best practices in private enforcement actions, this highly informative and practical volume facilitates choice of the best forum for competition and State aid law cases. Academics and practitioners engaged with this important area of European law will appreciate the authors’ awareness of the economic need and legal particularities which could generate an effective European system of private enforcement of legitimate claims under EU competition and State aid law.

Capacity Mechanisms in EU Energy Law

Kaisa Huhta
Capacity Mechanisms in EU Energy Law Book PDF

Author : Kaisa Huhta
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
Page : 343 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2019-07-17
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789403514536

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Capacity Mechanisms in EU Energy Law by Kaisa Huhta Pdf

Many states – including European Union (EU) Member States – subsidise energy producers in order to guarantee the uninterrupted availability of affordable electricity. This book presents the first in-depth examination of how these so-called capacity mechanisms are addressed in EU law and how they affect the functioning of the EU energy markets. Focusing on the existing legal framework as well as the new provisions of the Clean Energy for All Europeans package for capacity mechanisms, the author addresses and analyses such aspects as the following: the structure and functioning of the EU electricity markets; EU’s competence to address security of supply and Member States’ margin of discretion; sector-specific rules for security of supply; legal conditions for subsidising generation adequacy; capacity remuneration under the EU State aid regime; free movement rules that address generation adequacy measures; balancing different interests of EU energy law in the context of generation adequacy; and the requirement of proportionality in State intervention to ensure generation adequacy. The analysis draws on relevant sources of EU law (treaties, regulations and directives) as well as the case law of the European Court of Justice and the General Court, together with soft law instruments such as Commission guidelines. Scholarly sources include not only legal literature but also work on energy policy, energy engineering and energy economics. As a detailed analysis of how capacity mechanisms address issues arising in the context of the enegy transition – and how the system of EU law applicable to capacity mechanisms should be interpreted to further the objectives of EU energy law – the book will help policymakers and legislators in Member States to understand the changing legal setting for capacity mechanisms. Lawyers, academics and other professionals who deal with EU electricity markets in the EU and beyond are sure to welcome its detailed description and analysis.

Sixty Years of EU State Aid Law and Policy

Eugene Stuart,Iana Roginska-Green
Sixty Years of EU State Aid Law and Policy Book PDF

Author : Eugene Stuart,Iana Roginska-Green
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
Page : 480 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2016-04-24
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789041189240

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Sixty Years of EU State Aid Law and Policy by Eugene Stuart,Iana Roginska-Green Pdf

If an EU industrial policy can be said to exist, its contours may be found in the complex and evolving concept of State aid. Because approaching any State aid issue can be fraught with multiple and sometimes conflicting interpretations, an in-depth analysis of the rationales, initiatives, and regulations that constitute the State aid system is much needed. In response to this need, this book provides a fine-grained clarifying context through which recent reforms, policy shifts, and judicial decisions concerning State aid can be understood and applied to specific situations. Focusing on the impacts of landmark cases and policy developments leading up to a deeply informed critique of the current State Aid Modernisation Programme, the authors cover such issues and topics as the following: – linkages to other established and evolving EU common policies and common strategies; – effect of EU State aid rules in the expanding geopolitical regions of EU influence; – interaction with the WTO Subsidies and Countervailing Measures Agreement; – the problem of a ‘subsidies culture’; – how the European Commission’s notion of ‘bad’ State aid has evolved; – effect of EU policy imperatives (e.g., environmental goals) which implicitly argue for increased subsidisation; – nexus with EU tax harmonisation; – competition among undertakings versus competition among Member State policies; and – nature of the quasi-devolution of regulatory responsibilities to EU Member States. This book is a crucially important source of both theoretical enlightenment and practical wisdom that will greatly enhance confident progress through any legal matter involving EU State aid rules. It will prove of immeasurable value to practitioners, in-house counsel, policymakers, and academics for many years to come.

Regulating Vertical Agreements

Maria Fernanda Caporale Madi
Regulating Vertical Agreements Book PDF

Author : Maria Fernanda Caporale Madi
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2020-10-09
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789403526515

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Regulating Vertical Agreements by Maria Fernanda Caporale Madi Pdf

Vertical agreements represent a variety of supply and distribution contracts involving different market players, such as suppliers of diverse inputs, manufacturers, distributors and retailers. They gain particular significance in a global economy where technological advances are dynamic and are changing all the time. Such agreements are signed among businesspeople on a daily basis, and antitrust experts around the world are often asked to advise on whether they have any negative impact on competition or whether they infringe antitrust law. Taking into consideration the complex economic impacts of these vertical alliances, and the different market conditions that firms face in a wide variety of situations, the author proposes an in-depth examination of the following topics: resale price-fixing; geo-blocking clauses; exclusive and selective distribution systems; the concept of ‘economic efficiency’ in the context of vertical restraints; self-assessment of potential anticompetitive effects and antitrust risks; ex post control of vertical restraints; digital economies and its policy impact; alternative enforcement models under various institutional frameworks; the role and influence of political pressure groups. The book offers very constructive theoretical and political insights at the frontier between the disciplines of Economics and Law. By comparing two world’s leading antitrust jurisdictions, this book explores the lessons to be learned from the legal rules in the European Union and in Brazil, considering their promises and drawbacks, and formulates policy recommendations.

Blocking Patents in European Competition Law

Angelika S. Murer
Blocking Patents in European Competition Law Book PDF

Author : Angelika S. Murer
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
Page : 386 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2021-12-03
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789403538150

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Blocking Patents in European Competition Law by Angelika S. Murer Pdf

In practice and jurisprudence in European competition law, it is especially difficult to define the boundaries of patent abuse as an offence. In this thoroughly researched book, the author answers the question of when and how an application for a blocking patent can amount to an abuse of a dominant position under Article 102 TFEU. Drawing on legal literature and European Union (EU) case law, the presentation analyses a constellation of blocking patenting strategies and proposes potential remedies where abuse is involved. With detailed descriptions of the characteristics of potentially abusive and non-abusive behaviour regarding applications for blocking patents, the book provides the following and more: a comprehensive analysis of the case law of the EU courts on the abuse of a dominant position in cases which involve intellectual property rights; insights on how patenting strategies affect competition with a particular focus on the application of blocking patents; an overview of the developments in doctrine and practice which led to the current understanding of the seemingly conflictual goals of competition and intellectual property law; and insights on the difficulties of defining relevant markets and establishing whether an undertaking holds a dominant position. The book illustrates the mechanisms of blocking patenting strategies with examples from the pharmaceutical industry because blocking strategies have particular relevance in applying for patents in that context. A test scheme for analysing the application of a blocking patent under Article 102 TFEU is included. Additionally, the book provides an outlook on the topic of patents and shortages of supply in light of the COVID pandemic. Practitioners and policymakers requiring an understanding of the conceptual framework of the abuse concept within EU competition law and how it relates to patent strategies will welcome this invaluable book. They will not only be able to set the conduct of applying for blocking patents into the Article 102 TFEU context but also have decisive tools to approach questions on the intersection of patent law and competition law in the EU.

Merger Control in the EU and Turkey

Fevzi Toksoy,Bahadir Balki,Hanna Stakheyeva
Merger Control in the EU and Turkey Book PDF

Author : Fevzi Toksoy,Bahadir Balki,Hanna Stakheyeva
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2022-05-11
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789403543048

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Merger Control in the EU and Turkey by Fevzi Toksoy,Bahadir Balki,Hanna Stakheyeva Pdf

As a country on the way to integration with the European Union (EU), Turkey has been following EU principles in establishing and improving its merger control regime, as well as overall competition law, keeping pace with changes in relevant EU legislation and case law. This book presents, for the first time, a description and analysis of the relationship between the EU and Turkish merger control law and practice. The second edition of the book considers the legislative changes that occurred in 2020-2021, including the reform of the Turkish Competition Law which introduced the significant impediment to effective competition (SIEC) test into the Turkish concentration control. The authors—all three, both practicing lawyers and academicians in Turkey—focus on comparing substantive, procedural and jurisdictional issues and draw parallels on their regulation in the two jurisdictions. These matters include the following: determining whether a transaction shall be regarded as a notifiable merger, hence be subject to control; financial thresholds used for allocating jurisdictions; extraterritoriality of merger control; relationship between the SIEC test and the dominance test; determination of the relevant market; techniques used for assessment of horizontal and non-horizontal mergers; notification requirements; procedural duties of competition authorities in relation to remedies; third-party rights; gun-jumping fines and other sanctions for failure to comply with merger control requirements; and peculiarities of assessment of mergers in the Big Data world. Each chapter provides an overview of the respective issues in the EU and Turkey, projecting a clear understanding of the main similarities and differences in the two regimes. A notable feature is an in-depth analysis of applicable case law concerning each issue, with most of the Turkish decisions available in English for the first time. The book’s comparative approach will prove to be of great value. With its clear answers to questions about what transactions are subject to merger control, what criteria are used in assessing those transactions, and the main issues that a foreign company should be aware of while merging with another foreign company with effect in Turkey and/or EU, the book will be of immeasurable value for lawyers and their business clients dealing with multijurisdictional merger cases. Interested academics and policymakers will also find much here to attract their attention.

European Union Law

Steve Peers,Catherine Barnard
European Union Law Book PDF

Author : Steve Peers,Catherine Barnard
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 1065 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2023-05-24
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9780192863836

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European Union Law by Steve Peers,Catherine Barnard Pdf

Written by experts, this innovative textbook offers students a relevant, contextual account of EU law. Under the experienced editorship of Catherine Barnard and Steve Peers, the text draws together a range of expert contributors for rich understanding of each area of the EU law curriculum and to introduce students to key debates in the subject

Competition, Data and Privacy in the Digital Economy

Maria Wasastjerna
Competition Data and Privacy in the Digital Economy Book PDF

Author : Maria Wasastjerna
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
Page : 416 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2020-07-16
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789403522241

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Competition, Data and Privacy in the Digital Economy by Maria Wasastjerna Pdf

Increasingly, we conduct our lives online, and in doing so, we grant access to our personal information. The crucial feedstock of the world economy thus generated - the commercialization and exploitation of personal data and the intrusion of digital privacy it entails - has built an imposing edifice of market power. As we enter the third decade of the 21st century, this detailed exploration of the interlinkage between competition and data privacy takes a critical look at competition policy to evaluate whether the system in its current form and with the existing approach is capable of tackling the challenges raised by the role of personal data in the shift from an offline to an online economy. Challenging the commonplace assumption that privacy has little or no role and relevance in competition law, the author’s penetrating analysis accomplishes the following and more: provides an in-depth understanding of the intersection of competition and privacy in the data-driven economy; surveys legal policy developments on the role of privacy in competition law; underlines the importance of non-price parameters in competition, such as consumer choice; clearly explains why and how competition law can protect privacy among its policy objectives; and addresses challenges in measuring the intangible harm of digital privacy violation in assessing abuse of market power. Recent case law in Europe and elsewhere, a revealing comparison between relevant European Union (EU) and United States (US) practice, the expanded role of the EU’s Competition Commissioner, and the likely impact of such phenomena as the coronavirus pandemic are all drawn into the book’s remit. In her analysis of the growing privacy dimension in competition policy, the author examines the topic from a broad perspective that includes societal, political, economic, historical and cultural elements. Her insightful multidimensional and value-based review will prove of immeasurable value to practitioners, academics, policymakers and enforcers in its identification of implications for business practice as we go forward.

Global Competition Enforcement

Paulo Burnier da Silveira,William Evan Kovacic
Global Competition Enforcement Book PDF

Author : Paulo Burnier da Silveira,William Evan Kovacic
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
Page : 311 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2019-10-17
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789403502120

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Global Competition Enforcement by Paulo Burnier da Silveira,William Evan Kovacic Pdf

Global Competition Enforcement New Players, New Challenges Edited by Paulo Burnier da Silveira & William Evan Kovacic In a short span of years, the landscape of global competition has changed significantly. In particular, international cooperation in competition law enforcement has greatly strengthened the battle against abuse of dominance, cartels, anticompetitive mergers and related political corruption. This thoroughly researched book explains the current situation regarding joint investigations, identifies common problems and considers possible solutions and future developments. In addition to covering issues of competition policy, its authors look in detail at practice in both merger and conduct investigations in a variety of countries. The following aspects of the subject and more are examined in depth: the interface between antitrust and anti-corruption; the digital economy’s challenges to competition authorities; convergent aims and rules among different competition authorities; regional organizations with competition mandates; competition neutrality and state-owned enterprises; and leniency programmes. Although necessarily there is considerable information on major antitrust regimes like those of the United States and the European Union, chapters by local experts highlight lessons to be learned from the work of competition authorities in five continents including Argentina, Australia, Brazil, China, Colombia, India, Japan, Mauritius, Mexico, Peru and South Africa. The contributors include competition enforcers, regulators, academics, practitioners and leading commentators from a range of jurisdictions. Adding up to an authoritative analysis from the enforcer’s perspective, the studies presented in the book clarify the approaches and priorities of competition enforcement authorities – including those of major emerging economies – and provide expert guidance on dealing with transnational investigations. Antitrust lawyers, corporate counsel and interested academics as well as policymakers will benefit immeasurably from this book’s wealth of informative detail.

Directory of EU Case Law on State Aids

René Barents
Directory of EU Case Law on State Aids Book PDF

Author : René Barents
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
Page : 1333 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2016-06-01
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789041167231

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Directory of EU Case Law on State Aids by René Barents Pdf

Since the first edition of this immensely useful book – which coincided with the start of the global financial crisis in 2008 – there have been numerous high-profile cases on State aid. This new edition, which follows the same proven format as its predecessor, updates its analysis of case law with hundreds of new decisions by the EU courts, and thus remains the quickest source of reference for practitioners working with EU State aid matters. Following a highly organized sequence of subject headings, it presents extracts from all judgments and orders of both the Court of Justice and the General Court of the EU on the TFEU rules on State aids (Articles 107–109). Each subject heading starts with extracts having a more general meaning, followed by extracts relating to specific points or situations. Under each extract or summary, the judgments and orders are referred to by case number in ascending order. The book covers all the case law of both courts until the end of 2015. With this book practitioners will quickly find relevant paragraphs and full citations regarding all issues raised by Articles 107–109 TFEU, including the following and much more: - territorial scope of State aids; - Article 107(1) EC and WTO Agreements; - conditions for categorizing a national measure as State aid; - free movement of goods; - undertakings; - private versus public investment; - justification of selective measures; - interstate trade and competition; - the Altmark conditions for public service aid; - restructuring aids; - procedural aspects; - locus standi of trade associations; and - existing aids and new aids. In many areas, the extracts of this book relate to points of the judgments which are not or only partially covered in official summaries. For accessibility of this case law, this book has no peers. As with the first edition, practitioners in the field of EU State aid law will find it indispensable.