The Method Framework For Engineering System Architectures
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The Method Framework for Engineering System Architectures by Donald G. Firesmith,Peter Capell,Dietrich Falkenthal,Charles B. Hammons,DeWitt T. Latimer IV,Tom Merendino Pdf
The architects of today's large and complex systems all too often struggle with the lack of a consistent set of principles and practices that adequately address the entire breadth of systems architecture. The Method Framework for Engineering System Architectures (MFESA) enables system architects and process engineers to create methods for effective
Model-Based System Architecture by Tim Weilkiens,Jesko G. Lamm,Stephan Roth,Markus Walker Pdf
MODEL-BASED SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE AN UP-TO-DATE EXPLORATION OF THE NEWEST STANDARDS AND BEST PRACTICES IN SYSTEM ARCHITECTING In the newly revised Second Edition of Model-Based System Architecture, a team of expert engineers deliver a detailed and authoritative review of the practice of system architecture in organizations that use models to support the systems engineering process. In the book, readers will find introductions to the fundamentals of architecting systems and using models to assist the architecting process. The latest edition offers refreshed content based on ISO 15288:2015 and a renewed focus on the role of the system architect. New chapters on systems-of-systems, and cyber-physical systems, and system architect tools offer guidance to practicing professionals on how to apply the presented concepts in the real-world. In addition to the latest definitions of the architecture governance and evaluation processes described in ISO 42020 and 42030, the book provides: A thorough introduction to the value of systems architecting, definitions of system architecture, and model-based system architecture Comprehensive explorations of model governance, architecture descriptions, patterns, and principles, and the roles of typical architecture stakeholders Practical discussions of Agile approaches to systems architecture, the FAS Method, and architecture frameworks In-depth examinations of systems architecting work and necessary soft skills for systems architects Modeling of system architectures with SysML including a brief overview of SysML v1 and an outlook to SysML v2 Perfect for system architects and system engineers, Model-Based System Architecture will also earn a place in the libraries of students and researchers studying functional architectures.
Architecture and Principles of Systems Engineering by Charles Dickerson,Dimitri N. Mavris Pdf
The rapid evolution of technical capabilities in the systems engineering (SE) community requires constant clarification of how to answer the following questions: What is Systems Architecture? How does it relate to Systems Engineering? What is the role of a Systems Architect? How should Systems Architecture be practiced? A perpetual reassessment of concepts and practices is taking place across various systems disciplines at every level in the SE community. Architecture and Principles of Systems Engineering addresses these integral issues and prepares you for changes that will be occurring for years to come. With their simplified discussion of SE, the authors avoid an overly broad analysis of concepts and terminology. Applying their substantial experience in the academic, government, and commercial R&D sectors, this book is organized into detailed sections on: Foundations of Architecture and Systems Engineering Modeling Languages, Frameworks, and Graphical Tools Using Architecture Models in Systems Analysis and Design Aerospace and Defense Systems Engineering Describing ways to improve methods of reasoning and thinking about architecture and systems, the text integrates concepts, standards, and terminologies that embody emerging model-based approaches but remain rooted in the long-standing practices of engineering, science, and mathematics. With an emphasis on maintaining conceptual integrity in system design, this text describes succinct practical approaches that can be applied to the vast array of issues that readers must resolve on a regular basis. An exploration of the important questions above, this book presents the authors’ invaluable experience and insights regarding the path to the future, based on what they have seen work through the power of model-based approaches to architecture and systems engineering.
Software Architecture by Oliver Vogel,Ingo Arnold,Arif Chughtai,Timo Kehrer Pdf
As a software architect you work in a wide-ranging and dynamic environment. You have to understand the needs of your customer, design architectures that satisfy both functional and non-functional requirements, and lead development teams in implementing the architecture. And it is an environment that is constantly changing: trends such as cloud computing, service orientation, and model-driven procedures open up new architectural possibilities. This book will help you to develop a holistic architectural awareness and knowledge base that extends beyond concrete methods, techniques, and technologies. It will also help you to acquire or expand the technical, methodological, and social competences that you need. The authors place the spotlight on you, the architect, and offer you long-term architectural orientation. They give you numerous guidelines, checklists, and best practices to support you in your practical work. "Software Architecture" offers IT students, software developers, and software architects a holistic and consistent orientation across relevant topics. The book also provides valuable information and suggestions for system architects and enterprise architects, since many of the topics presented are also relevant for their work. Furthermore, IT project leads and other IT managers can use the book to acquire an enhanced understanding of architecture. Further information is available at www.software-architecture-book.org.
Model-Based System Architecture by Tim Weilkiens,Jesko G. Lamm,Stephan Roth,Markus Walker Pdf
Presents modeling approaches that can be performed in SysML and other modeling languages This book combines the emerging discipline of systems architecting with model-based approaches using SysML. The early chapters of the book provide the fundamentals of systems architecting; discussing what systems architecting entails and how it benefits systems engineering. Model-based systems engineering is then defined, and its capabilities to develop complex systems on time and in a feasible quality are discussed. The remainder of the book covers important topics such as: architecture descriptions; architecture patterns; perspectives, viewpoints, views and their relation to system architecture; the roles of a system architect, their team, and stakeholders; systems architecting processes; agile approaches to systems architecting; variant modeling techniques; architecture frameworks; and architecture assessment. The book's organization allows experts to read the chapters out of sequence. Novices can read the chapters sequentially to gain a systematic introduction to system architecting. Model-Based System Architecture: Provides comprehensive coverage of the Functional Architecture for Systems (FAS) method created by the authors and based on common MBSE practices Covers architecture frameworks, including the System of Systems, Zachman Frameworks, TOGAF®, and more Includes a consistent example system, the “Virtual Museum Tour” system, that allows the authors to demonstrate the systems architecting concepts covered in the book Model-Based System Architecture is a comprehensive reference for system architects and systems engineers in technology companies. This book will also serve as a reference to students and researchers interested in functional architectures. Tim Weilkiens is the CEO at the German consultancy oose Innovative Informatik and co-author of the SysML specification. He has introduced model-based systems engineering to a variety of industry sectors. He is author of several books about modeling and the MBSE methodology SYSMOD. Jesko G. Lamm is a Senior Systems Engineer at Bernafon, a Swiss manufacturer for hearing instruments. With Tim Weilkiens, Jesko G. Lamm founded the Functional Architectures working group of the German chapter of INCOSE. Stephan Roth is a coach, consultant, and trainer for systems and software engineering at the German consultancy oose Innovative Informatik. He is a state-certified technical assistant for computer science from Physikalisch-Technische Lehranstalt (PTL) Wedel and a certified systems engineer (GfSE)®- Level C. Markus Walker works at Schindler Elevator in the research and development division as elevator system architect. He is an INCOSE Certified Systems Engineering Professional (CSEP) and is engaged in the committee of the Swiss chapter of INCOSE.
SYSTEMS ENGINEERING HANDBOOK A comprehensive reference on the discipline and practice of systems engineering Systems engineering practitioners provide a wide range of vital functions, conceiving, developing, and supporting complex engineered systems with many interacting elements. The International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE) Systems Engineering Handbook describes the state-of-the-good-practice of systems engineering. The result is a comprehensive guide to systems engineering activities across any number of possible projects. From automotive to defense to healthcare to infrastructure, systems engineering practitioners are at the heart of any project built on complex systems. INCOSE Systems Engineering Handbook readers will find: Elaboration on the key systems life cycle processes described in ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288:2023; Chapters covering key systems engineering concepts, system life cycle processes and methods, tailoring and application considerations, systems engineering in practice, and more; and Appendices, including an N2 diagram of the systems engineering processes and a detailed topical index. The INCOSE Systems Engineering Handbook is a vital reference for systems engineering practitioners and engineers in other disciplines looking to perform or understand the discipline of systems engineering.
Software Process Improvement and Capability Determination by Antanas Mitasiunas,Terry Rout,Rory V. O’Connor,Alec Dorling Pdf
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Software Process Improvement and Capability Determination, SPICE 2014, held in Vilnius, Lithuania, in November 2014. The 21 revised full papers presented together with 6 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 49 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on developing process models for assessment; software process and models; software models and product lines; assessment; agile processes; processes improvement and VSE.
PrefaceTo understand anything, you should not try to understand everything. — Aristotle The whole is greater than the sum of the parts; the part is greater than a fraction of the whole. — Aristotle Architecting is a challenging process of abstraction, composition, modularity, and simplification to create an architecture specification. An architecture specification captures the essence and definition of the system: understanding, parts, and the relationships among the parts. An architecture specification defines how a system solves a business problem within the scope of the business. — Putman Leave the beaten track occasionally and dive into the woods. You will be certain to find something that you have never seen before. — Alexander Graham Bell There are large gaps in the theory and practice of software architecture and engineering. Much is published about the representation of a software architecture, such as the Unified Modeling Language (UML), but little is available about the specification for a software architecture. Software engineering methods of domain engineering, process modeling languages, and well-formed patterns of reasoning aid in the specification of an architecture. The Reference Model of Open Distributed Processing (RM-ODP) defines the standard reference model for distributed software systems architectures, based on object-oriented techniques, accepted at the international level. RM-ODP is a standard adopted by the International Standards Organization (ISO) and the International Telecommunications Union (ITU). RM-ODP is embedded and used actively in mission-critical systems industries such as in telecommunications, in health care, on Wall Street (financial services industry), in various Government systems (Logistics), in European Government Agencies such as UK Aviation control systems, as a foundation for the Object Management Group (OMG) Object Management Architecture (OMA), for defining enterprise architectures, and for defining software architectures. The software systems architecture work that is emerging, and is focused either at the component level or at the systems level, provides a key resource for architecting. This is enhanced by the architecting techniques of RM-ODP. This book assembles these great ideas, explains what they mean, and shows how to use them for practical benefit, along with real-world case study examples. By using the RM-ODP specification constructs, associated languages, architecture patterns of reasoning, semantic behavior specification, and conformance testing abilities, readers will be able to architect their specific systems based on the RM-ODP specification foundations, and specify architectures that work. One of the purposes of this book is to provide the approach to using the RM-ODP foundations in architecting and specifying a distributed processing system that addresses such key properties as interoperability, dependability, portability, integration, composability, scalability, transparency, behavior specification, quality of service, policy management, federation, and conformance validation. Another purpose of this book is to explain the underlying foundations for creating an architectural specification. These foundations come not only from RM-ODP, but also from the current work in software systems architecture. Another purpose is to guide the reader to understand the importance and benefits of creating an architecture specification for an enterprise. Yet another purpose is to provide the reader with the principles to construct software systems architecture (at both introductory and in-depth levels). By applying the proven techniques of RM-ODP for what makes a good architecture, readers will be able to build their own tailored architectures, and clearly represent them in UML or some other tool, with an understanding of the underlying principles. Practitioners of RM-ODP have found that the standard is extremely beneficial in guiding architecture definition and providing standard terminology/principles for distributed object applications and infrastructures from an enterprise perspective. Outstanding Features This book is intended to provide valuable insight into successful architecture specification by describing an unprecedented foundation to accomplish this task, describing the use of the foundation, explaining the relationships of the concepts of architecting, explaining the relationships of the concepts of distributed processing, and identifying the right methods and possible tools for architecting. All material for the book has been derived from actual experiences. A medical case study is used throughout the book in ever increasing detailed specification. This medical case study is based on actual experience of the author. In addition, many metamodels are provided to represent the concepts of RM-ODP. All of these metamodels are contributions from the author. This is information that readers can use and apply in their architecting today. RM-ODP provides a reference framework, grammars, methods of abstraction and composition, and separation of concerns to achieve an architecture specification of the system. RM-ODP provides a framework for this separation, using viewpoints, as well as separating out certain decisions (e.g., product decisions) until later. Further, the reference model provides a set of definitions, which always aids in communicating with others. There is little in the literature about RM-ODP or architecture specification, and certainly not a book dedicated as a tutorial of these subjects. Now there is. In summary, this book offers the following: How to manage the architecting process in the lifecycle of a system How to solve many architecture reuse and cost-effectiveness problems How to create a business specification How to understand and use the concepts of distributed processing in an architecture How to architect effectively How to specify an architecture How to understand and specify semantic behavior and nonfunctional properties of a system (the "ilities") How to provide the right level of detail in an architecture specification How to ensure the implementation conforms to the architecture specification How to use RM-ODP effectively How to use popular tools, such as UML, to describe an architecture A definitive tutorial of RM-ODP Audience This book is designed for: Those in the Distributed Software Systems Architecture community who are interested in a methodology for using proven architecture principles. Professional software architects who are looking for new ideas about architecting a system. Within this book, the reader will find discussions of the techniques for architecting, for creating an architecture specification, and RM-ODP's relationship to other architecture frameworks. Program managers interested in how to create a cost-effective architecture within their enterprise that focuses on the needs of the enterprise and solves an enterprise problem. They will learn how do to do this through an overview of RM-ODP, the program benefits for using it, and where RM-ODP fits in the system lifecycle process. Systems engineers interested in the lifecycle approach to enterprise architecture specification. Experienced engineers interested in expanding their understanding of how to create a valid architecture specification and gain an understanding of the distributed processing system concepts, why certain constructions are valid and why some are not, what is to be specified and how, and some new ideas and approaches to architecting a system. The reader will be able to develop a collection of useful distributed processing architecting techniques that expand upon the current software systems architecture capabilities. Developers interested in the practice of architecture specification and aligning current technology to achieve a workable system, while allowing evolutionary changes in technology solutions. Researchers interested in solutions and aids for furthering the research work in architecture specification. Individuals in the software community who are generally interested in the application of an architecture method. Readers will find examples of the applications of RM-ODP and specific analysis techniques. The expected audience will be novice and mid-level program managers, software engineers, those in the IEEE, DoD, research communities, consortia, and general architecture readers. This book can be used as a textbook and reference book for studies in the methods of architecture; for graduate studies in software architecture specification; for training information about software architecture and RM-ODP; for further education of consultants, integration specialists, and acquisition managers who need to approve and fund such work; and for researchers who are expanding the discipline of software architecture. The inclusion of RM-ODP will bring to the U.S., principally, the outstanding work that was accomplished by the international standards working group. In brief, the RM-ODP principles form a solution set and foundation for all software architecting endeavors. It is the formalized framework for this topic, and at the International Standard (IS) level of acceptance. It forms a solution set and foundation for reuse of design patterns to provide cost-effective software architecture. It is the process for this topic, but has never before been described in a book. Many program managers (who typically set the stage as to the methodology of choice for a project), software engineers, and researchers in academia and in DARPA are unaware of the power and solutions provided by the standard, or the process of identifying and instantiating reuse of all the expensive assets of architecture. Many do not realize that there is a language for specifying software-intensive distributed processing, and that language is precisely and rigorously defined in RM-ODP for reuse. Those debating definitions for architecture, system, interface, and others can reuse the internationally agreed upon definitions. Finally, with the inclusion of RM-ODP and its relationship to other architecture frameworks, it is expected that many software engineers will benefit from reading this work, since it will be the first time these subjects are discussed in print. How to Use This Book This book is divided into four parts, aimed at increasing levels of detail. Part One provides an overview of the field of software architecture, an RM-ODP primer for managers, and an RM-ODP primer for architects. Part Two provides an in-depth study of RM-ODP and how to use it. Areas of importance and utility from RM-ODP are highlighted. Ambiguity in RM-ODP is highlighted. Warnings in the use of RM-ODP are highlighted. Part Three provides a discussion of the principal architecture patterns of use, arranged by topic. Several of these patterns of use come from emerging work under the initiative of RM-ODP, as well as lessons learned from the practice of RM-ODP. These patterns of reasoning used by the architect are founded on the principals of RM-ODP, as discussed in Part Two of the book. Part Four concludes with relating RM-ODP to other architecture methods. It also provides emerging technologies to further the patterns of reasoning for use in architecting, and a set of architecting heuristics. The information contained in this book is organized in a manner that provides clear insight into the world of distributed software-intensive processing architecture for designers and developers who are familiar with information systems technology, but want to know more about how to build a good architecture. Starting with a tutorial about software architecture, and then a tutorial about the standard for software architecture, the reader need not be an expert in the area of international standards, RM-ODP, software architecture, or specific technologies. The book goes on to address the needs of the variety of readers for which it is intended. Each chapter in the book provides an overview of the subject of the chapter, as well as a summary. For those who wish a broad brush exposure to RM-ODP, the primers of Part One provide this, as well as the overviews and summaries in each chapter of interest. As each chapter progresses, in Parts Two and Three, more and more in-depth detail is provided. The readings of these chapters are aimed at those who wish to know the technical details of a topic. There are two case studies used throughout the book, at various levels of detail. The primary case study is a Hospital enterprise, based upon the author's experience with the medical profession. A secondary case study is an airline reservation system, also based upon the author's experience. These case studies are used to describe the concepts of RM-ODP, and to show how they might be used.
Presents information to create a trade-off analysis framework for use in government and commercial acquisition environments This book presents a decision management process based on decision theory and cost analysis best practices aligned with the ISO/IEC 15288, the Systems Engineering Handbook, and the Systems Engineering Body of Knowledge. It provides a sound trade-off analysis framework to generate the tradespace and evaluate value and risk to support system decision-making throughout the life cycle. Trade-off analysis and risk analysis techniques are examined. The authors present an integrated value trade-off and risk analysis framework based on decision theory. These trade-off analysis concepts are illustrated in the different life cycle stages using multiple examples from defense and commercial domains. Provides techniques to identify and structure stakeholder objectives and creative, doable alternatives Presents the advantages and disadvantages of tradespace creation and exploration techniques for trade-off analysis of concepts, architectures, design, operations, and retirement Covers the sources of uncertainty in the system life cycle and examines how to identify, assess, and model uncertainty using probability Illustrates how to perform a trade-off analysis using the INCOSE Decision Management Process using both deterministic and probabilistic techniques Trade-off Analytics: Creating and Exploring the System Tradespace is written for upper undergraduate students and graduate students studying systems design, systems engineering, industrial engineering and engineering management. This book also serves as a resource for practicing systems designers, systems engineers, project managers, and engineering managers. Gregory S. Parnell, PhD, is a Research Professor in the Department of Industrial Engineering at the University of Arkansas. He is also a senior principal with Innovative Decisions, Inc., a decision and risk analysis firm and has served as Chairman of the Board. Dr. Parnell has published more than 100 papers and book chapters and was lead editor of Decision Making for Systems Engineering and Management, Wiley Series in Systems Engineering (2nd Ed, Wiley 2011) and lead author of the Handbook of Decision Analysis (Wiley 2013). He is a fellow of INFORMS, the INCOSE, MORS, and the Society for Decision Professionals.
Information Technology and Computer Application Engineering by Hsiang-Chuan Liu,Wen-Pei Sung,Wenli Yao Pdf
This proceedings volume brings together some 189 peer-reviewed papers presented at the International Conference on Information Technology and Computer Application Engineering, held 27-28 August 2013, in Hong Kong, China. Specific topics under consideration include Control, Robotics, and Automation, Information Technology, Intelligent Computing and Telecommunication, Computer Science and Engineering, Computer Education and Application and other related topics. This book provides readers a state-of-the-art survey of recent innovations and research worldwide in Information Technology and Computer Application Engineering, in so-doing furthering the development and growth of these research fields, strengthening international academic cooperation and communication, and promoting the fruitful exchange of research ideas. This volume will be of interest to professionals and academics alike, serving as a broad overview of the latest advances in the dynamic field of Information Technology and Computer Application Engineering.
Viewpoint-based Flexible Information System Architectures by Dmitri Valeri Panfilenko Pdf
Information system architecture (ISA) specification as a part of software engineering field has been an information systems research topic since the 60's of the 20th century. There have been manifold specification methodologies over the recent decades, developed newly or adapted in order to target the domains of software modelling, legacy systems, steel production, and automotive safety. Still, there exist considerable issues constituting the need for a flexible ISA development, e.g. incomplete methodology for requirements in model-driven architectures, lacking qualitative methods for thorough definition and usage of viewpoints. Currently existing methods for information system architecture specification usually de- vise the target architectures either addressing only a part of software life-cycles or neglect- ing less structured information. The method for flexible information system architectures (FISA) specification uses the viewpoint concept for mediating the domain expert and technical system levels. The FISA-method defines construction and application reference models based on the ANSI/IEEE Standard 1471-2000, viewpoints with model transfor- mations based on OMG-Standard Model-Driven Architecture (MDA), and four different approaches for ISA specification, thus providing for flexibility both in construction and refactoring procedures. The development of FISA-method has been based on a thorough analysis of the ISA specification method field and constructs a comprehensive procedure and reference engi- neering models for flexible ISA specification. The genericity of the conceived construction and application procedure models of FISA allows for its usage not only in research, but also in industry settings, as presented on illustrative scenarios in steel manufacturing and automotive safety.
Model-based System and Architecture Engineering with the Arcadia Method by Jean-Luc Voirin Pdf
This book presents ARCADIA—a tooled method devoted to systems and architecture engineering, especially for those dealing with strong constraints to be reconciled (cost, performance, safety, security, reuse, consumption, weight). The book describes the detailed reasoning necessary to: understand the real customer need; define and share the product architecture among all engineering stakeholders; early validate its design and justify it; and ease and master integration, validation, verification and qualification (IVVQ). Offers a comprehensive examination of systems engineering, including the use of models to support it Not only yet another book on modeling, but rather a journey in systems engineering, enlightening the use of models to support it. Focuses on solitary modeling tasks while also covering prime collaborations between engineering stakeholders Examines modeling techniques to capture and share architecture and to early verify it against need and non-functional constraints Addresses subjects not usually covered by model-based system engineering (MBSE) methods, such as co-engineering with specialties, system/sub-system co-engineering, integration verification and validation Features a powerful, dedicated tool (Capella) Covers a range of topics, including an introduction to system engineering issues, an introduction to MBSE, a presentation of the method for beginners and a handy reference manual for advanced users
This book provides a new approach to systems architecting not previously available. The book provides a compact innovative procedure for architecting any type of system. Systems Architecting: Methods and Examples describes a method of system architecting that is believed to be a substantial improvement over "methods" previously covered in other systems architecting books. Incorporates analytic procedure (decision analysis) Defines and evaluates alternative architectures Improves upon existing architecting methods Considers cost-effectiveness of alternatives Provides for competitive analysis and its advantages Shows alternatives on one simple and easily understood page With the book’s relatively straightforward approach, it shows how to architect systems in a way that both developers and clients/customers can readily understand. It uses one of the essential principles suggested by Rechtin and Maier, namely, Simplify, Simplify, Simplify. Systems engineers as well as students taking systems engineering courses will find this book of interest.
