The Middle Classes In Latin America

Author : Mario Barbosa Cruz,A. Ricardo López-Pedreros,Claudia Stern
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 604 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2022-07-13
Category : History
ISBN : 9781000605686

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The Middle Classes in Latin America by Mario Barbosa Cruz,A. Ricardo López-Pedreros,Claudia Stern Pdf

As a collective effort, this volume locates the formation of the middle classes at the core of the histories of Latin America in the last two centuries. Featuring scholars from different places across the Americas, it is an interdisciplinary contribution to the world histories of the middle classes, histories of Latin America, and intersectional studies. It also engages a larger audience about the importance of the middle classes to understand modernity, democracy, neoliberalism, and decoloniality. By including research produced from a variety of Latin American, North American, and other audiences, the volume incorporates trends in social history, cultural studies and discursive theory. It situates analytical categories of race and gender at the core of class formation. This volume seeks to initiate a critical and global conversation concerning the ways in which the analysis of the middle classes provides crucial re-readings of how Latin America, as a region, has historically been understood.

Author : Omar Pereyra
Publisher : Lexington Books
Page : 159 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2014-11-20
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780739191071

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Contemporary Middle Class in Latin America by Omar Pereyra Pdf

In the last decades, the Latin American middle class is growing in size while becoming more heterogeneous. Sustained economic growth explains its increasing size, but behind its heterogeneity there is not only the diversification of lifestyles, but also the crystallization of a large process of upward social mobility of second and third generation migrants to capital cities and their incorporation into middle-class positions. In the last decades, these individuals are now part of the different spheres of socialization formerly occupied by the traditional middle class: private schools, college and universities, middle-class jobs and occupations, and traditional middle-class neighborhoods. To explore the genesis of this phenomenon and its consequences, the author studies Residential San Felipe, a quintessential traditional middle-class neighborhood in Lima, Peru, which is currently receiving an important influx of upwardly mobile families. The case of San Felipe shows that inside the contemporary middle class a strong boundary between the “traditional middle class” and the “new middle class” permeates the everyday life of the neighborhood. However, though this difference between the “traditional” and “new middle class” is recognized by all residents of San Felipe, its relevance as well as the elements at the basis of this distinction varies.

Author : David Stuart Parker,Louise E. Walker
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 237 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780739168530

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Latin America's Middle Class by David Stuart Parker,Louise E. Walker Pdf

As middle classes in developing countries grow in size and political power, do they foster stable democracies and prosperous, innovative economies? Or do they encourage crass materialism, bureaucratic corruption, unrealistic social demands, and ideological polarization? These questions have taken on a new urgency in recent years but they are not new, having first appeared in the mid twentieth century in debates about Latin America. At a moment when exploding middle classes in the global South increasingly capture the world's attention, these Latin American classics are ripe for revisiting. Part One of the book introduces key debates from the 1950s and 1960s, when Cold War era scholars questioned whether or not the middle class would be a force for democracy and development, to safeguard Latin America against the perceived challenge of Revolutionary Cuba. While historian John J. Johnson placed tentative faith in the positive transformative power of the "middle sectors," others were skeptical. The striking disagreements that emerge from these texts lend themselves to discussion about the definition, character, and complexity of the middle classes, and about the assumptions that underpinned twentieth-century modernization theory. Part Two brings together more recent case studies from Mexico, Peru, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, and Argentina, written by scholars influenced by contemporary trends in social and cultural history. These authors highlight issues of language, identity, gender, and the multiple faces and forms of power. Their studies bring flesh-and-blood Latin Americans to the forefront, reconstructing the daily lives of underpaid office workers, harried housewives and striving professionals, in order to revisit questions that the authors in Part One tended to approach abstractly. They also pay attention to changing cultural understandings and political constructions of who "the middle class" is and what it means to be middle class. Designed with the classroom and non-specialist reader in mind, the book has a comprehensive critical introduction, and each selection is preceded by a short description setting the context and introducing key themes.

Author : Francisco H. G. Ferreira,Julian Messina,Jamele Rigolini,Luis-Felipe Lopez-Calva,Maria Ana Lugo,Renos Vakis,Luis Felipe Ló,pez-Calva
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 203 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2012-11-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780821397237

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Economic Mobility and the Rise of the Latin American Middle Class by Francisco H. G. Ferreira,Julian Messina,Jamele Rigolini,Luis-Felipe Lopez-Calva,Maria Ana Lugo,Renos Vakis,Luis Felipe Ló,pez-Calva Pdf

After decades of stagnation, the size of Latin America's middle class recently expanded to the point where, for the first time ever, the number of people in poverty is equal to the size of the middle class. This volume investigates the nature, determinants and possible consequences of this remarkable process of social transformation. We propose an original definition of the middle class, tailor-made for Latin America, centered on the concept of economic security and thus a low probability of falling into poverty. Given our definition of the middle class, there are four, not three, classes in Latin America. Sandwiched between the poor and the middle class there lies a large group of people who appear to make ends meet well enough, but do not enjoy the economic security that would be required for membership of the middle class. We call this group the 'vulnerable'. In an almost mechanical sense, these transformations in Latin America reflect both economic growth and declining inequality in over the period. We adopt a measure of mobility that decomposes the 'gainers' and 'losers' in society by social class of each household. The continent has experienced a large amount of churning over the last 15 years, at least 43% of all Latin Americans changed social classes between the mid 1990s and the end of the 2000s. Despite the upward mobility trend, intergenerational mobility, a better proxy for inequality of opportunity, remains stagnant. Educational achievement and attainment remain to be strongly dependent upon parental education levels. Despite the recent growth in pro-poor programs, the middle class has benefited disproportionally from social security transfers and are increasingly opting out from government services. Central to the region's prospects of continued progress will be its ability to harness the new middle class into a new, more inclusive social contract, where the better-off pay their fair share of taxes, and demand improved public services.

Author : J. Dayton-Johnson
Publisher : Springer
Page : 209 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2015-01-27
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781137320797

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Latin America's Emerging Middle Classes by J. Dayton-Johnson Pdf

Politicians, business leaders and citizens look with hope to the Latin American middle class for political stability and purchasing power, but the economic position of the middle class remains vulnerable. The contributors document the remarkable emergence of this middle group in Latin America, whose measurement turns out not to be an easy task.

Author : Christian Suter,S. Madheswaran,B.P. Vani
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2020-05-21
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781000076219

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The Middle Class in World Society by Christian Suter,S. Madheswaran,B.P. Vani Pdf

This volume delves into the study of the world’s emerging middle class. With essays on Europe, the United States, Africa, Latin America, and Asia, the book studies recent trends and developments in middle class evolution at the global, regional, national, and local levels. It reconsiders the conceptualization of the middle class, with a focus on the diversity of middle class formation in different regions and zones of world society. It also explores middle class lifestyles and everyday experiences, including experiences of social mobility, feelings of insecurity and anxiety, and even middle class engagement with social activism. Drawing on extensive fieldwork and in-depth interviews, the book provides a sophisticated analysis of this new and rapidly expanding socioeconomic group and puts forth some provocative ideas for intellectual and policy debates. It will be of importance to students and researchers of sociology, economics, development studies, political studies, Latin American studies, and Asian Studies.

Author : Patrick Barr-Melej
Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press
Page : 307 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2002-11-25
Category : History
ISBN : 9780807875612

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Reforming Chile by Patrick Barr-Melej Pdf

Highlighting the crucial yet largely overlooked role played by society's middle layers in the historical development of Latin America, Patrick Barr-Melej provides the first comprehensive analysis of the rise of Chile's middle-class reform movement and its profound impact on that country's cultural and political landscapes. He shows how a diverse collection of middle-class intellectuals, writers, politicians, educators, and bureaucrats forged a "progressive" nationalism and advanced an ambitious cultural-political project between the 1890s and 1940s. Together, reformers challenged the power of elite groups and sought to quell working-class revolutionary activism as they endeavored to democratize culture and fortify liberal democracy. Using sources that range from archival documents and newspapers to short stories, novels, and school textbooks, Barr-Melej examines the reform movement's cultural ideas and their political applications, especially as they were articulated in the areas of literature and public education. In the process, he provides a new framework for understanding Chile's cultural and political evolution, as well as the complicated place of the middle class in a society experiencing the swift changes inherent in capitalist modernization.

Author : A. Ricardo López-Pedreros
Publisher : Duke University Press
Page : 234 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2019-03-28
Category : History
ISBN : 9781478003298

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Makers of Democracy by A. Ricardo López-Pedreros Pdf

In Makers of Democracy A. Ricardo López-Pedreros traces the ways in which a thriving middle class was understood to be a foundational marker of democracy in Colombia during the second half of the twentieth century. Drawing on a wide array of sources ranging from training manuals and oral histories to school and business archives, López-Pedreros shows how the Colombian middle class created a model of democracy based on free-market ideologies, private property rights, material inequality, and an emphasis on a masculine work culture. This model, which naturalized class and gender hierarchies, provided the groundwork for Colombia's later adoption of neoliberalism and inspired the emergence of alternate models of democracy and social hierarchies in the 1960s and 1970s that helped foment political radicalization. By highlighting the contested relationships between class, gender, economics, and politics, López-Pedreros theorizes democracy as a historically unstable practice that exacerbated multiple forms of domination, thereby prompting a rethinking of the formation of democracies throughout the Americas.

Author : Christian Suter,S. Madheswaran,B.P. Vani
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 401 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2020-05-21
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781000076158

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The Middle Class in World Society by Christian Suter,S. Madheswaran,B.P. Vani Pdf

This volume delves into the study of the world’s emerging middle class. With essays on Europe, the United States, Africa, Latin America, and Asia, the book studies recent trends and developments in middle class evolution at the global, regional, national, and local levels. It reconsiders the conceptualization of the middle class, with a focus on the diversity of middle class formation in different regions and zones of world society. It also explores middle class lifestyles and everyday experiences, including experiences of social mobility, feelings of insecurity and anxiety, and even middle class engagement with social activism. Drawing on extensive fieldwork and in-depth interviews, the book provides a sophisticated analysis of this new and rapidly expanding socioeconomic group and puts forth some provocative ideas for intellectual and policy debates. It will be of importance to students and researchers of sociology, economics, development studies, political studies, Latin American studies, and Asian Studies.

Author : Andrew Hunter Whiteford
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 218 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 1980
Category : Popayán (Colombia)
ISBN : NWU:35556020562237

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Two Cities of Latin America by Andrew Hunter Whiteford Pdf

Author : Diane E. Davis
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2004-03-22
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : OSU:32435070985940

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Discipline and Development by Diane E. Davis Pdf

Publisher Description

Author : Louise E. Walker
Publisher : Stanford University Press
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2013-02-20
Category : History
ISBN : 9780804784573

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Waking from the Dream by Louise E. Walker Pdf

When the postwar boom began to dissipate in the late 1960s, Mexico's middle classes awoke to a new, economically terrifying world. And following massacres of students at peaceful protests in 1968 and 1971, one-party control of Mexican politics dissipated as well. The ruling Institutional Revolutionary Party struggled to recover its legitimacy, but instead saw its support begin to erode. In the following decades, Mexico's middle classes ended up shaping the history of economic and political crisis, facilitating the emergence of neo-liberalism and the transition to democracy. Waking from the Dream tells the story of this profound change from state-led development to neo-liberalism, and from a one-party state to electoral democracy. It describes the fraught history of these tectonic shifts, as politicians and citizens experimented with different strategies to end a series of crises. In the first study to dig deeply into the drama of the middle classes in this period, Walker shows how the most consequential struggles over Mexico's economy and political system occurred between the middle classes and the ruling party.

Author : Brian P. Owensby
Publisher : Stanford University Press
Page : 350 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : History
ISBN : 9780804743402

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Intimate Ironies by Brian P. Owensby Pdf

Focusing on the period between 1920 and 1950, the author looks beyond ideologies to reveal how middle-class men and women strained to wrest order from the ordeal of change.

Author : D. S. Parker
Publisher : Penn State Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2010-11-01
Category : History
ISBN : 027104313X

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Idea of the Middle Class by D. S. Parker Pdf

Examines the origins, lifestyles, and influence of the middle class in Peru during the first half of the 20th century. In their pursuit of protective legislation, higher pay, and better working conditions, white-collar workers, or empleados, recast long-standing cultural notions of rank and respectability. Their ideas inspired a series of legal reforms reinforcing the distinction between manual and nonmanual workers that became a permanent feature of Peruvian labor law and practice. Paper edition (unseen), $19.95. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Author : Fernando Henrique Cardoso,Enzo Faletto
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 255 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2024-03-29
Category : History
ISBN : 9780520342118

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Dependency and Development in Latin America by Fernando Henrique Cardoso,Enzo Faletto Pdf

At the end of World War II, several Latin American countries seemed to be ready for industrialization and self-sustaining economic growth. Instead, they found that they had exchanged old forms of political and economic dependence for a new kind of dependency on the international capitalism of multinational corporations. In the much-acclaimed original Spanish edition (Dependencia y Desarrollo en América Latina) and now in the expanded and revised English version, Cardoso and Faletto offer a sophisticated analysis of the economic development of Latin America. The economic dependency of Latin America stems not merely from the domination of the world market over internal national and "enclave" economies, but also from the much more complex interact ion of economic drives, political structures, social movements, and historically conditioned alliances. While heeding the unique histories of individual nations, the authors discern four general stages in Latin America's economic development: the early outward expansion of newly independent nations, the political emergence of the middle sector, the formation of internal markets in response to population growth, and the new dependence on international markets. In a postscript for this edition, Cardoso and Faletto examine the political, social and economic changes of the past ten years in light of their original hypotheses.