The Millennium Problems

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The Millennium Prize Problems

James Carlson,Arthur Jaffe,Andrew Wiles
The Millennium Prize Problems Book PDF

Author : James Carlson,Arthur Jaffe,Andrew Wiles
Publisher : American Mathematical Society, Clay Mathematics Institute
Page : 185 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2023-09-14
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781470474607

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The Millennium Prize Problems by James Carlson,Arthur Jaffe,Andrew Wiles Pdf

On August 8, 1900, at the second International Congress of Mathematicians in Paris, David Hilbert delivered his famous lecture in which he described twenty-three problems that were to play an influential role in mathematical research. A century later, on May 24, 2000, at a meeting at the Collège de France, the Clay Mathematics Institute (CMI) announced the creation of a US$7 million prize fund for the solution of seven important classic problems which have resisted solution. The prize fund is divided equally among the seven problems. There is no time limit for their solution. The Millennium Prize Problems were selected by the founding Scientific Advisory Board of CMI—Alain Connes, Arthur Jaffe, Andrew Wiles, and Edward Witten—after consulting with other leading mathematicians. Their aim was somewhat different than that of Hilbert: not to define new challenges, but to record some of the most difficult issues with which mathematicians were struggling at the turn of the second millennium; to recognize achievement in mathematics of historical dimension; to elevate in the consciousness of the general public the fact that in mathematics, the frontier is still open and abounds in important unsolved problems; and to emphasize the importance of working towards a solution of the deepest, most difficult problems. The present volume sets forth the official description of each of the seven problems and the rules governing the prizes. It also contains an essay by Jeremy Gray on the history of prize problems in mathematics.

The Millennium Problems

Keith J. Devlin
The Millennium Problems Book PDF

Author : Keith J. Devlin
Publisher : Granta Books
Page : 237 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Mathematical recreations
ISBN : 1862077355

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The Millennium Problems by Keith J. Devlin Pdf

In 2000, the Clay Foundation of Cambridge, Massachusetts, announced a historic competition: Whoever could solve any of seven extraordinarily difficult mathematical problems, and have the solution acknowledged as correct by the experts, would receive $1million in prize money. They encompass many of the most fascinating areas of pure and applied mathematics, from topology and number theory to particle physics, cryptography, computing and even aircraft design. Keith Devlin describes here what the seven problems are, how they came about, and what they mean for mathematics and science. In the hands of Devlin, each Millennium Problem becomes a fascinating window onto the deepest questions in the field.

The Poincaré Conjecture

Donal O'Shea
The Poincar Conjecture Book PDF

Author : Donal O'Shea
Publisher : Penguin UK
Page : 284 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2008-10-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780141900346

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The Poincaré Conjecture by Donal O'Shea Pdf

The Poincaré Conjecture tells the story behind one of the world’s most confounding mathematical theories. Formulated in 1904 by Henri Poincaré, his Conjecture promised to describe the very shape of the universe, but remained unproved until a huge prize was offered for its solution in 2000. Six years later, an eccentric Russian mathematician had the answer. Here, Donal O’Shea explains the maths behind the Conjecture and its proof, and illuminates the curious personalities surrounding this perplexing conundrum, along the way taking in a grand sweep of scientific history from the ancient Greeks to Christopher Columbus. This is an enthralling tale of human endeavour, intellectual brilliance and the thrill of discovery.

The Millennium Prize Problems

James A. Carlson,Arthur Jaffe,Andrew Wiles,Clay Mathematics Institute,American Mathematical Society
The Millennium Prize Problems Book PDF

Author : James A. Carlson,Arthur Jaffe,Andrew Wiles,Clay Mathematics Institute,American Mathematical Society
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 082183679X

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The Millennium Prize Problems by James A. Carlson,Arthur Jaffe,Andrew Wiles,Clay Mathematics Institute,American Mathematical Society Pdf

"On May 24, 2000, at a meeting at the Collège de France, the Clay Mathematics Institute announced the creation of a US$7 million prize fund for the solution of seven important classic problems that have resisted solution. The prize fund is divided equally among the seven problems. There is no time limit for their solution. The Millennium Prize problems gives the official description of each of the seven problems and the rules governing the prizes"--Information screen.

The Girl who Played with Fire

Stieg Larsson
The Girl who Played with Fire Book PDF

Author : Stieg Larsson
Publisher : Vintage
Page : 738 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Blomkvist, Mikael (Fictitious character)
ISBN : 9780307476159

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The Girl who Played with Fire by Stieg Larsson Pdf

When the reporters to a sex-trafficking exposé are murdered and computer hacker Lisbeth Salander is targeted as the killer, Mikael Blomkvist, the publisher of the exposé, investigates to clear Lisbeth's name.

The Great Mathematical Problems

Ian Stewart
The Great Mathematical Problems Book PDF

Author : Ian Stewart
Publisher : Profile Books
Page : 340 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2013-03-07
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781847653512

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The Great Mathematical Problems by Ian Stewart Pdf

There are some mathematical problems whose significance goes beyond the ordinary - like Fermat's Last Theorem or Goldbach's Conjecture - they are the enigmas which define mathematics. The Great Mathematical Problems explains why these problems exist, why they matter, what drives mathematicians to incredible lengths to solve them and where they stand in the context of mathematics and science as a whole. It contains solved problems - like the Poincar Conjecture, cracked by the eccentric genius Grigori Perelman, who refused academic honours and a million-dollar prize for his work, and ones which, like the Riemann Hypothesis, remain baffling after centuries. Stewart is the guide to this mysterious and exciting world, showing how modern mathematicians constantly rise to the challenges set by their predecessors, as the great mathematical problems of the past succumb to the new techniques and ideas of the present.

What's Happening in the Mathematical Sciences

Barry Cipra
What s Happening in the Mathematical Sciences Book PDF

Author : Barry Cipra
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
Page : 108 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2024-06-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 0821890433

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What's Happening in the Mathematical Sciences by Barry Cipra Pdf

Mathematicians like to point out that mathematics is universal. In spite of this, most people continue to view it as either mundane (balancing a checkbook) or mysterious (cryptography). This fifth volume of the What's Happening series contradicts that view by showing that mathematics is indeed found everywhere-in science, art, history, and our everyday lives. Here is some of what you'll find in this volume: Mathematics and Science Mathematical biology: Mathematics was key tocracking the genetic code. Now, new mathematics is needed to understand the three-dimensional structure of the proteins produced from that code. Celestial mechanics and cosmology: New methods have revealed a multitude of solutions to the three-body problem. And other new work may answer one of cosmology'smost fundamental questions: What is the size and shape of the universe? Mathematics and Everyday Life Traffic jams: New models are helping researchers understand where traffic jams come from-and maybe what to do about them! Small worlds: Researchers have found a short distance from theory to applications in the study of small world networks. Elegance in Mathematics Beyond Fermat's Last Theorem: Number theorists are reaching higher ground after Wiles' astounding 1994 proof: new developments inthe elegant world of elliptic curves and modular functions. The Millennium Prize Problems: The Clay Mathematics Institute has offered a million dollars for solutions to seven important and difficult unsolved problems. These are just some of the topics of current interest that are covered in thislatest volume of What's Happening in the Mathematical Sciences. The book has broad appeal for a wide spectrum of mathematicians and scientists, from high school students through advanced-level graduates and researchers.

Africa and the Millennium Development Goals

Charles Mutasa,Mark Paterson
Africa and the Millennium Development Goals Book PDF

Author : Charles Mutasa,Mark Paterson
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2015-10-29
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781442256279

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Africa and the Millennium Development Goals by Charles Mutasa,Mark Paterson Pdf

This unique work by the Centre for Conflict Resolution (CCR), Cape Town, South Africa, tracks the progress Africa has made in achieving the United Nations’ Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) since 2000. The chapters are organized around the larger themes of political economy, structural issues, sustainable goals, and human development goals. Together they provide a unique assessment from experts on the ground of whether the goals were a success and what remains to be done to achieve sustainable economic and human development in Africa.

Evaluating Social Programs and Problems

Stewart I. Donaldson,Michael Scriven
Evaluating Social Programs and Problems Book PDF

Author : Stewart I. Donaldson,Michael Scriven
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 219 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2003-01-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781135636326

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Evaluating Social Programs and Problems by Stewart I. Donaldson,Michael Scriven Pdf

Today's evaluators are being challenged to help design and evaluate social programs intended to prevent and ameliorate complex social problems in a variety of settings, including schools, communities, and not-for-profit and for-profit organizations. Drawing upon the knowledge and experience of world-renowned evaluators, the goal of this new book is to provide the most up-to-date theorizing about how to practice evaluation in the new millennium. It features specific examples of evaluations of social programs and problems, including the strengths and weaknesses of the most popular and promising evaluation approaches, to help readers determine when particular methods are likely to be most effective. As such, it is the most comprehensive volume available on modern theories of evaluation practice. Evaluating Social Programs and Problems presents diverse, cutting-edge perspectives articulated by prominent evaluators and evaluation theorists on topics including, but not limited to: *Michael Scriven on evaluation as a trans-discipline; *Joseph S. Wholey on results-oriented management; *David Fetterman on empowerment evaluation; *Yvonna S. Lincoln on fourth-generation evaluation; *Donna M. Mertens on inclusive evaluation; *Stewart I. Donaldson on theory-driven evaluation; and *Melvin M. Mark on an integrated view of diverse visions for evaluation. Evaluating Social Programs and Problems is a valuable resource and should be considered required reading for practicing evaluators, evaluators-in-training, scholars and teachers of evaluation and research methods, and other professionals interested in improving social problem-solving efforts in the new millennium.

The Millennium Problems

Keith Devlin
The Millennium Problems Book PDF

Author : Keith Devlin
Publisher : Basic Books
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2003-10-16
Category : Science
ISBN : 0465017304

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The Millennium Problems by Keith Devlin Pdf

In 2000, the Clay Foundation announced a historic competition: whoever could solve any of seven extraordinarily difficult mathematical problems, and have the solution acknowledged as correct by the experts, would receive 1 million in prize money. There was some precedent for doing this: In 1900 the mathematician David Hilbert proposed twenty-three problems that set much of the agenda for mathematics in the twentieth century. The Millennium Problems--chosen by a committee of the leading mathematicians in the world--are likely to acquire similar stature, and their solution (or lack of it) is likely to play a strong role in determining the course of mathematics in the twenty-first century. Keith Devlin, renowned expositor of mathematics and one of the authors of the Clay Institute's official description of the problems, here provides the definitive account for the mathematically interested reader.

The Lost Millennium

Florin Diacu
The Lost Millennium Book PDF

Author : Florin Diacu
Publisher : Vintage Canada
Page : 322 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2010-07-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780307368935

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The Lost Millennium by Florin Diacu Pdf

Have you ever wondered how we really know what year it is? Part detective story, part conspiracy theory, part scientific history, The Lost Millennium explores the astonishing possibility that our calendar is out by a thousand years. A chance conversation at a conference in Mexico started mathematician Florin Diacu on an amazing journey to make sense of one of the strangest — and if true, most revolutionary — theories you’ll ever encounter. To understand how scientists could be sceptical about what year it is, Florin Diacu explores the fascinating history of chronology — from Egyptian horoscopes to the work of Isaac Newton, with cameos by Voltaire and Edmund Halley — making the startling discovery that our calendar is far from ironclad. It all depends, rather, on the dating of ancient events — about which there is real controversy. At once accessible and profound, The Lost Millennium examines the arguments of present-day chronological revisionists such as the Russian scholar Anatoli Fomenko, who claims that our system of dating is horribly askew. Fomenko cites evidence from ancient astronomy, linguistics and cartography, and a crucial manuscript by Ptolemy, staking his scientific prestige on a theory so controversial that it will change the way you think about time, history and the calendar on your wall. The field has also inspired its share of now-discredited cranks, such as Immanuel Velikovsky, a media celebrity of the 1950s. His notorious book Worlds in Collision argued that biblical events are incorrectly dated. Beautifully written and peopled with fascinating characters from past and present, The Lost Millennium is essential reading for anyone who believes they’re living in the year 2005.

Excursions into Mathematics

Anatole Beck,Michael N. Bleicher,Donald W. Crowe
Excursions into Mathematics Book PDF

Author : Anatole Beck,Michael N. Bleicher,Donald W. Crowe
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 526 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2020-02-24
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781000692099

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Excursions into Mathematics by Anatole Beck,Michael N. Bleicher,Donald W. Crowe Pdf

Since it was first published three decades ago, Excursions Into Mathematics has been one of the most popular mathematical books written for a general audience. Taking the reader for short "excursions" into several specific disciplines of mathematics, it makes mathematical concepts accessible to a wide audience. The Millennium Edition is updated with current research and new solutions to outstanding problems that have been discovered since the last edition was printed, such as the solution to the well-known "four-color problem." Excursions Into Mathematics: The Millennium Edition is an exciting revision of the original, much-loved classic. Everyone with an interest in mathematics should read this book.

The Millennium Development Goals: Challenges, Prospects and Opportunities

Nana Poku,Jim Whitman
The Millennium Development Goals Challenges Prospects and Opportunities Book PDF

Author : Nana Poku,Jim Whitman
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2017-07-05
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781351542449

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The Millennium Development Goals: Challenges, Prospects and Opportunities by Nana Poku,Jim Whitman Pdf

As the 15-year Millennium Development Goals approach their conclusion, we can now measure their larger successes and failures in more than snapshot fashion; and we can begin to consider how best to shape the international development agenda for the coming decades based on what we have learned. But the performance and outlook for the MDGs can neither be reduced to the sum of its eight goals, nor be divorced from international dynamics - the hard interests of states and other actors, and the global dynamics that impact on both. For that reason, this volume balances contextual analysis, the role of formative and constraining forces, the importance of normative considerations and illuminating case studies to deliver a study of the MDGs which has depth and nuance as well as breadth. Poised between judging the recent performance and the future promise of the MDGs, this book is substantial, provocative and timely.This book was published as a special issue of Third World Quarterly.

Prime Obsession

John Derbyshire
Prime Obsession Book PDF

Author : John Derbyshire
Publisher : Joseph Henry Press
Page : 446 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2003-04-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309141253

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Prime Obsession by John Derbyshire Pdf

In August 1859 Bernhard Riemann, a little-known 32-year old mathematician, presented a paper to the Berlin Academy titled: "On the Number of Prime Numbers Less Than a Given Quantity." In the middle of that paper, Riemann made an incidental remark â€" a guess, a hypothesis. What he tossed out to the assembled mathematicians that day has proven to be almost cruelly compelling to countless scholars in the ensuing years. Today, after 150 years of careful research and exhaustive study, the question remains. Is the hypothesis true or false? Riemann's basic inquiry, the primary topic of his paper, concerned a straightforward but nevertheless important matter of arithmetic â€" defining a precise formula to track and identify the occurrence of prime numbers. But it is that incidental remark â€" the Riemann Hypothesis â€" that is the truly astonishing legacy of his 1859 paper. Because Riemann was able to see beyond the pattern of the primes to discern traces of something mysterious and mathematically elegant shrouded in the shadows â€" subtle variations in the distribution of those prime numbers. Brilliant for its clarity, astounding for its potential consequences, the Hypothesis took on enormous importance in mathematics. Indeed, the successful solution to this puzzle would herald a revolution in prime number theory. Proving or disproving it became the greatest challenge of the age. It has become clear that the Riemann Hypothesis, whose resolution seems to hang tantalizingly just beyond our grasp, holds the key to a variety of scientific and mathematical investigations. The making and breaking of modern codes, which depend on the properties of the prime numbers, have roots in the Hypothesis. In a series of extraordinary developments during the 1970s, it emerged that even the physics of the atomic nucleus is connected in ways not yet fully understood to this strange conundrum. Hunting down the solution to the Riemann Hypothesis has become an obsession for many â€" the veritable "great white whale" of mathematical research. Yet despite determined efforts by generations of mathematicians, the Riemann Hypothesis defies resolution. Alternating passages of extraordinarily lucid mathematical exposition with chapters of elegantly composed biography and history, Prime Obsession is a fascinating and fluent account of an epic mathematical mystery that continues to challenge and excite the world. Posited a century and a half ago, the Riemann Hypothesis is an intellectual feast for the cognoscenti and the curious alike. Not just a story of numbers and calculations, Prime Obsession is the engrossing tale of a relentless hunt for an elusive proof â€" and those who have been consumed by it.

Mathematical Modeling of Unsteady Inviscid Flows

Jeff D. Eldredge
Mathematical Modeling of Unsteady Inviscid Flows Book PDF

Author : Jeff D. Eldredge
Publisher : Springer
Page : 461 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2019-07-22
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9783030183196

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Mathematical Modeling of Unsteady Inviscid Flows by Jeff D. Eldredge Pdf

This book builds inviscid flow analysis from an undergraduate-level treatment of potential flow to the level required for research. The tools covered in this book allow the reader to develop physics-based mathematical models for a variety of flows, including attached and separated flows past wings, fins, and blades of various shapes undergoing arbitrary motions. The book covers all of the ingredients of these models: the solution of potential flows about arbitrary body shapes in two- and three-dimensional contexts, with a particular focus on conformal mapping in the plane; the decomposition of the flow into contributions from ambient vorticity and body motion; generalized edge conditions, of which the Kutta condition is a special case; and the calculation of force and moment, with extensive treatments of added mass and the influence of fluid vorticity. The book also contains an extensive primer with all of the necessary mathematical tools. The concepts are demonstrated on several example problems, both classical and modern.