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Author : Franz Cumont
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 138 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 1929
Category : Manuscripts, English
ISBN : OCLC:223168958
Author : Franz Valery Marie Cumont
Publisher : Cosimo, Inc.
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2007-04-01
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9781602062757
Mithraism was a Roman mystery cult that drew upon the mythology of Mithras from the Persian Zoroastrian religion. In this unique book, first published in 1903, Cumont explains how the Roman version differed from the original worship of Mithras and then identifies those rituals that have some historical accuracy. Often, the Roman rituals preserved only the external trappings of Zoroastrian worship, such as using animals skins during rites and designating caves as holy places. Cumont also shows his readers how Mithraism adopted beliefs and rituals from other sources as well, creating the cult in its fully realized form. He then goes on to show how the cult fell from favor and was finally overwhelmed by Christianity. Students of history and religion, as well as anyone interested in cult religions, will find this book an intriguing journey through an obscure era.Belgian archaeologist and historian FRANZ-VALERY-MARIE CUMONT (1869-1947) wrote numerous books, often making use of his interest in philology and the study of instructions. Among his books is Life After Roman Paganism (1922).
Author : Franz Cumont
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 141 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Mithraism
ISBN : 1605063797
The Mithraic Mysteries or Mysteries of Mithras (also Mithraism) was a mystery religion practised in the Roman Empire (1st to 4th centuries AD), best attested in Rome and Ostia, Mauretania, Britain and in the provinces along the Rhine and Danube frontier.
Author : Franz Valery Marie Cumont
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 239 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 1956
Category : Mithraism
ISBN : OCLC:637587981
Author : FRANZ. CUMONT
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2020-06-30
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1138614203
First published in 1956, this seminal study, by the great Belgian scholar Franz Cumont, remains the definitive coverage and reconstruction of Mithraism in the first centuries of the Christian era.
Author : Franz Valery Marie Cumont
Publisher : Forgotten Books
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2017-10-11
Category : Religion
ISBN : 0266175988
The Mysteries of Mithra by Franz Valery Marie Cumont provides an in-depth analysis of the Mithraic religion and its subsequent decline mainly due to the ascendance of Christianity. Cumont borrows heavily from some of his previous work on the same topic by summarising detailed notes and references into its present form. Mithraic religion evolved through Asiatic and Iranian roots which is highlighted in the first section of this work dealing with the origins of the religion. The author does not provide any biased opinions on the question of faith, instead postulating theories and observations based on historical facts. One of the underlying themes in The Mysteries of Mithra is the parallels Cumont is able to draw between modern day Christianity and the Mithraic religion. The conflict between this mysterious religion and Christianity is ensconced in the lack of acceptance and assimilation of two different theological strands. Cumont is quick to appreciate the fact that reliable sources on Mithraic imagery are few and far between and hence some of its analysis is pivoted on probability. Spread across seven chapters, The Mysteries of Mithra also contains an index for quick reference and various illustrations depicting the Mithraic religious symbolisms through its evolution. The section detailing Doctrines of Mithraic Mysteries is particularly interesting as it opens up a treasure trove of lesser known facts while highlighting the subtle yet assertive similarities between Mithraism and Christianity. This title is as informative and enlightening for the casual enthusiast as it would be for scholars and students of religion. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Author : FRANZ VALERY MARIE. CUMONT
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1033118265
Author : Franz Valery Marie Cumont
Publisher : Andesite Press
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2015-08-08
Category : History
ISBN : 1296548538
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Author : G. R. S. Mead
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 1903
Category : Electronic book
ISBN : OCLC:1065909410
Author : Manfred Clauss
Publisher : Edinburgh University Press
Page : 223 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2019-06-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9781474465793
Since its publication in Germany, Manfred Clauss's introduction to the Roman Mithras cult has become widely accepted as the most reliable, as well as the most readable, account of its elusive and fascinating subject. For the English edition the author has revised the work to take account of recent research and new archaeological discoveries. The mystery cult of Mithras first became evident in Rome towards the end of the first century AD. During the next two centuries, carried by its soldier and merchant devotees, it spread to the frontier of the western empire from Britain to Bosnia. Perhaps because of odd similarities between the cult and their own religion the early Christians energetically suppressed it, frequently constructing churches over the caves (Mithraea) in which its rituals took place. By the end of the fourth century the cult was extinct.Professor Clauss draws on the archaeological evidence from over 400 temples and their contents including over a thousand representations of ritual in sculpure and painting to seek an understanding of the nature and purpose of the cult, and what its mysteries and secret rites of initiation and sacrifice meant to its devotees. In doing so he introduces the reader to the nature of the polytheistic societies of the Roman Empire, in which relations and distinctions between gods and mortals now seem strangely close and blurred. He also considers the connections of Mithraicism with astrology, and examines how far it can be seen as a direct descendant of the ancient cult of Mitra, the Persian god of contract, cattle and light. The book combines imaginative insight with coherent argument. It is well-structured, accessibly written and extensively illustrated. Richard Gordon, the translator and himself a distinguished scholar of the subject, has provided a bibliography of further reading for anglophone readers.
Author : Payam Nabarz
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2005-06-09
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9781594776328
An overview of Mithraism, the ancient Roman mystery religion popular in the Roman Legions • Provides a comprehensive history of Mithraism, including its influence on Christianity and Islam • Includes rituals, meditations, and teaching tales for readers who wish to follow the Mithraic path • Studies the evolution and divergence of the Eastern (Persian) and Western (Roman) forms of Mithraism The Mysteries of Mithras presents a revival of the magical practices and initiatory system of Mithraism, the ancient Roman mystery religion that was immensely popular in the Roman Legions from the late second century B.C. until A.D. 400 and was taken to every corner of the Roman Empire. As the last pagan state religion in Europe, it was the most important competitor to early Christianity and heavily influenced Christian doctrine and symbolism. The parallels between Christianity and ancient Mithraism are striking--for example, the god Mithra was born of a virgin in a cave on December 25. Payam Nabarz reveals the history, origins, and spiritual and philosophical tenets of Mithraism and its connections to Christianity, Islam, and Freemasonry. He also describes the modern neo-pagan practice of Mithraism in evidence today and for readers who wish to adopt the Mithraic path, he includes seven of its initiatory rituals and meditations, as well as orations and teaching tales, that open the door to the seven Mithraic grades of passage.
Author : David Ulansey
Publisher : Cosmology and Salvation in the
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : History
ISBN : 0195067886
This volume sets forth a new explanation of the meaning of the cult of Mithraism, tracing its origins not, as commonly held, to the ancient Persian religion, but to ancient astronomy and cosmology.
Author : Charles River Charles River Editors
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 80 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2018-02-20
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1985727315
*Includes pictures *Includes ancient accounts describing Mithras *Includes online resources and a bibliography for further reading *Includes a table of contents "It is as though the living tradition and written records of Christianity had disappeared from the world for fifteen hundred years, and there remained to us only a few hundred monuments and the ruins of some three-score churches. What could we glean from these of the doctrines of the faith? How, from such meagre remains, could we reconstruct the story of the God, the saving doctrines, the rituals, the liturgies?" - G.R.S. Mead, The Mysteries of Mithra In the early Roman Empire, as Christianity struggled to gain a foothold and survive in the polytheistic pool of Roman theology, its greatest rivals weren't the Caesars or the Roman aristocracy but rather the faith and devotion of the common Roman legionary. The faith of these men was centered on the god Mithras, who, they believed, led them to victory upon the field of battle and had done so for nearly four centuries Despite this widespread belief among soldiers, the cult of Mithras was not a creation of the Romans, although they would eventually add their own rituals and mysteries to the ancient religion. In fact, the Mithraic religion was an Indo-Persian creation, a theology which managed to travel from India and back into the Hellenic and Roman world by way of Alexander the Great's conquest of the Persian Empire. Eventually, the cult of Mithras would spread across the ancient world, and Mithras would be worshiped from the mountains of India to the coasts of Spain. As a result, the cult of Mithras could ultimately be found in every corner of the Roman Empire. The Mithras cult was one of the many "mystery religions" that the Romans adopted, several of which came from cultures outside of Rome. Isis, an Egyptian goddess, and Cybele, an Anatolian goddess, were both popular with Roman women, while Mithras, which was a variation of the name of the Zoroastrian demigod Mithra, was popular with Roman soldiers and the political elite for over 400 years. Since the Mithras cult, like all of the Roman mystery cults, was esoteric in nature, the exact nature of the influence other cultures had on the cult remains unknown, but some archaeological evidence has led modern scholars to make educated deductions. Some believe that the conscription of Persian soldiers into the Roman army and continued contact between the Parthians and Romans led to some members of the ever-eclectic Roman society adopting the cult directly from the Parthian/Zoroastrian religion (Clark 2001, 157). This seems like the most plausible explanation, but others have argued that the Mithras cult was actually a Roman religion that was given a Parthian faade to make it appear more exotic in order to attract Romans who were enthralled with eastern spirituality (Clark 2001, 157). The best evidence to determine the origins of the Mithras cult can be found in the many temples throughout Europe that the Romans erected to the god. These temples, known as mithraea, were subterranean chambers where the secret rituals of the cult took place. The best evidence from extant mithraea are the reliefs on the altars, which depict a graphic mythological story. The altar reliefs usually depict the god slaughtering a bull and often accompanied by a leaping dog (Clark 2001, 158). The references to Zoroastrian theology are unmistakable; the bull slaughter is similar to an account from a Zoroastrian text (the Bundahishen), while dogs were viewed as asha animals in Zoroastrian theology and an important part of the funerary ritual (Clark 2001, 158). The detailed iconography on the Mithras altars suggests that the inventors of the Mithras cult had more than just a superficial knowledge of Zoroastrianism, which in turn indicates a provenance of the religion somewhere in Persian or Parthia.
Author : Richard Arthur Francis Barrett
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 432 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 1847
Category : Bible
ISBN : WISC:89094588704
Author : Attilio Mastrocinque
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 386 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Mithraism
ISBN : 3161551184
