The Natural And The Normative

Author : Gary Carl Hatfield
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 394 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : History
ISBN : 0262080869

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The Natural and the Normative by Gary Carl Hatfield Pdf

Gary Hatfield examines theories of spatial perception from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century and provides a detailed analysis of the works of Kant and Helmholtz, who adopted opposing stances on whether central questions about spatial perception were amenable to natural-scientific treatment. At stake were the proper understanding of the relationships among sensation, perception, and experience, and the proper methodological framework for investigating the mental activities of judgment, understanding, and reason issues which remain at the core of philosophical psychology and cognitive science. Hatfield presents these important issues as living philosophies of science that shape and are shaped by actual research programs, creating a complex and fascinating picture of the entire nineteenth-century battle between nativism and empiricism. His examination of Helmholtz's work in physiological optics and epistemology is a tour de force. Gary Hatfield is Associate Professor of Philosophy at the University of Pennsylvania.

Author : Michael P. Wolf,Jeremy Randel Koons
Publisher : Springer
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2016-08-31
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783319336879

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The Normative and the Natural by Michael P. Wolf,Jeremy Randel Koons Pdf

Drawing on a rich pragmatist tradition, this book offers an account of the different kinds of ‘oughts’, or varieties of normativity, that we are subject to contends that there is no conflict between normativity and the world as science describes it. The authors argue that normative claims aim to evaluate, to urge us to do or not do something, and to tell us how a state of affairs ought to be. These claims articulate forms of action-guidance that are different in kind from descriptive claims, with a wholly distinct practical and expressive character. This account suggests that there are no normative facts, and so nothing that needs any troublesome shoehorning into a scientific account of the world. This work explains that nevertheless, normative claims are constrained by the world, and answerable to reason and argumentation, in a way that makes them truth-apt and objective.

Author : Gary Carl Hatfield
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : Space perception
ISBN : OCLC:867315401

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The Natural and the Normative by Gary Carl Hatfield Pdf

Author : James O'Shea
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2015-02-13
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781509500864

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Wilfrid Sellars by James O'Shea Pdf

The work of the American philosopher Wilfrid Sellars continues to have a significant impact on the contemporary philosophical scene. His writings have influenced major thinkers such as Rorty, McDowell, Brandom, and Dennett, and many of Sellars basic conceptions, such as the logical space of reasons, the myth of the given, and the manifest and scientific images, have become standard philosophical terms. Often, however, recent uses of these terms do not reflect the richness or the true sense of Sellars original ideas. This book gets to the heart of Sellars philosophy and provides students with a comprehensive critical introduction to his lifes work. The book is structured around what Sellars himself regarded as the philosophers overarching task: to achieve a coherent vision of reality that will finally overcome the continuing clashes between the world as common sense takes it to be and the world as science reveals it to be. It provides a clear analysis of Sellars groundbreaking philosophy of mind, his novel theory of consciousness, his defense of scientific realism, and his thoroughgoing naturalism with a normative turn. Providing a lively examination of Sellars work through the central problem of what it means to be a human being in a scientific world, this book will be a valuable resource for all students of philosophy.

Author : Hannah Ginsborg
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 373 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199547975

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The Normativity of Nature by Hannah Ginsborg Pdf

Why read Kant's Critique of Judgment? For most readers, the importance of the work lies in its contributions to aesthetics and, to a lesser extent, the philosophy of biology. Hannah Ginsborg, by contrast, sees the Critique of Judgment as a central contribution to the understanding of human cognition generally. The fourteen essays collected here advance a common interpretive project: that of bringing out the philosophical significance of the notion of judgment which figures in the third Critique and showing its importance both to Kant's own theoretical philosophy and to contemporary views of human thought and cognition. For us to possess the capacity of judgment, on the interpretation defended here, is for our natural perceptual and imaginative responses to involve a claim to their own normativity with respect to the objects which cause them. It is in virtue of this capacity that we are able not merely to respond discriminatively to objects, as animals do, but to bring objects under concepts. The Critique of Judgment, on this reading, rejects the traditional dichotomy between the natural and the normative: our natural psychological responses to the spatio-temporal objects which affect our senses are both causally determined by those objects, and normatively appropriate to them. The essays in this book aim collectively to develop and illuminate this understanding of judgment in its own right, and to use it to address specific interpretive issues in Kant's aesthetics, theory of knowledge, and philosophy of biology; they are also concerned to bring out the relevance of this conception of judgment to contemporary debates regarding concept-acquisition, the content of perception, and skepticism about rules and meaning.

Author : Mark J. Cherry
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 229 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2009-05-27
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789048123018

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The Normativity of the Natural by Mark J. Cherry Pdf

Western philosophy has long nurtured the hope to resolve moral controversies through reason; thereby to secure moral direction and human meaning without the need for a defining encounter with God or the transcendent. The expectation is for a moral rationality that is universal and able adequately to frame and guide the moral life. Moral and cultural unity was sought though philosophical reflection on human nature and the basic goods of a properly nurtured and virtuous life—that is, through appeal to what has come to be called the natural law. The natural law addresses permissible moral choice through objective understandings of human nature and human goods. Persons are obligated to act in ways that are compatible with creating and integrating the basic human goods into their lives and the lives of others. Such goods provide the basis for practical reasoning about virtuous choices and immediate reasons for action. The goal is the making of rational choices in the pursuit of a virtuous, flourishing, human life. Natural law theorists have argued extensively against human cloning, abortion, and same-gender marriage. Yet, whose assumptions regarding human nature should guide our understanding of the basic goods that mark the full flourishing human life? Moreover, why should nature, even human nature, be thought of as a moral boundary beyond which one must not trespass? Persons may wish actively to direct human evolution, utilizing the tools of both imagination and biotechnology. Perhaps nature is simply a challenge to be addressed, overcome, and set aside. This volume is a critical exploration of natural law theory.

Author : Matti Eklund
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9780198717829

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Choosing Normative Concepts by Matti Eklund Pdf

Theorists working on metaethics and the nature of normativity typically study goodness, rightness, what ought to be done, and so on. In their investigations they employ and consider our actual normative concepts. But the actual concepts of goodness, rightness, and what ought to be done are only some of the possible normative concepts there are. There are other possible concepts, ascribing different properties. Matti Eklund explores the consequences of this thought, for example for the debate over normative realism, and for the debate over what it is for concepts and properties to be normative. Conceptual engineering - the project of considering how our concepts can be replaced by better ones - has become a central topic in philosophy. Eklund applies this methodology to central normative concepts and discusses the special complications that arise in this case. For example, since talk of improvement is itself normative, how should we, in the context, understand talk of a concept being better?

Author : Terence Cuneo
Publisher : Clarendon Press
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2010-03-04
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191614811

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The Normative Web by Terence Cuneo Pdf

Antirealist views about morality claim that moral facts or truths do not exist. Do these views imply that other types of normative facts, such as epistemic ones, do not exist? The Normative Web develops a positive answer to this question. Terence Cuneo argues that the similarities between moral and epistemic facts provide excellent reason to believe that, if moral facts do not exist, then epistemic facts do not exist. But epistemic facts, it is argued, do exist: to deny their existence would commit us to an extreme version of epistemological skepticism. Therefore, Cuneo concludes, moral facts exist. And if moral facts exist, then moral realism is true. In so arguing, Cuneo provides not simply a defense of moral realism, but a positive argument for it. Moreover, this argument engages with a wide range of antirealist positions in epistemology such as error theories, expressivist views, and reductionist views of epistemic reasons. If the central argument of The Normative Web is correct, antirealist positions of these varieties come at a very high cost. Given their cost, Cuneo contends, we should find realism about both epistemic and moral facts highly attractive.

Author : Gary Hatfield
Publisher : Bradford Book
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 1991-01-10
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0262515350

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The Natural and the Normative by Gary Hatfield Pdf

Gary Hatfield examines theories of spatial perception from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century and provides a detailed analysis of the works of Kant and Helmholtz, who adopted opposing stances on whether central questions about spatial perception were amenable to natural-scientific treatment. At stake were the proper understanding of the relationships among sensation, perception, and experience, and the proper methodological framework for investigating the mental activities of judgment, understanding, and reason issues which remain at the core of philosophical psychology and cognitive science. Hatfield presents these important issues as living philosophies of science that shape and are shaped by actual research programs, creating a complex and fascinating picture of the entire nineteenth-century battle between nativism and empiricism. His examination of Helmholtz's work in physiological optics and epistemology is a tour de force.

Author : Meir Dan-Cohen
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 273 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780199985203

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Normative Subjects by Meir Dan-Cohen Pdf

Combining constructivist and hermeneutical themes, this book explores normative aspects of human self creation seen as a matter of fixing and elaborating the values and norms that shape human identity, individually and collectively.

Author : Stephen Finlay
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 289 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2016-11
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780190649630

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Confusion of Tongues by Stephen Finlay Pdf

Can normative words like 'good', 'ought', and 'reason' be defined in non-normative terms? Stephen Finlay argues that they can, advancing a new theory of the meaning of this language and providing pragmatic explanations of the specially problematic features of its moral and deliberative uses which comprise the puzzles of metaethics.

Author : Ralph Wedgwood
Publisher : Clarendon Press
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2007-07-19
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199251315

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The Nature of Normativity by Ralph Wedgwood Pdf

The Nature of Normativity presents a complete theory about the nature of normative thought - that is, the sort of thought that is concerned with what ought to be the case, or what we ought to do or think. Ralph Wedgwood defends a kind of realism about the normative, according to which normative truths or facts are genuinely part of reality.

Author : Peter Schaber
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
Page : 181 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2013-05-02
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783110327694

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Normativity and Naturalism by Peter Schaber Pdf

At the centre of the metaethical debate that took off from G.E. Moore's Principia Ethica (1903) was his critique of ethical naturalism. While Moore's own arguments against ethical naturalism find little acceptance these days, an alternative ground for thinking that ethical properties and facts could not be natural has gained prominence: No natural account can be given of normativity. This collection contains original essays from both sides of the debate. Representing a wide range of metaethical views, the authors develop diverse accounts of normativity and discuss what it means for a concept to be natural. Contributions are by Norbert Anwander, David Copp, Neil Roughley, Peter Schaber, Thomas Schmidt, Tatjana Tarkian, and Theo van Willigenburg.

Author : Miodrag A. Jovanović
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 287 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2019-04-25
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781108473330

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The Nature of International Law by Miodrag A. Jovanović Pdf

The Nature of International Law provides a comprehensive analytical account of international law within the prototype theory of concepts.

Author : Bebhinn Donnelly
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 174 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2016-03-03
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781317187486

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A Natural Law Approach to Normativity by Bebhinn Donnelly Pdf

Exploring the relationship between natural law theory and the philosophy of law, Bebhinn Donnelly proposes a new approach to natural law theory - one which addresses some of the tradition's shortcomings and advances further its approach to Hume's dichotomy. Key features: ¢ Provides a clear definition of `nature' in this context ¢ Contrasts the work of Hume and Kant regarding the `is/ought' issue ¢ Examines the approach in traditional natural law ¢ Presents a full discussion of Finnis and the departure from traditional natural law ¢ Proposes a new, natural law approach to normativity, drawing on the strengths of traditional natural law theory ¢ Illustrates how natural law may provide a normative base for law A Natural Law Approach to Normativity presents an original perspective on natural law theory and will be of interest to academics in philosophy of law, moral/political philosophy, natural law theorists, and students of jurisprudence internationally.