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Author : George Hatheway Willis,Fred L. Springborn
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 1967
Category : Foreign exchange
ISBN : UOM:39015035111544
Author : United States. Department of the Treasury
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 44 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 1967
Category : Electronic
ISBN : MINN:30000011080656
Author : J. de Beaufort Wijnholds
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2013-11-11
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781468469547
International monetary economics essentially deals with three problems, viz. the nature and stability of the international monetary system, the balance of payments adjustment process, and international liquidity (reserves and credit facilities). All three categories are interrelated. The exchange rate system has an important bearing on the manner in which the adjustment process functions, as well as on the need for international liquidity. The adjustment process is an important determinant of the need for international liquidity. The adequacy of international liquidity influences the working of the adjustment process. Ultimately, developments in international liquidity and in the adjustment process determine the nature and stability of the international monetary system; a sustained malfunctioning of the adjustment process - brought about by a serious imbalance in international liquidity or by other causes - will bring about a new international monetary system, either through collapse or reform of the old system. This study deals only with the problem of international liquidity. However, it touches on the two other main aspects of international monetary economics insofar as they have a bearing on international reserves and credit facilities. In the literature international liquidity is most often defined as including international reserves (gold, SDRs, foreign exchange and claims on the IMF) and international credit facilities (IMF drawing rights, EEC support arrangements and central bank multilateral and bilateral credit facilities). This definition will also be followed in this study.
Author : Anne Y. Kester
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 86 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2001-10-23
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UCSD:31822031385131
International financial crises in the late 1990s revealed that deficiencies in countrieѕђة́ international reserves and related information made it difficult to anticipate and respond to crises by obscuring financial weaknesses and imbalances. This volume sets forth an innovative framework to assess countrieѕђة́ international reserves and foreign currency liquidity. The framework takes account of official balance sheet and off-balance-sheet financial activities, future and potential demand for foreign exchange to meet official obligations, the availability of official foreign currency assets to meet such demand, and official risk exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. This work clarifies what international reserves are, and how international reserves and related information should be strengthened to promote informed decision making in the public and private sectors, thereby helping improve the functioning of global financial markets.
Author : International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 258 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2015-01-07
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484350164
This update of the guidelines published in 2001 sets forth the underlying framework for the Reserves Data Template and provides operational advice for its use. The updated version also includes three new appendices aimed at assisting member countries in reporting the required data.
Author : John Marcus Fleming
Publisher : Princeton, N. J. : International Finance Section, Department of Economics, Princeton University
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 1967
Category : Balance of payments
ISBN : UOM:49015001167270
Author : Scott Roger
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 116 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Foreign exchange
ISBN : STANFORD:36105008927985
Author : États-Unis. Treasury department
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 33 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 1967
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:460297768
Author : Eugen Dimant
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 29 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2011-02
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9783640820498
Scientific Essay from the year 2010 in the subject Economics - Finance, grade: 1.3, University of Paderborn, course: International Finance, language: English, abstract: In the aftermath of various crises such as the Asian financial crisis at the end of the nineties, which had a huge impact on the national and globalized political economies worldwide, a process of massive reserve accumulation started, especially in East Asia [Bar-Ilan/Marion 2009: 802]. This process of reserve accumulation initiated a rapid change of the world's pattern causing changing demands that need to be handled since the beginning of the new century. The so called globalized world realized that not only the power they were given to affect own policies and long term contingency approaches should be taken into account, but also they had to admit that intergovernmental interaction needs to play a decisive role in every deliberation of political and financial activity. Having the present economic situation in mind, almost every day new banks and financial institutions are collapsing while driving down the world further in a downward spiral. Obviously, the confidence and reliance on the conceptual skills concerning financial matters is suffering tremendously ever since these crises and need to be reestablished contemporarily in order to stimulate the indispensable demand for goods and services. Since 1997, the emerging markets have boosted their international reserve holdings by 60% [Walters/Cruz 2008: 665] and even the developing nations increased their foreign exchange reserves from around 8% in the 80s to almost 30% of GDP in 2004 [Rodrik 2006: 4]. Therefore, this paper will have a closer look on what the immanent theoretical justifications declare from the economical point of view and clarify what effects this process has especially on the Brazilian economy. The reason for having this discussion is the fact that "reserve inadequacy could affect individual countries differently" and thereby ea
Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 34 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2004-08-16
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1589062604
These guidelines are intended to assist countries in strengthening their policy frameworks for reserve management so that they can become more resilient to shocks that may originate from global financial markets or within the domestic financial system. The guidelines have been developed as part of a broader IMF work program to help strengthen international financial architecture, to promote policies and practices that contribute to stability and transparency in the financial sector, and to reduce external vulnerabilities of member countries.
Author : J. A. H. de Beaufort Wijnholds
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 1977
Category : International finance
ISBN : LCCN:77370622
Author : International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 136 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 1983-09-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781451949278
This paper presents the Supplement on international reserves, the sixth in the series of supplements to International Financial Statistics (IFS) that comprises textual material commencing with an historical perspective of international reserves. This is followed by a discussion on the methodology covering the concepts underlying the reserves data in IFS: the data collection and presentation procedures; the related data in the money and banking, and balance-of-payments sections in IFS; and a summary of the national concepts of reserves. Statistics on international reserves are important indicators of the external economic performance of countries. A country's holdings of international reserves represent its ability to meet balance of payments needs through official financial settlements. The establishment of the IMF led to the creation of a reserve asset in the form of a gold tranche position reflecting a member's subscription to the IMF in gold. To the extent that the IMF made use of a member's currency in drawings of other countries, a creation of new reserves was involved.
Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 54 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2014-12-19
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781498342445
Reserves have a central place in the policy tool kit of most economies, providing insurance against shocks. In conjunction with sound policies, they can help reduce the likelihood of balance of payment crises and preserve economic and financial stability. Reserves, however, can result from both precautionary and non-precautionary policy objectives and institutional settings. While they can bring several important benefits, reserve holdings can sometimes be costly. This paper brings together recent Fund work on reserve adequacy issues aiming to strengthen their discussion in bilateral surveillance. Despite the ongoing debate on reserve issues, there is little consensus about how to assess reserve holdings in different economies, even though this is an important aspect of a member’s external stability assessment. The work stream of which this paper is part aims to fill this gap by outlining a framework for discussing reserve adequacy issues in different economies. In this regard, the paper also forms part of the Fund’s response to the 2012 IEO evaluation of the Fund’s advice related to international reserves, which recommended, inter alia, that assessments of international reserves in bilateral surveillance reports should be more detailed and reflect country circumstances. To this end, the paper proposes that, where warranted, individual country Article IV reports include a fuller discussion of the authorities’ stated objectives (precautionary and non-precautionary) for holding reserves, an assessment of the reserve needs for precautionary purposes, and a discussion of the cost of reserves. The aim would be to ensure evenhandedness so that countries with similar circumstances are assessed in similar ways, while allowing the depth and emphasis of this discussion to vary depending on country conditions and needs
Author : M. June Flanders
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 100 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 1971
Category : Developing countries
ISBN : UOM:39015062229631
Author : John Nugée
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 69 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Foreign exchange administration
ISBN : 1857301560