The Origins Of Jewish Secularization In Eighteenth Century Europe

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The Origins of Jewish Secularization in Eighteenth-Century Europe

Shmuel Feiner
The Origins of Jewish Secularization in Eighteenth Century Europe Book PDF

Author : Shmuel Feiner
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
Page : 347 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2011-06-06
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9780812201895

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The Origins of Jewish Secularization in Eighteenth-Century Europe by Shmuel Feiner Pdf

Throughout the eighteenth century, an ever-sharper distinction emerged between Jews of the old order and those who were self-consciously of a new world. As aspirations for liberation clashed with adherence to tradition, as national, ethnic, cultural, and other alternatives emerged and a long, circuitous search for identity began, it was no longer evident that the definition of Jewishness would be based on the beliefs and practices surrounding the study of the Torah. In The Origins of Jewish Secularization in Eighteenth-Century Europe Shmuel Feiner reconstructs this evolution by listening to the voices of those who participated in the process and by deciphering its cultural codes and meanings. On the one hand, a great majority of observant Jews still accepted the authority of the Talmud and the leadership of the rabbis; on the other, there was a gradually more conspicuous minority of "Epicureans" and "freethinkers." As the ground shifted, each individual was marked according to his or her place on the path between faith and heresy, between devoutness and permissiveness or indifference. Building on his award-winning Jewish Enlightenment, Feiner unfolds the story of critics of religion, mostly Ashkenazic Jews, who did not take active part in the secular intellectual revival known as the Haskalah. In open or concealed rebellion, Feiner's subjects lived primarily in the cities of western and central Europe—Altona-Hamburg, Amsterdam, London, Berlin, Breslau, and Prague. They participated as "fashionable" Jews adopting the habits and clothing of the surrounding Gentile society. Several also adopted the deist worldview of Enlightenment Europe, rejecting faith in revelation, the authority of Scripture, and the obligation to observe the commandments. Peering into the synagogue, observing individuals in the coffeehouse or strolling the boulevards, and peeking into the bedroom, Feiner recovers forgotten critics of religion from both the margins and the center of Jewish discourse. His is a pioneering work on the origins of one of the most significant transformations of modern Jewish history.

The Jewish Eighteenth Century

Shmuel Feiner
The Jewish Eighteenth Century Book PDF

Author : Shmuel Feiner
Publisher : Indiana University Press
Page : 561 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2020-12-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9780253049476

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The Jewish Eighteenth Century by Shmuel Feiner Pdf

The eighteenth century was the Jews' first modern century. The deep changes that took place during its course shaped the following generations, and its most prominent voices still reverberate today. In this first volume of his magisterial work, Shmuel Feiner charts the twisting and fascinating world of the first half of the 18th century from the viewpoint of the Jews of Europe. Paying careful attention to life stories, to bright and dark experiences, to voices of protest, to aspirations of reform, and to strivings for personal and general happiness, Feiner identifies the tectonic changes that were taking place in Europe and their unprecedented effects on and among Jews. From the religious and cultural revolution of the Haskalah (Jewish Enlightenment) to the question of whether Jews could be citizens of any nation, Feiner presents a broad view of how this century of upheaval altered the map of Europe and the Jews who called it home.

The Jewish Eighteenth Century, Volume 2

Shmuel Feiner
The Jewish Eighteenth Century Volume 2 Book PDF

Author : Shmuel Feiner
Publisher : Olamot Humanities and Social S
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2023-04-04
Category : History
ISBN : 0253065143

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The Jewish Eighteenth Century, Volume 2 by Shmuel Feiner Pdf

The second volume of Shmuel Feiner's The Jewish Eighteenth Century covers the period from 1750 to 1800, a time of even greater upheavals, tensions, and challenges. The changes that began to emerge at the beginning of the eighteenth century matured in the second half. Feiner explores how political considerations of the Jewish minority throughout Europe began to expand. From the "Jew Bill" of 1753 in Britain, to the surprising series of decrees issued by Joseph II of Austria that expanded tolerance in Austria, to the debate over emancipation in revolutionary France, the lives of the Jews of Europe became ever more intertwined with the political, social, economic, and cultural fabric of the continent. The Jewish Eighteenth Century, Volume 2: A European Biography, 1750-1800 concludes Feiner's landmark study of the history of Jewish populations in the period. By combining an examination of the broad and profound processes that changed the familiar world from the ground up with personal experiences of those who lived through them, it allows for a unique explanation of these momentous events.

The Jewish Eighteenth Century, Volume 2

Shmuel Feiner
The Jewish Eighteenth Century Volume 2 Book PDF

Author : Shmuel Feiner
Publisher : Indiana University Press
Page : 646 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2023-04-04
Category : History
ISBN : 9780253065155

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The Jewish Eighteenth Century, Volume 2 by Shmuel Feiner Pdf

The second volume of Shmuel Feiner's The Jewish Eighteenth Century covers the period from 1750 to 1800, a time of even greater upheavals, tensions, and challenges. The changes that began to emerge at the beginning of the eighteenth century matured in the second half. Feiner explores how political considerations of the Jewish minority throughout Europe began to expand. From the "Jew Bill" of 1753 in Britain, to the surprising series of decrees issued by Joseph II of Austria that expanded tolerance in Austria, to the debate over emancipation in revolutionary France, the lives of the Jews of Europe became ever more intertwined with the political, social, economic, and cultural fabric of the continent. The Jewish Eighteenth Century, Volume 2: A European Biography, 1750-1800 concludes Feiner's landmark study of the history of Jewish populations in the period. By combining an examination of the broad and profound processes that changed the familiar world from the ground up with personal experiences of those who lived through them, it allows for a unique explanation of these momentous events.

The Jewish Enlightenment

Shmuel Feiner
The Jewish Enlightenment Book PDF

Author : Shmuel Feiner
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
Page : 456 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2011-08-17
Category : History
ISBN : 9780812200942

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The Jewish Enlightenment by Shmuel Feiner Pdf

At the beginning of the eighteenth century most European Jews lived in restricted settlements and urban ghettos, isolated from the surrounding dominant Christian cultures not only by law but also by language, custom, and dress. By the end of the century urban, upwardly mobile Jews had shaved their beards and abandoned Yiddish in favor of the languages of the countries in which they lived. They began to participate in secular culture and they embraced rationalism and non-Jewish education as supplements to traditional Talmudic studies. The full participation of Jews in modern Europe and America would be unthinkable without the intellectual and social revolution that was the Haskalah, or Jewish Enlightenment. Unparalleled in scale and comprehensiveness, The Jewish Enlightenment reconstructs the intellectual and social revolution of the Haskalah as it gradually gathered momentum throughout the eighteenth century. Relying on a huge range of previously unexplored sources, Shmuel Feiner fully views the Haskalah as the Jewish version of the European Enlightenment and, as such, a movement that cannot be isolated from broader eighteenth-century European traditions. Critically, he views the Haskalah as a truly European phenomenon and not one simply centered in Germany. He also shows how the republic of letters in European Jewry provided an avenue of secularization for Jewish society and culture, sowing the seeds of Jewish liberalism and modern ideology and sparking the Orthodox counterreaction that culminated in a clash of cultures within the Jewish community. The Haskalah's confrontations with its opponents within Jewry constitute one of the most fascinating chapters in the history of the dramatic and traumatic encounter between the Jews and modernity. The Haskalah is one of the central topics in modern Jewish historiography. With its scope, erudition, and new analysis, The Jewish Enlightenment now provides the most comprehensive treatment of this major cultural movement.

Jewish Culture in Early Modern Europe

Richard I. Cohen,Natalie B. Dohrmann,Elchanan Reiner,Adam Shear
Jewish Culture in Early Modern Europe Book PDF

Author : Richard I. Cohen,Natalie B. Dohrmann,Elchanan Reiner,Adam Shear
Publisher : Hebrew Union College Press
Page : 407 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2014-12-31
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780822980360

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Jewish Culture in Early Modern Europe by Richard I. Cohen,Natalie B. Dohrmann,Elchanan Reiner,Adam Shear Pdf

David B. Ruderman's groundbreaking studies of Jewish intellectuals as they engaged with Renaissance humanism, the Scientific Revolution, and the Enlightenment have set the agenda for a distinctive historiographical approach to Jewish culture in early modern Europe, from 1500 to 1800. From his initial studies of Italy to his later work on eighteenth-century English, German, and Polish Jews, Ruderman has emphasized the individual as a representative or exemplary figure through whose life and career the problems of a period and cultural context are revealed. Thirty-one leading scholars celebrate Ruderman's stellar career in essays that bring new insight into Jewish culture as it is intertwined in Jewish, European, Ottoman, and American history. The volume presents probing historical snapshots that advance, refine, and challenge how we understand the early modern period and spark further inquiry. Key elements explored include those inspired by Ruderman's own work: the role of print, the significance of networks and mobility among Jewish intellectuals, the value of extraordinary individuals who absorbed and translated so-called external traditions into a Jewish idiom, and the interaction between cultures through texts and personal encounters of Jewish and Christian intellectuals. While these elements can be found in earlier periods of Jewish history, Ruderman and his colleagues point to an intensification of mobility, the dissemination of knowledge, and the blurring of boundaries in the early modern period. These studies present a rich and nuanced portrait of a Jewish culture that is both a contributing member and a product of early modern Europe and the Ottoman Empire. As director of the Herbert D. Katz Center for Advanced Judaic Studies at the University of Pennsylvania, Ruderman has fostered a community of scholars from Europe, North America, and Israel who work in the widest range of areas that touch on Jewish culture. He has worked to make Jewish studies an essential element of mainstream humanities. The essays in this volume are a testament to the haven he has fostered for scholars, which has and continues to generate important works of scholarship across the entire spectrum of Jewish history.

The Jewish Eighteenth Century, Volume 2

Shmuel Feiner
The Jewish Eighteenth Century Volume 2 Book PDF

Author : Shmuel Feiner
Publisher : Indiana University Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2023-03-07
Category : History
ISBN : 0253065151

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The Jewish Eighteenth Century, Volume 2 by Shmuel Feiner Pdf

The second volume of Shmuel Feiner's The Jewish Eighteenth Century covers the period from 1750 to 1800, a time of even greater upheavals, tensions, and challenges. The changes that began to emerge at the beginning of the eighteenth century matured in the second half. Feiner explores how political considerations of the Jewish minority throughout Europe began to expand. From the "Jew Bill" of 1753 in Britain, to the surprising series of decrees issued by Joseph II of Austria that expanded tolerance in Austria, to the debate over emancipation in revolutionary France, the lives of the Jews of Europe became ever more intertwined with the political, social, economic, and cultural fabric of the continent. The Jewish Eighteenth Century, Volume 2: A European Biography, 1750–1800 concludes Feiner's landmark study of the history of Jewish populations in the period. By combining an examination of the broad and profound processes that changed the familiar world from the ground up with personal experiences of those who lived through them, it allows for a unique explanation of these momentous events.

The Jews, Instructions for Use

Paolo Bernardini,Diego Lucci
The Jews Instructions for Use Book PDF

Author : Paolo Bernardini,Diego Lucci
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 1936235749

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The Jews, Instructions for Use by Paolo Bernardini,Diego Lucci Pdf

This book examines the four most-important projects for Jewish emancipation in 18th-century Europe. Focusing on the combination of humanitarian and utilitarian arguments and objectives in the proposals to redefine the legal and social status of the Jews, this book is a particularly useful resource for scholars and students interested in the history of Jewish-Gentile relations and the Age of Enlightenment.

Jews in Poland-Lithuania in the Eighteenth Century

Gershon David Hundert
Jews in Poland Lithuania in the Eighteenth Century Book PDF

Author : Gershon David Hundert
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 307 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2004-02-10
Category : History
ISBN : 9780520238442

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Jews in Poland-Lithuania in the Eighteenth Century by Gershon David Hundert Pdf

Annotation A history of Jews in Poland-Lithuania in the eighteenth century which argues that this largest Jewish community in the world at that time must be at the center of consideration of modernity in Jewish history.

Moses Hirschel and Enlightenment Breslau

David Heywood Jones
Moses Hirschel and Enlightenment Breslau Book PDF

Author : David Heywood Jones
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2020-10-16
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783030462352

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Moses Hirschel and Enlightenment Breslau by David Heywood Jones Pdf

Breslau has been almost entirely forgotten in the Anglophone sphere as a place of Enlightenment. Moreover, in the context of the Jewish Enlightenment, Breslau has never been discussed as a place of intercultural exchange between German-speaking Jewish, Protestant and Catholic intellectuals. An intellectual biography of Moses Hirschel offers an excellent case-study to investigate the complex reciprocal relationship between Jewish and non-Jewish enlighteners in a prosperous and influential Central European city at the turn of the 18th century.

Episodes in Early Modern and Modern Christian-Jewish Relations

Anita Virga
Episodes in Early Modern and Modern Christian Jewish Relations Book PDF

Author : Anita Virga
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 227 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2016-09-23
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9781443812849

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Episodes in Early Modern and Modern Christian-Jewish Relations by Anita Virga Pdf

The history of the Christian-Jewish relations is full of curious, intense, and occasionally tragic episodes. In the dialectical development of the Western monotheistic religions, Judaism plays the role of the “thesis”, of the origins and background for the rise of Christianity and Islam. With the rise of Christianity, Judaism was progressively marginalized, since it was denied the same essence and validity of Christianity, which grew immensely in terms of spiritual and secular power. Christian scholars since the Middle Ages looked at Judaism as at the “broken staff” in the evolutionist line of religion, to quote the insightful work of the late Frank E. Manuel. At the same time, while re-discovering Judaism, Christian scholars redefined themselves, and Christianity as well. However, while Christianity encompassed many sects and many nations, the relatively weak diversity within Judaism, the religion of a single nation, seemed to hinder its evolution and development. While the intellectual battle was fought in a scholarly way, the emergence of the Christian State condemned the Jews to perpetual discrimination and occasional toleration, until a lay State, Nazi Germany, threatened the survival of the Jewish people. Neutral controversial works became powerful extermination tools when used in the political arena. This volume casts light on some crucial episodes in the long dialectics within the same intellectual and religious framework, touching upon themes such as the conception of time future in the age of Spinoza, the early encounters of Judaism and Christianity in eighteenth-century England, the memory of the Shoah, and the political revolution present in the system of the Jewish Commonwealth. From early to late Modernity, there is a history of friendship and diffidence, mutual understanding and dramatic disagreements, which, even today, largely conditions the Western intellectual world.

Jews in Poland-Lithuania in the Eighteenth Century

Gershon David Hundert
Jews in Poland Lithuania in the Eighteenth Century Book PDF

Author : Gershon David Hundert
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 307 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2004-02-10
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9780520940321

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Jews in Poland-Lithuania in the Eighteenth Century by Gershon David Hundert Pdf

Missing from most accounts of the modern history of Jews in Europe is the experience of what was once the largest Jewish community in the world—an oversight that Gershon David Hundert corrects in this history of Eastern European Jews in the eighteenth century. The experience of eighteenth-century Jews in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth did not fit the pattern of integration and universalization—in short, of westernization—that historians tend to place at the origins of Jewish modernity. Hundert puts this experience, that of the majority of the Jewish people, at the center of his history. He focuses on the relations of Jews with the state and their role in the economy, and on more "internal" developments such as the popularization of the Kabbalah and the rise of Hasidism. Thus he describes the elements of Jewish experience that became the basis for a "core Jewish identity"—an identity that accompanied the majority of Jews into modernity.

Cultural Revolution in Berlin

Shmuel Feiner,Natalie Naimark-Goldberg
Cultural Revolution in Berlin Book PDF

Author : Shmuel Feiner,Natalie Naimark-Goldberg
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Berlin (Germany)
ISBN : 1851242910

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Cultural Revolution in Berlin by Shmuel Feiner,Natalie Naimark-Goldberg Pdf

The process of secularization, which is one of the sources of present-day democracy, has its radical origins in eighteenth-century Europe. Criticism of religious norms and discipline, institutions and ideology led to the movement known as the Enlightenment. Its Jewish protagonists (the maskilim), a young intellectual elite, undertook the role of culturally revolutionizing eighteenth-century Jewish society. They aimed at overturning the monopolistic control of rabbinic scholars over education, publications, and social behaviour in favour of secular intellectual values. They sought to promote political rights and religious tolerance, embraced humanism, rationalism, and freedom of opinion. In turn, the end of Jewish isolation brought about a significant contribution to philosophy, science, and art, and participation in the culture of modern European society.This introduction to the emergence of Jewish Enlightenment (Haskalah) in Germany pays special attention to its most famous figure, Moses Mendelssohn, who was active at the centre of the Enlightenment in Berlin. The volume is richly illustrated with images of eighteenth-century manuscripts, books, and pamphlets, some of which are published here for the first time, and which derive from a collection assembled by the famous nineteenth-century scholar Leopold Zunz. This is an attractive book providing an excellent guide to the major cultural metamorphosis represented by Jewish Enlightenment.

Secularism in Question

Ethan B. Katz
Secularism in Question Book PDF

Author : Ethan B. Katz
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
Page : 424 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2015-07-16
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9780812247275

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Secularism in Question by Ethan B. Katz Pdf

Secularism in Question examines how twentieth-century revivals of religion prompt a reconsideration of many issues concerning Jews and Judaism in the modern era. Scholars of Jewish history, religion, philosophy, and literature illustrate how the categories of "religious" and "secular" have frequently proven far more permeable than fixed.

Law’s Dominion

Jay R. Berkovitz
Law s Dominion Book PDF

Author : Jay R. Berkovitz
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 420 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2019-11-26
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9789004417403

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Law’s Dominion by Jay R. Berkovitz Pdf

In Law’s Dominion, Jay Berkovitz offers a new history of early modern Jewry. Set in the city of Metz, legal sources reveal a robust community able to integrate religion and civic consciousness while navigating competing Jewish and French jurisdictions.