The Physiology And Pharmacology Of Leucine Rich Repeat Gpcrs

Author : Brian J. Arey,James A. Dias
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 117 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2016-08-05
Category : Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology
ISBN : 9782889199587

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The Physiology and Pharmacology of Leucine-rich Repeat GPCRs by Brian J. Arey,James A. Dias Pdf

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent a large and physiologically important class of cell surface receptors. There are approximately 750 known GPCRs present in the human genome that can be subdivided into general classes based upon sequence homology within their transmembrane domains. Therapeutically, GPCRs represent a fertile source for the development of therapies as they are a significant percentage of our current pharmacopeia. Among the three subclasses of GPCRs, the Class A (rhodopsin-like) receptors are by far the most prevalent and extensively studied. However, within the Class A receptors, sub-families of receptors can be distinguished based upon common sequence motifs within the transmembrane domains as well as extracellular and intracellular domains. One such family of Class A receptors is characterized by multiple leucine- rich repeats within their amino- terminal domains (the Leucine-rich Repeat family (LRR)). This family of GPCRs are best represented by the glycoprotein hormone receptors (LHR, FSHR and TSHR) which have been studied extensively but also includes receptors for the peptide hormone relaxin (RXFP1 and RXFP2 (RXFP2 also binds insulin-like peptide 3)) and three other receptors (LGR4, LGR5 and LGR6). LGR4-6 were, until recently, considered orphan receptors. However, emerging data have revealed that these proteins are the receptors for a family of growth factors called R-spondins. Over the last 20 years much has been learned about LRR receptors, including the development of synthetic agonists and antagonists, new insights into signaling (including signaling bias) and the physiological role these receptors play in regulating the function of many tissues. This topic will focus on what is known concerning the regulation of these receptors, their signaling pathways, functional consequences of activation and pharmacology.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1368452754

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The Physiology and Pharmacology of Leucine-rich Repeat GPCRs by Anonim Pdf

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent a large and physiologically important class of cell surface receptors. There are approximately 750 known GPCRs present in the human genome that can be subdivided into general classes based upon sequence homology within their transmembrane domains. Therapeutically, GPCRs represent a fertile source for the development of therapies as they are a significant percentage of our current pharmacopeia. Among the three subclasses of GPCRs, the Class A (rhodopsin-like) receptors are by far the most prevalent and extensively studied. However, within the Class A receptors, sub-families of receptors can be distinguished based upon common sequence motifs within the transmembrane domains as well as extracellular and intracellular domains. One such family of Class A receptors is characterized by multiple leucine- rich repeats within their amino- terminal domains (the Leucine-rich Repeat family (LRR)). This family of GPCRs are best represented by the glycoprotein hormone receptors (LHR, FSHR and TSHR) which have been studied extensively but also includes receptors for the peptide hormone relaxin (RXFP1 and RXFP2 (RXFP2 also binds insulin-like peptide 3)) and three other receptors (LGR4, LGR5 and LGR6). LGR4-6 were, until recently, considered orphan receptors. However, emerging data have revealed that these proteins are the receptors for a family of growth factors called R-spondins. Over the last 20 years much has been learned about LRR receptors, including the development of synthetic agonists and antagonists, new insights into signaling (including signaling bias) and the physiological role these receptors play in regulating the function of many tissues. This topic will focus on what is known concerning the regulation of these receptors, their signaling pathways, functional consequences of activation and pharmacology.

Author : Gundu HR Rao
Publisher : Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers
Page : 283 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2018-11-30
Category : Education
ISBN : 9789352702022

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Manual of Blood Platelets: Morphology, Physiology and Pharmacology by Gundu HR Rao Pdf

Platelets are tiny blood cells that help the body form clots to stop bleeding. Antiplatelet medications, such as aspirin and clopidogrel, are commonly used to thin the blood which limits clotting and reduces the risk of heart attack. This book is a comprehensive guide to blood platelets for haematologists. Beginning with discussion on platelet structure, morphology, function and physiology, the next chapters cover the role of calcium in platelet activation and calcium modulation by cyclic nucleotides. The following sections explain the pharmacology of antiplatelet drugs, antiplatelet therapies, aspirin resistance, and the association of diabetes mellitus with major platelet dysfunction. The book concludes with chapters on acute coronary problems, interaction between endothelial cells and platelets, and blood biocompatibility studies. Authored by a Minneapolis-based expert in the field, the text is further enhanced by clinical photographs, diagrams and tables. Key points Comprehensive guide to blood platelets for haematologists Extensive coverage of antiplatelet drugs and resistance Recognised author from University of Minnesota Highly illustrated with clinical photographs, diagrams and tables

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1542 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Pharmacology
ISBN : RUTGERS:43008001037805

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Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology by Anonim Pdf

Author : Alexander I. Agoulnik
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 161 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2008-12-19
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780387746722

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Relaxin and Related Peptides by Alexander I. Agoulnik Pdf

This comprehensive book contains the latest information on diverse biological functions of relaxin and related peptide found since the recent discovery of relaxin receptors. It also describes the evolution of relaxin family peptides and their receptors, molecular mechanisms of ligand/receptor interaction and the analysis of activated signaling pathways.

Author : Raymond S. Sinatra
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 729 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2009-04-27
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780521874915

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Acute Pain Management by Raymond S. Sinatra Pdf

This textbook provides an overview of pain management useful to specialists as well as non-specialists, surgeons, and nursing staff.

Author : Hamid M. Said
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 2250 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2012-07-04
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780123820273

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Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract, Two Volume Set by Hamid M. Said Pdf

Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract, Fifth Edition — winner of a 2013 Highly Commended BMA Medical Book Award for Internal Medicine — covers the study of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of the GI Tract while linking the clinical disease or disorder, bridging the gap between clinical and laboratory medicine. The gastrointestinal system is responsible for the breakdown and absorption of various foods and liquids needed to sustain life. Other diseases and disorders treated by clinicians in this area include: food allergies, constipation, chronic liver disease and cirrhosis, gallstones, gastritis, GERD, hemorrhoids, IBS, lactose intolerance, pancreatic, appendicitis, celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, peptic ulcer, stomach ulcer, viral hepatitis, colorectal cancer and liver transplants. The new edition is a highly referenced and useful resource for gastroenterologists, physiologists, internists, professional researchers, and instructors teaching courses for clinical and research students. 2013 Highly Commended BMA Medical Book Award for Internal Medicine Discusses the multiple processes governing gastrointestinal function Each section edited by preeminent scientist in the field Updated, four-color illustrations

Author : James E. Barrett,Clive P. Page,Martin C. Michel
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 466 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2019-12-24
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783030353629

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Concepts and Principles of Pharmacology by James E. Barrett,Clive P. Page,Martin C. Michel Pdf

Celebrating 100 years of HEP, this volume will discuss key pharmacological discoveries and concepts of the past 100 years. These discoveries have dramatically changed the medical treatment paradigms of many diseases and these concepts have and will continue to shape discovery of new medicinies. Newly evolving technologies will similarly be discussed as they will shape the future of the pharmacology and, accordingly, medical therapy.

Author : Peter A.V. Anderson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 427 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2013-11-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781489909213

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Evolution of the First Nervous Systems by Peter A.V. Anderson Pdf

This book represents the proceedings of a NATO Advanced Research Workshop of the same name, held at St. Andrews University, Scotland in July of 1989. It was the first meeting of its kind and was convened as a forum to review and discuss the phylogeny of some of the cell biological functions that underlie nervous system function, such matters as intercellular communication in diverse, lower organisms, and the electrical excitability of protozoans and cnidarians, to mention but two. The rationale behind such work has not necessarily been to understand how the first nervous systems evolved; many of the animals in question provide excellent opportunities for examining general questions that are unapproachable in the more complex nervous systems of higher animals. Nevertheless, a curiosity about nervous system evolution has invariably pervaded much of the work. The return on this effort has been mixed, depending to a large extent on the usefulness of the preparation under examination. For example, work on cnidarians, to many the keystone phylum in nervous system evolution simply because they possess the "first" nervous systems, lagged behind that carried out on protozoans, because the latter are large, single cells and, thus, far more amenable to microelectrode-based recording techniques. Furthermore, protozoans can be cultured easily and are more amenable to genetic and molecular analyses.

Author : Jean-Marc Taymans,Veerle Baekelandt,Kirsten Harvey
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 164 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2015-02-11
Category : Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry
ISBN : 9782889193998

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Regulation and targeting of enzymes mediating Parkinson’s disease pathogenesis: focus on Parkinson’s disease Kinases, GTPases and ATPases by Jean-Marc Taymans,Veerle Baekelandt,Kirsten Harvey Pdf

Understanding the molecular pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a priority in biomedical research and a pre-requisite to improve early disease diagnosis and ultimately to developing disease-modifying strategies. In the past decade and a half, geneticists have identified several genes that are involved in the molecular pathogenesis of PD. They not only identified gene variants segregating with familial forms of PD but also genetic risk factors of sporadic PD via genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Understanding how PD genes and their gene products function holds the promise of unraveling key PD pathogenic processes. Therefore the precise cellular role of PD proteins is currently the subject of intense investigation. Interestingly, a number of PD proteins have enzymatic functions, including kinase, GTPase or ATPase functions. In the context of understanding disease pathogenesis or developing disease-modifying therapies, enzymes possess several useful features. Firstly, enzymes are often key elements of cellular signaling networks, acting as on-off switches to determine signaling intensity. For instance, kinases mediate phosphorylation events, which activate or inactivate their substrates, while GTPases modulate activity of their effector proteins via direct interaction in a GDP/GTP dependent manner. ATPases also control cellular processes through their involvement in cellular energy production and/or in transmembrane transport. Secondly, enzymes are attractive targets for therapeutics development. This is exemplified by the growing number of kinase inhibitors approved for clinical use, while compounds modulating GTPases or ATPases have also been proposed as potential therapeutics. Finally, as elements in cellular signaling networks, enzymes are not generally constitutively active but subject to further regulation through additional signaling components. Knowledge of how PD kinases, GTPases and ATPases are activated or inactivated can aid in understanding how PD signaling networks are deregulated in disease and point to new possibilities in targeting pathological signaling processes. The objective of this research topic is to provide an overview of current knowledge on the regulation of cellular signaling networks of PD kinases, GTPases and ATPases. Both upstream and downstream signaling events will be covered, with a focus on molecular events that can readily be monitored (relevance as disease biomarkers) and have a potential to be modulated (relevance as potential therapeutic target).

Author : Enza Palazzo,Volker Neugebauer,Sabatino Maione
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 139 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2019-06-19
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9782889458622

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Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors and Neurological/Psychiatric Disorders by Enza Palazzo,Volker Neugebauer,Sabatino Maione Pdf

Considering that neurological and psychiatric illnesses do not still have efficient therapies and are becoming increasingly widespread, the search for novel targets appears fundamental. Neuroinflammation, alterations in adult neurogenesis and excitotoxicity, all associated with glutamate transmission dysfunction, are key components of the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying neuropsychiatric illnesses. Counteracting the neurotoxic actions of glutamate through the modulatory actions of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), represents a rational intervention that offers tolerability compatible with clinical therapy. Their suitability as targets for developing novel therapies is also based on the fact that mGluRs are found abundantly expressed in synapses of the central nervous system (CNS) that are considered critical in certain neurological and psychiatric disorders. Moreover, recently there has been an exponential development of selective ligands, especially positive and negative allosteric modulators, which by binding to less conserved transmembrane domain sequences ensure, besides a good permeability in the CNS, an adequate selectivity for each mGluR subtype. The eBook “Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors and Neurological/Psychiatric Disorders”, collects contributes (original and review articles) on the beneficial effects of positive and negative allosteric modulators of mGluRs in animal models of neurological and psychiatric diseases from renown experts in the field. The hope is that the effort of both Editors and Contributors of this eBook confirms the unlimited potential of mGluRs in CNS diseases and generate a collaborative discussion on the state of art, overall trends, novel strategies, and future direction of this attractive field of research.

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 1999-07-10
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309071550

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Marijuana and Medicine by Institute of Medicine Pdf

The medical use of marijuana is surrounded by a cloud of social, political, and religious controversy, which obscures the facts that should be considered in the debate. This book summarizes what we know about marijuana from evidence-based medicineâ€"the harm it may do and the relief it may bring to patients. The book helps the reader understand not only what science has to say about medical marijuana but also the logic behind the scientific conclusions. Marijuana and Medicine addresses the science base and the therapeutic effects of marijuana use for medical conditions such as glaucoma and multiple sclerosis. It covers marijuana's mechanism of action, acute and chronic effects on health and behavior, potential adverse effects, efficacy of different delivery systems, analysis of the data about marijuana as a gateway drug, and the prospects for developing cannabinoid drugs. The book evaluates how well marijuana meets accepted standards for medicine and considers the conclusions of other blue-ribbon panels. Full of useful facts, this volume will be important to anyone interested in informed debate about the medical use of marijuana: advocates and opponents as well as policymakers, regulators, and health care providers.

Author : John C. Foreman,Torben Johansen,Alasdair J. Gibb
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 314 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2010-09-10
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781420052558

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Textbook of Receptor Pharmacology by John C. Foreman,Torben Johansen,Alasdair J. Gibb Pdf

For the past four decades, University College London has offered a renowned course on receptor pharmacology. Originating from this course, the perennially bestselling Textbook of Receptor Pharmacology has presented in-depth coverage of this rapidly expanding area of research. This third edition continues to combine current understanding of classica

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 2036 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Medicine
ISBN : MINN:31951P00992549A

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Index Medicus by Anonim Pdf

Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.

Author : Colin Pinnock,Ted Lin,Robert Jones,Tim Smith
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 990 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2002-12
Category : Medical
ISBN : 052169079X

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Fundamentals of Anaesthesia by Colin Pinnock,Ted Lin,Robert Jones,Tim Smith Pdf

The second edition of Fundamentals of Anaesthesia builds upon the success of the first edition, and encapsulates the modern practice of anaesthesia in a single volume. Written and edited by a team of expert contributors, it provides a comprehensive but easily readable account of all of the information required by the FRCA Primary examination candidate and has been expanded to include more detail on all topics and to include new topics now covered in the examination. As with the previous edition, presentation of information is clear and concise, with the use of lists, tables, summary boxes and line illustrations where necessary to highlight important information and aid the understanding of complex topics. Great care has been taken to ensure an unrivalled consistency of style and presentation throughout.