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Author : Thomas F. Gordon
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2014-01-15
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9401584486
Author : Thomas F. Gordon
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 255 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9789401584470
The British philosopher Stephan Toulmin, in his The Uses of Argument, made the provocative claim that "logic is generalized jurisprudence". For Toulmin, logic is the study of nonns for practical argumentation and decision making. In his view, mathematical logicians were preoccupied with fonnalizing the concepts of logical necessity, consequence and contradiction, at the expense of other equally important issues, such as how to allocate the burden of proof and make rational decisions given limited resources. He also considered it a mistake to look primarily to psychology, linguistics or the cognitive sciences for answers to these fundamentally nonnative questions. Toulmin's concerns about logic, writing in the 1950's, are equally applicable to the field of Artificial Intelligence today. The mainstream of Artificial Intelligence has focused on the analytical and empirical aspects of intelligence, without giving adequate attention to the nonnative, regulative functions of knowledge representation, problem solving and decision-making. Nonnative issues should now be of even greater interest, with the shift in perspective of AI from individual to collective intelligence, in areas such as multi-agent systems, cooperative design, distributed artificial intelligence, and computer-supported cooperative work. Networked "virtual societies" of humans and software agents would also require "virtual legal systems" to fairly balance interests, resolve conflicts, and promote security.
Author : A.R. Lodder
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 207 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2013-12-01
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789401139571
This book is a revised version of my dissertation 'DiaLaw - on legal th justification and dialog games' that I defended on June 5 1998 at the Universiteit Maastricht. The chapters 1, 4 & 5 (now: 1, 5 & 6) of my dissertation have remained largely unaltered. In chapter 2 I added explicitly the distinction between constructing legal justification and reconstructing it, and tried to elucidate the differences (and similarities) between the product and process of justification. Chapter 3 is divided into two chapters: one on the general characteristics of DiaLaw (now: chapter 3), and the other on specific, legal characteristics of DiaLaw (now: chapter 4). In order to improve readability, all rules in these chapters have been rewritten considerably. The section on the implementation of DiaLaw is moved to the appendix. In chapter 7 (the former chapter 6), a discussion of the notions 'procedural' and 'structural' arguments is added, and different layers in argumentation models are discussed. Finally, in chapter 8 (the former chapter 7) is added a recapitulation of my view on legal justification, and a discussion on the future use in legal practice of dialog models that represent argumentation in a natural way. The main thesis has remained unaltered: legal justification should be modeled as a procedural, dialogical model in which not only products of argumentation are allowed, but, even in formal models, rhetorical, psychological aspects of argument are dealt with.
Author : Peter Hoschka
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 322 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2021-01-31
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781000105964
Computer systems based on the notion of the computer as assistant have recently become the focus of intense interest. The expanding role of the computer in everyday life and the growing number of untrained users make it necessary to think about new ways of dividing labor between humans and machines. Future systems must take on more tasks and perform them more competently and autonomously than existing systems. If they are to be adequately flexible and responsive to complexity, they cannot automate their performance completely. The aim of designers should be to create computer systems with capabilities similar to those of good assistants in the real world. Effective assistance has many characteristics. An assistant is expected to be competent in some domains of expertise, to know the limits of his/her knowledge, to be able to process inexact instructions from clients, to adjust to and learn from them, to explain his/her behavior and suggestions, and to support clients in communication and cooperation with other people. This book believes that such capabilities can be built into computer systems. To that end, the chapter contributors discuss the concepts and methods--particularly from the fields of artificial intelligence and computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW)--that they have drawn from to develop successful system prototypes. They present several of these prototypes including assistants for graphics design, knowledge discovery in data bases, coordination support, organizational memory, user interface design, and knowledge base construction. As such, this volume helps map out the future for all those involved in computer systems design.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 351 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2008-10-14
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783540855682
Information technology has now pervaded the legal sector, and the very modern concepts of e-law and e-justice show that automation processes are ubiquitous. European policies on transparency and information society, in particular, require the use of technology and its steady improvement. Some of the revised papers presented in this book originate from a workshop held at the European University Institute of Florence, Italy, in December 2006. The workshop was devoted to the discussion of the different ways of understanding and explaining contemporary law, for the purpose of building computable models of it -- especially models enabling the development of computer applications for the legal domain. During the course of the following year, several new contributions, provided by a number of ongoing (or recently finished) European projects on computation and law, were received, discussed and reviewed to complete the survey. This book presents 20 thoroughly refereed revised papers on the hot topics under research in different EU projects: legislative XML, legal ontologies, semantic web, search and meta-search engines, web services, system architecture, dialectic systems, dialogue games, multi-agent systems (MAS), legal argumentation, legal reasoning, e-justice, and online dispute resolution. The papers are organized in topical sections on knowledge representation, ontologies and XML legislative drafting; knowledge representation, legal ontologies and information retrieval; argumentation and legal reasoning; normative and multi-agent systems; and online dispute resolution.
Author : Jaap Hage
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2006-03-30
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781402035524
Studies in Legal Logic is a collection of nine interrelated papers about the logic, epistemology and ontology of law. All of the papers were written after the publication of the author’s Reasoning with Rules and supplement the issues addressed therein. Some of the papers are new; others have been revised substantially after the publication of their original versions. The emphasis is on analysis, not on logical technicalities. Studies in Legal Logic contains chapters about the nature of norms, the role of coherence in the law, the nature of defeasibility, the role of dialectics in law and artificial intelligence, the statics and dynamics of the law, and the consistency of rules. Moreover, it contains a new, simplified and yet more powerful version of Reason-based Logic and extensive examples of how it can be used for the analysis of legal reasoning. The examples deal with legal theory construction, case-based reasoning, and judicial proof.
Author : Antonis C. Kakas,Fariba Sadri
Publisher : Springer
Page : 628 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2003-08-02
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783540456322
Alan Robinson This set of essays pays tribute to Bob Kowalski on his 60th birthday, an anniversary which gives his friends and colleagues an excuse to celebrate his career as an original thinker, a charismatic communicator, and a forceful intellectual leader. The logic programming community hereby and herein conveys its respect and thanks to him for his pivotal role in creating and fostering the conceptual paradigm which is its raison d’Œtre. The diversity of interests covered here reflects the variety of Bob’s concerns. Read on. It is an intellectual feast. Before you begin, permit me to send him a brief personal, but public, message: Bob, how right you were, and how wrong I was. I should explain. When Bob arrived in Edinburgh in 1967 resolution was as yet fairly new, having taken several years to become at all widely known. Research groups to investigate various aspects of resolution sprang up at several institutions, the one organized by Bernard Meltzer at Edinburgh University being among the first. For the half-dozen years that Bob was a leading member of Bernard’s group, I was a frequent visitor to it, and I saw a lot of him. We had many discussions about logic, computation, and language.
Author : Arno R. Lodder,Anja Oskamp
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2006-02-20
Category : Computers
ISBN : 1402041454
The gap between information technology and the legal profession is narrowing, in particular due to the Internet and the richness of legal sources that can be found online. This book further bridges the gap by showing people with a legal background what is possible with Information Technology now and in the near future, as well as by showing people with an IT background what opportunities exist in the domain of law.
Author : Enrico Bonadio,Nicola Lucchi
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2018-10-26
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781786434074
Copyright law constantly evolves to keep up with societal changes and technological advances. Contemporary forms of creativity can threaten the comfortable conceptions of copyright law as creative people continually find new ways of expressing themselves. In this context, Non-Conventional Copyright identifies possible new spaces for copyright protection. With current copyright law in mind, the contributions explore if the law should be more flexible as to whether new or unconventional forms of expression - including graffiti, tattoos, land art, conceptual art and bio art, engineered DNA, sport movements, jokes, magic tricks, DJ sets, 3D printing, works generated by artificial intelligence, perfume making, typefaces, or illegal and immoral works - deserve protection. Vitally, the contributors suggest that it may be time to challenge some of the basic tenets of copyright laws by embracing more flexible ways to identify protectable works and interpret the current requirements for protection. Additionally, some contributors cast doubts about whether copyright is the right instrument to address and regulate these forms of expression. Contemporary in topic, this thought-provoking book will be essential reading for intellectual property law scholars, practitioners and policymakers. Creative people and those involved in the creative industries will also find this book an engaging read.
Author : H. Prakken
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 319 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2013-04-17
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789401589758
This book is a revised and extended version of my PhD Thesis 'Logical Tools for Modelling Legal Argument', which I defended on 14 January 1993 at the Free University Amsterdam. The first five chapters of the thesis have remained almost completely unchanged but the other chapters have undergone considerable revision and expansion. Most importantly, I have replaced the formal argument-based system of the old Chapters 6, 7 and 8 with a revised and extended system, whieh I have developed during the last three years in collaboration with Giovanni Sartor. Apart from some technical improvements, the main additions to the old system are the enriehment of its language with a nonprovability operator, and the ability to formalise reasoning about preference criteria. Moreover, the new system has a very intuitive dialectieal form, as opposed to the rather unintuitive fixed-point appearance of the old system. Another important revision is the split of the old Chapter 9 into two new chapters. The old Section 9. 1 on related research has been updated and expanded into a whole chapter, while the rest of the old chapter is now in revised form in Chapter 10. This chapter also contains two new contributions, a detailed discussion of Gordon's Pleadings Game, and a general description of a multi-Iayered overall view on the structure of argu mentation, comprising a logieal, dialectical, procedural and strategie layer. Finally, in the revised conclusion I have paid more attention to the relevance of my investigations for legal philosophy and argumentation theory.
Author : Dov M. Gabbay,Patrice Canivez,Shahid Rahman,Alexandre Thiercelin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 422 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2010-10-04
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789048195886
Legal theory, political sciences, sociology, philosophy, logic, artificial intelligence: there are many approaches to legal argumentation. Each of them provides specific insights into highly complex phenomena. Different disciplines, but also different traditions in disciplines (e.g. analytical and continental traditions in philosophy) find here a rare occasion to meet. The present book contains contributions, both historical and thematic, from leading researchers in several of the most important approaches to legal rationality. One of the main issues is the relation between logic and law: the way logic is actually used in law, but also the way logic can make law explicit. An outstanding group of philosophers, logicians and jurists try to meet this issue. The book is more than a collection of papers. However different their respective conceptual tools may be, the authors share a common conception: legal argumentation is a specific argumentation context.
Author : Katsumi Inoue,Ken Satoh,Francesca Toni
Publisher : Springer
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2007-05-16
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783540696193
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Computational Logic for Multi-Agent Systems, CLIMA VII, held in Hakodate, Japan, in May 2006. It was an associated event of AAMAS 2006, the main international conference on autonomous agents and multi-agent systems. The series of workshops presents current work on application of general and declarative theories.
Author : H. Prakken,Giovanni Sartor
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 215 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789401156684
In the study of forms of legal reasoning, logic and argumentation theory long followed separate tracks. `Legal logicians' tended to focus on a deductive reconstruction of justifying a decision, disregarding the dialectical process leading to the chosen justification. Others instead emphasized the adversarial and discretionary nature of legal reasoning, involving reasonable evaluation of alternative choices, and the use of analogical reasoning. Recently, however, developments in Artificial Intelligence and Law have paved the way for overcoming this separation. Logic has widened its scope to defensible argumentation, and informal accounts of analogy and dialectics have inspired the construction of computer programs. Thus the prospect is emerging of an integrated logical and dialectical account of legal argument, adding to the understanding of legal reasoning, and providing a formal basis for computer tools that assist and mediate legal debates while leaving room for human initiative. This book presents contributions to this development. From a logical point of view it covers topics such as evaluating conflicting arguments, weighing reasons, modelling legal disputes as a dialogue game, the role of the burden of proof, the relation between principles, rules, reasons and facts, and the relation between deductive and nondeductive arguments. Written by leading scholars in the field and building on recent developments in logic and Artificial Intelligence, the chapters provide a state-of-the-art account of research on the logical aspects of legal argument.
Author : R. Hoekstra
Publisher : IOS Press
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2014-11-28
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781614994688
The JURIX conferences are an established international forum for academics, practitioners, government and industry to present and discuss advanced research at the interface between law and computer science. Subjects addressed in this book cover all aspects of this diverse field: theoretical – focused on a better understanding of argumentation, reasoning, norms and evidence; empirical – targeted at a more general understanding of law and legal texts in particular; and practical papers aimed at enabling a broader technical application of theoretical insights. This book presents the proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Legal Knowledge and Information Systems: JURIX 2014, held in Kraków, Poland, in December 2014. The book includes the 14 full papers, 8 short papers, 6 posters and 2 demos – the first time that poster submissions have been included in the proceedings. The book will be of interest to all those whose work involves legal theory, argumentation and practice and who need a current overview of the ways in which current information technology is relevant to legal practice.
Author : Arno R. Lodder,Laurens Mommers
Publisher : IOS Press
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781586038106
This book includes papers from the twentieth JURIX conference (first organized in 1988). Over the years JURIX has become more and more international. JURIX is originally a Dutch/Belgian initiative. Nowadays, the conference papers are in majority from non-Dutch authors, and since 2002 JURIX is held outside the Netherlands and Belgium every other year. Most accepted papers can largely be fitted into either work on argumentation or work on ontology. Argumentation has been a JURIX-topic during all past years, and the interest in ontology has revived recently with Semantic Web initiatives. The topic.
