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Author : Simon M. Huttegger
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 239 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2017-10-19
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781107115323
This book extends Bayesian epistemology to develop new approaches to general rational learning within the framework of probability theory.
Author : Arthur Charpentier
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 491 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2024-07-04
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9783031497834
Author : Jan Constantin
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 297 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2021-06-21
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783110730548
A number of well-developed theories shed light on the question, under what circumstances our beliefs enjoy epistemic justification. Yet, comparatively little is known about epistemic defeat—when new information causes the loss of epistemic justification. This book proposes and defends a detailed account of epistemic defeaters. The main kinds of defeaters are analyzed in detail and integrated into a general framework that aims to explain how beliefs lose justification. It is argued that defeaters introduce incompatibilities into a noetic system and thereby prompt a structured re-evaluation process that makes a justified reinstatement of the defeated belief impossible. The account is then applied to the topic of disagreement, where it is used in an argument for conciliationism, as well as a new explanation for higher-order defeat. Throughout the book, the notion of defeat is the center of attention, while a number of new issues are discussed at the intersections of defeat and justification. Specifically, new problems are raised for broadly internalist accounts of defeat, a fully descriptive reliabilist account of defeat is provided, and the case for normative defeat is revisited.
Author : Mircea Pitici
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2018-12-04
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780691188720
The year’s finest mathematical writing from around the world This annual anthology brings together the year’s finest mathematics writing from around the world. Featuring promising new voices alongside some of the foremost names in the field, The Best Writing on Mathematics 2018 makes available to a wide audience many pieces not easily found anywhere else—and you don’t need to be a mathematician to enjoy them. These essays delve into the history, philosophy, teaching, and everyday aspects of math, offering surprising insights into its nature, meaning, and practice—and taking readers behind the scenes of today’s hottest mathematical debates. James Grime shows how to build subtly mischievous dice for playing slightly unfair games and Michael Barany traces how our appreciation of the societal importance of mathematics has developed since World War II. In other essays, Francis Su extolls the inherent values of learning, doing, and sharing mathematics, and Margaret Wertheim takes us on a mathematical exploration of the mind and the world—with glimpses at science, philosophy, music, art, and even crocheting. And there’s much, much more. In addition to presenting the year’s most memorable math writing, this must-have anthology includes an introduction by the editor and a bibliography of other notable pieces on mathematics. This is a must-read for anyone interested in where math has taken us—and where it is headed.
Author : John M. McNamara,Olof Leimar
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2020-09-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780192547835
The principles of game theory apply to a wide range of topics in biology. This book presents the central concepts in evolutionary game theory and provides an authoritative and up-to-date account. The focus is on concepts that are important for biologists in their attempts to explain observations. This strong connection between concepts and applications is a recurrent theme throughout the book which incorporates recent and traditional ideas from animal psychology, neuroscience, and machine learning that provide a mechanistic basis for behaviours shown by players of a game. The approaches taken to modelling games often rest on idealized and unrealistic assumptions whose limitations and consequences are not always appreciated. The authors provide a novel reassessment of the field, highlighting how to overcome limitations and identifying future directions. Game Theory in Biology is an advanced textbook suitable for graduate level students as well as professional researchers (both empiricists and theoreticians) in the fields of behavioural ecology and evolutionary biology. It will also be of relevance to a broader interdisciplinary audience including psychologists and neuroscientists.
Author : Alan Richardson,Adam Tamas Tuboly
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 325 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2024-01-31
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781009103015
Rudolf Carnap (1891–1970), one of the most important philosophers of the twentieth century, helped found logical positivism, was one of the originators of the field of philosophy of science, and was a leading contributor to semantics and inductive logic. This volume of new essays, written by leading international experts, places Carnap in his philosophical context and studies his topics, his interests, and the major stages of his thought. The essays reassess Carnap's place in the history of analytic philosophy through his approach to metaphysics, values, politics, epistemology and philosophy of science. They delve into important topics of Carnap's mature thought, namely explication, naturalism, and his defence of analyticity; and they recover the logical and the linguistic components of philosophy and how they unfolded in the syntax-semantics relation, induction, and language-planning. The resulting interpretation of Carnap will be illuminating for both current and future research.
Author : Fabrizio Riguzzi
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2022
Category : Logic programming
ISBN : 8770227063
Probabilistic logic programming extends logic programming by enabling the representation of uncertain information by means of probability theory. Probabilistic logic programming is at the intersection of two wider research fields: the integration of logic and probability and probabilistic programming. Logic enables the representation of complex relations among entities while probability theory is useful for modeling uncertainty over attributes and relations. Combining the two is a very active field of study. Probabilistic programming extends programming languages with probabilistic primitives that can be used to write complex probabilistic models. Algorithms for inference and learning tasks are then provided automatically by the system. Probabilistic logic programming is at the same time a logic language, with its knowledge representation capabilities, and a Turing complete language, with its computation capabilities, thus providing the best of both worlds. Since its birth, the field of probabilistic logic programming has seen a steady increase of activity, with many proposals for languages and algorithms for inference and learning. This book aims at providing an overview of the field with a special emphasis on languages under the distribution semantics, one of the most influential approaches. The book presents the main ideas for semantics, inference, and learning and highlights connections between the methods. Many examples of the book include a link to a page of the web application http://cplint.eu where the code can be run online. This 2nd edition aims at reporting the most exciting novelties in the field since the publication of the 1st edition. The semantics for hybrid programs with function symbols is placed on a sound footing.
Author : R. Salehnejad
Publisher : Springer
Page : 309 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2006-11-28
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780230625150
This book challenges the generally accepted theories of classical economics, explaining why the expected utility theory, even if it were true, fails to be of much help in solving economic controversies.
Author : Egan J. Chernoff,Bharath Sriraman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 746 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2013-12-05
Category : Education
ISBN : 9789400771550
This volume provides a necessary, current and extensive analysis of probabilistic thinking from a number of mathematicians, mathematics educators, and psychologists. The work of 58 contributing authors, investigating probabilistic thinking across the globe, is encapsulated in 6 prefaces, 29 chapters and 6 commentaries. Ultimately, the four main perspectives presented in this volume (Mathematics and Philosophy, Psychology, Stochastics and Mathematics Education) are designed to represent probabilistic thinking in a greater context.
Author : P. Cheeseman,R.W. Oldford
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 475 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781461226604
This volume is a selection of papers presented at the Fourth International Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics held in January 1993. These biennial workshops have succeeded in bringing together researchers from Artificial Intelligence and from Statistics to discuss problems of mutual interest. The exchange has broadened research in both fields and has strongly encour aged interdisciplinary work. The theme ofthe 1993 AI and Statistics workshop was: "Selecting Models from Data". The papers in this volume attest to the diversity of approaches to model selection and to the ubiquity of the problem. Both statistics and artificial intelligence have independently developed approaches to model selection and the corresponding algorithms to implement them. But as these papers make clear, there is a high degree of overlap between the different approaches. In particular, there is agreement that the fundamental problem is the avoidence of "overfitting"-Le., where a model fits the given data very closely, but is a poor predictor for new data; in other words, the model has partly fitted the "noise" in the original data.
Author : Mike Oaksford,Nick Chater
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2007-02-22
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780198524496
For almost 2,500 years, the Western concept of what is to be human has been dominated by the idea that the mind is the seat of reason - humans are, almost by definition, the rational animal. In this text a more radical suggestion for explaining these puzzling aspects of human reasoning is put forward.
Author : William Leonard Harper,Clifford Alan Hooker
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 1976
Category : Mathematical statistics
ISBN : UOM:39015017320931
Author : Bing Wang
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 422 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2024-07-04
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9783031505805
Author : Patrick Suppes,Mario Zanotti
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 1996-11-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 0521430127
This is an important collection of essays on dealing with the foundations of probability that will be of value to philosophers of science, mathematicians, statisticians, psychologists and educationalists. The collection falls into three parts: Part I comprises five essays on the axiomatic foundations of probability. Part II contains seven articles on probabilistic causality and quantum mechanics, with an emphasis on the existence of hidden variables. The third part consists of a single extended essay applying probabilistic theories of learning to practical questions of education: it incorporates extensive data analysis.
Author : Benedikt Löwe,Eric Pacuit,Jan-Willem Romeijn
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 215 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Computers
ISBN : 190498715X
Probabilistic methods are increasingly becoming an important tool in a variety of disciplines including computer science, mathematics, artificial intelligence, epistemology, game and