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The three Punic Wars lasted over 100 years, between 264 BC and 146 BC. They represented a struggle for supremacy in the Mediterranean between the bludgeoning land power of Rome, bent on imperial conquest, and the great maritime power of Carthage with its colonies and trading posts spread around the Mediterranean. This book reveals how the dramas and tragedies of the Punic Wars exemplify many political and military lessons which are as relevant today as when Hannibal and Scipio Africanus fought to determine the course of history in the Mediterranean.
"The three Punic Wars lasted over 100 years, between 264 BC and 146 BC. They represented a struggle for supremacy in the Mediterranean between the bludgeoning land power of Rome, bent on imperial conquest, and the great maritime power of Carthage with its colonies and trading posts spread around the Mediterranean. This book reveals how the dramas and tragedies of the Punic Wars exemplify many political and military lessons which are as relevant today as when Hannibal and Scipio Africanus fought to determine the course of history in the Mediterranean"--Back cover.
The Roman Army of the Punic Wars 264–146 BC by Nic Fields Pdf
Long before the Second Punic War (218 - 201 BC), Rome's influence extended no further than the Alps, and the wars that it fought consisted of small-scale raids and cattle rustling, with perhaps the occasional battle between armies. Nevertheless, within a century the seeds of an empire had been sown in Iberia, Africa, and the Greek east, and the Roman Republican army became the most successful of its day, establishing standards of discipline, organization, and efficiency that set a bench mark for the later armies of Rome. With the evolution of the Roman Republic came the adoption of the Manipular legion, a formation taken from the hoplite phalanx and first used in mass deployment against the North African nation of Carthage, during the Punic Wars. In this book Nic Fields examines the evolution of the Roman army from its defeat at Cannae through to their final success at Zama which saw a small city-based force evolve into a Mediterranean powerhouse, demonstrating how and why it became the most highly organized, sophisticated force in the ancient world.
Carthaginian Armies of the Punic Wars, 264–146 BC by Gabriele Esposito Pdf
The Carthaginians were undoubtedly the most formidable enemies of the ever-expanding Roman Republic, due to their sophisticated and often well-led military forces. Although the citizens of Carthage itself, a seafaring, mercantile state by tradition, may not have had the same military ethos as the Romans, they compensated by fielding varied multinational armies consisting of subject, allied and mercenary contingents, many of them recruited from the most famous warrior peoples of the Mediterranean. These included the incomparable Numidian light cavalry, the famed slingers of the Balearic islands, fierce Celts and skilled Spanish swordsmen, not forgetting the famous war elephants. During the first of the three conflicts that they fought against the Roman Republic – the famous Punic Wars – the Carthaginians completely reformed their land forces along Hellenistic lines and invited an experienced Spartan officer to command it. During the Second Punic War, they obtained a series of stunning victories over the Romans under the brilliant leadership of their own Hannibal Barca, marauding through Italy for some fifteen years. Gabriele Esposito reconstructs the history, organization and weapons of the Carthaginian military forces across the Punic Wars (264-146 BC). The weapons, armor and tactics of each of the various ethnic components is analyzed and the accessible text is supported by dozens of excellent color photographs, showing replica equipment in use.
Greeks and Carthaginians had disputed the island of Sicily for several centuries without reaching a decisive result. The Etruscans maintained an alliance with Carthage, which allowed them for some time to control the Tyrrhenian, until a naval defeat marked the beginning of Etruscan decadence and allowed Greek expansion into the western Mediterranean.Sicily became a battleground not only between Greeks and Carthaginians, but also between the powerful Delos League headed by Athens and its rival Sparta. From that conflict the city of Syracuse emerged as the main Sicilian force, and managed to reject some Carthaginian offensives.In the 3rd century BC the conflict seemed to have reached a point of equilibrium, with some advantage for Carthage, which controlled most of Sicily.Then a third force emerged on the horizon: Rome.The new power had subdued the Italian peninsula after several centuries of fighting, and even Pyrrhus and the cities of Magna Grecia were defeated by the Roman legions that now, stopped at the edge of the sea, directed their first looks towards Sicily.
The Architecture of the Roman Triumph by Maggie L. Popkin Pdf
This book offers the first critical study of the architecture of the Roman triumph, ancient Rome's most important victory ritual. Through case studies ranging from the republican to imperial periods, it demonstrates how powerfully monuments shaped how Romans performed, experienced, and remembered triumphs and, consequently, how Romans conceived of an urban identity for their city. Monuments highlighted Roman conquests of foreign peoples, enabled Romans to envision future triumphs, made triumphs more memorable through emotional arousal of spectators, and even generated distorted memories of triumphs that might never have occurred. This book illustrates the far-reaching impact of the architecture of the triumph on how Romans thought about this ritual and, ultimately, their own place within the Mediterranean world. In doing so, it offers a new model for historicizing the interrelations between monuments, individual and shared memory, and collective identities.
The battles for control of the lands of Middle Sea This book usefully, concisely and comprehensively describes the history of the conflict that raged for a century between the Roman Republic and the Carthaginian Empire. In the ancient world these were among the largest conflicts ever fought. At the outset of this struggle the Carthaginians, who had come from Phoenician beginnings, were the dominant power in the Mediterranean region. Rome was aggressively in the ascendant grasping territory with ruthless efficiency. Each side realised that there was only room for one power of imperial influence in the region and that this was a war without compromise--victory or annihilation. The famous and infamous commanders of both forces appear within these pages, including the indomitable Hannibal Barca and Scipio Africanus, together with the equally renowned battles and campaigns that they fought from Spain to Italy and upon the sands of North Africa itself. The contest resulted, of course, in the destruction of Carthage as Rome rose to be the most significant imperial power of the ancient world. Contains useful battle field maps. Leonaur editions are newly typeset and are not facsimiles; each title is available in softcover and hardback with dustjacket; our hardbacks are cloth bound and feature gold foil lettering on their spines and fabric head and tail bands.
The Oxford Handbook of the Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean by Carolina López-Ruiz,Brian R. Doak Pdf
The Phoenicians created the Mediterranean world as we know it--yet they remain a poorly understood group. In this Handbook, the first of its kind in English, readers will find expert essays covering the history, culture, and areas of settlement throughout the Phoenician and Punic world.
The Punic Wars (264-146BC) sprang from a mighty power struggle between two ancient civilisations - the trading empire of Carthage and the military confedoration of Rome. It was a period of astonishing human misfortune, lasting over a period of 118 years and resulting in the radical depletion of Rome's population and resources and the complete annihilation of Carthage. All this took place more than 2,000 years ago, yet, as Nigel Bagnall's comprehensive history demonstrates, the ancient conflict is remarkable for its contemporary revelance.
The struggle between Rome and Carthage in the Punic Wars was arguably the greatest and most desperate conflict of antiquity. The forces involved and the casualties suffered by both sides were far greater than in any wars fought before the modern era, while the eventual outcome had far-reaching consequences for the history of the Western World, namely the ascendancy of Rome. An epic of war and battle, this is also the story of famous generals and leaders: Hannibal, Fabius Maximus, Scipio Africanus, and his grandson Scipio Aemilianus, who would finally bring down the walls of Carthage.
A Companion to the Punic Wars offers a comprehensive new survey of the three wars fought between Rome and Carthage between 264 and 146 BC. Offers a broad survey of the Punic Wars from a variety of perspectives Features contributions from an outstanding cast of international scholars with unrivalled expertise Includes chapters on military and naval techniques, strategies, logistics, and Hannibal as a charismatic general and leader Gives balanced coverage of both Carthage and Rome
The text provides a study of the longest continuous war in ancient history and the greatest naval conflict ever fought. It is intended for Roman history courses, academic and research libraries, and military history buffs.
The armies of Carthage were diverse, made up of men of various ethnic groups, military specializations, and even motivations. Whilst some were citizen soldiers fighting on behalf of their state, others were ruthless mercenaries who remained loyal only so long as they were paid. As the Punic Wars progressed and the merits of professional soldiers became appreciated, mercenaries became the backbone of Carthaginian armies. Backed up by detailed reference to historical sources, this book examines the life of a Carthaginian warrior, following his experiences from initial recruitment to final battle, and focusing on what he ate, the equipment he carried and the tactics he used on the battlefield. This in-depth analysis of warriors in daily life and battle is accompanied by archival photographs and vibrant illustrations from Steve Noon.
