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The Quantum World Unveiled by Electron Waves by Akira Tonomura Pdf
This book emphasizes the experimental aspects of the author's own laboratory. Instead of merely presenting a dry collection of knowledge, the author unfolds to the readers his vivid experiences of enthusiasm, sheer pleasure, and yet frustrations in the course of his own research. In this way, the book aims to arouse the reader's curiosity in the strange behaviors of electrons in the microscopic world, which differ significantly from our common sense and daily experiences of the macroscopic world. The fields of physics explored in the book are quantum mechanics, superconductivity, electron microscopy, holography, magnetism, and unified theory - areas of the author's study using electron waves. A world-renowned expert in electron holography, the author promises the interested reader a fascinating ride through the quantum world of electron waves, accompanied by many colorful illustrations that delight the senses and captivate the imagination.
As Kenneth W. Ford shows us in The Quantum World, the laws governing the very small and the very swift defy common sense and stretch our minds to the limit. Drawing on a deep familiarity with the discoveries of the twentieth century, Ford gives an appealing account of quantum physics that will help the serious reader make sense of a science that, for all its successes, remains mysterious. In order to make the book even more suitable for classroom use, the author, assisted by Diane Goldstein, has included a new section of Quantum Questions at the back of the book. A separate answer manual to these 300+ questions is available; visit The Quantum World website for ordering information. There is also a cloth edition of this book, which does not include the Quantum Questions included in this paperback edition.
“An elegant and accessible” investigation of quantum mechanics for non-specialists—“highly recommended” for students of the sciences, sci-fi fans, and anyone interested in the strange world of quantum physics (Forbes) Rules of the quantum world seem to say that a cat can be both alive and dead at the same time and a particle can be in two places at once. And that particle is also a wave; everything in the quantum world can described in terms of waves—or entirely in terms of particles. These interpretations were all established by the end of the 1920s, by Erwin Schrödinger, Werner Heisenberg, Paul Dirac, and others. But no one has yet come up with a common sense explanation of what is going on. In this concise and engaging book, astrophysicist John Gribbin offers an overview of six of the leading interpretations of quantum mechanics. Gribbin calls his account “agnostic,” explaining that none of these interpretations is any better—or any worse—than any of the others. Gribbin presents the Copenhagen Interpretation, promoted by Niels Bohr and named by Heisenberg; the Pilot-Wave Interpretation, developed by Louis de Broglie; the Many Worlds Interpretation (termed “excess baggage” by Gribbin); the Decoherence Interpretation (“incoherent”); the Ensemble “Non-Interpretation”; and the Timeless Transactional Interpretation (which theorized waves going both forward and backward in time). All of these interpretations are crazy, Gribbin warns, and some are more crazy than others—but in the quantum world, being more crazy does not necessarily mean more wrong.
Forget everything you thought you knew about reality. The world is a seriously bizarre place. Things can exist in two places at once and travel backwards and forwards in time. Waves and particles are one and the same, and objects change their behaviour according to whether they are being watched. This is not some alternative universe but the realm of the very small, where quantum mechanics rules. In this weird world of atoms and their constituents, our common sense understanding of reality breaks down - yet quantum mechanics has never failed an experimental test. What does it all mean? For all its weirdness, quantum mechanics has given us many practical technologies including lasers and the transistors that underlie computers and all digital technology. In the future, it promises computers more powerful than any built before, the ability to communicate with absolute privacy, and even quantum teleportation. The Quantum World explores the past, present and future of quantum science, its applications and mind-bending implications. Discover how ideas from quantum mechanics are percolating out into the vast scale of the cosmos - perhaps, in the future, to reveal a new understanding of the big bang and the nature of space and time. ABOUT THE SERIES New Scientist Instant Expert books are definitive and accessible entry points to the most important subjects in science; subjects that challenge, attract debate, invite controversy and engage the most enquiring minds. Designed for curious readers who want to know how things work and why, the Instant Expert series explores the topics that really matter and their impact on individuals, society, and the planet, translating the scientific complexities around us into language that's open to everyone, and putting new ideas and discoveries into perspective and context.
Transmission Electron Microscopy by C. Barry Carter,David B. Williams Pdf
This text is a companion volume to Transmission Electron Microscopy: A Textbook for Materials Science by Williams and Carter. The aim is to extend the discussion of certain topics that are either rapidly changing at this time or that would benefit from more detailed discussion than space allowed in the primary text. World-renowned researchers have contributed chapters in their area of expertise, and the editors have carefully prepared these chapters to provide a uniform tone and treatment for this exciting material. The book features an unparalleled collection of color figures showcasing the quality and variety of chemical data that can be obtained from today’s instruments, as well as key pitfalls to avoid. As with the previous TEM text, each chapter contains two sets of questions, one for self assessment and a second more suitable for homework assignments. Throughout the book, the style follows that of Williams & Carter even when the subject matter becomes challenging—the aim is always to make the topic understandable by first-year graduate students and others who are working in the field of Materials Science Topics covered include sources, in-situ experiments, electron diffraction, Digital Micrograph, waves and holography, focal-series reconstruction and direct methods, STEM and tomography, energy-filtered TEM (EFTEM) imaging, and spectrum imaging. The range and depth of material makes this companion volume essential reading for the budding microscopist and a key reference for practicing researchers using these and related techniques.
Principles of Electron Optics, Volume 3 by Peter W. Hawkes,Erwin Kasper Pdf
Principles of Electron Optic: Volume Three: Wave Optics, discusses this essential topic in microscopy to help readers understand the propagation of electrons from the source to the specimen, and through the latter (and from it) to the image plane of the instrument. In addition, it also explains interference phenomena, notably holography, and informal coherence theory. This third volume accompanies volumes one and two that cover new content on holography and interference, improved and new modes of image formation, aberration corrected imaging, simulation, and measurement, 3D-reconstruction, and more. The study of such beams forms the subject of electron optics, which divides naturally into geometrical optics where effects due to wavelength are neglected, with wave optics considered. Includes authoritative coverage of the fundamental theory behind electron beams Describes the interaction of electrons with solids and the information that can be obtained from electron-beam techniques Addresses recent, relevant research topics, including new content on holography and interference, new modes of image formation, 3D reconstruction and aberration corrected imaging, simulation and measurement
The Quantum Challenge by George Greenstein,Arthur Zajonc Pdf
The Quantum Challenge, Second Edition, is an engaging and thorough treatment of the extraordinary phenomena of quantum mechanics and of the enormous challenge they present to our conception of the physical world. Traditionally, the thrill of grappling with such issues is reserved for practicing scientists, while physical science, mathematics, and engineering students are often isolated from these inspiring questions. This book was written to remove this isolation.
The ideas and phenomena of the quantum world are strikingly unlike those encountered in our visual world. Surfing the Quantum World shows why and how this is so. It does this via a historical review and a gentle introduction to the fundamental principles of quantum theory, whose core concepts and symbolic representations are used to explain not only "ordinary" microscopic phenomena like the properties of the hydrogen atom and the structure of the Periodic Table of the Elements, but also a variety of mind-bending phenomena. Readers will learn that particles such as electrons and photons can behave like waves, allowing them to be in two places simultaneously, why white dwarf and neutron stars are gigantic quantum objects, how the maximum height of mountains has a quantum basis, and why quantum objects can tunnel through seemingly impenetrable barriers. Included among the various interpretational issues addressed is whether Schrödinger's cat is ever both dead and alive.
Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics by Peter W. Hawkes Pdf
Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics merges two long-running serials, Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics and Advances in Optical and Electron Microscopy. The series features extended articles on the physics of electron devices, especially semiconductor devices, particle optics at high and low energies, microlithography, image science, digital image processing, electromagnetic wave propagation, electron microscopy, and the computing methods used in all these domains. Contains contributions from leading authorities on the subject matter Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field of imaging and electron physics Provides practitioners interested in microscopy, optics, image processing, mathematical morphology, electromagnetic fields, electron, and ion emission with a valuable resource Features extended articles on the physics of electron devices, especially semiconductor devices, particle optics at high and low energies, microlithography, image science, and digital image processing
Handbook of Nanoscopy by Gustaaf van Tendeloo,Dirk van Dyck,Stephen J. Pennycook Pdf
This completely revised successor to the Handbook of Microscopy supplies in-depth coverage of all imaging technologies from the optical to the electron and scanning techniques. Adopting a twofold approach, the book firstly presents the various technologies as such, before going on to cover the materials class by class, analyzing how the different imaging methods can be successfully applied. It covers the latest developments in techniques, such as in-situ TEM, 3D imaging in TEM and SEM, as well as a broad range of material types, including metals, alloys, ceramics, polymers, semiconductors, minerals, quasicrystals, amorphous solids, among others. The volumes are divided between methods and applications, making this both a reliable reference and handbook for chemists, physicists, biologists, materials scientists and engineers, as well as graduate students and their lecturers.
A Focus of Discoveries by Rudolf P Huebener,Heinz Lübbig Pdf
On the special occasion of the 125th anniversary in 2012 of the PTB and its predecessor PTR, this second edition is presented (in CD) with a new chapter on the current impact of quantum standards. In 1887, the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) was originally founded as the Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt (PTR) in Berlin in order to promote basic research in physics. It subsequently developed into the largest research center worldwide as a place where scientists could concentrate exclusively on their research subject, and served as a model for similar institutes established in other countries. Within a very short time, the PTR produced extremely important scientific results that cemented its international position at the top, such as Max Planck's radiation law and energy quantization theory as well as Walther Meissner's discovery of the Meissner effect which represented a turning point in the field of superconductivity. This book describes the scientific and industrial milieu of the time, and explains in detail the role of the key people, including Albert Einstein's involvement with the PTR. A brief discussion on how the PTR was affected by the Nazi dictatorship in Germany is also given. Contents:The Foundation and the Key Role of Werner SiemensSome Memoranda at the BeginningThe Start under President Hermann von HelmholtzThe Institute as a ModelThe Optical Laboratory and the Birth of Quantum TheoryThe Low-Temperature Laboratory and the Discovery of the Meissner EffectThe Chemical Laboratory and the Discovery of New ElementsThe Laboratory for RadioactivityThe Imperial Institute and Albert EinsteinCounting and Measuring — Quantum Statistics and Quantum StandardsFundamental Constants — the Best Information on Nature AvailableThe Meter Convention for the Global Consistency of MeasurementsThe Presidents of the Institute until 1933The Institute under the Nazi Dictatorship and a New BeginningThe Electromagnetic Quantum Triangle — Quantum Standards from the Perspective of Ohm's Law Readership: General readers; students and scientists in physics, chemistry and related areas; academics interested in the history of science. Keywords:Planck's Radiation Law;Meissner Effect;Geiger Counter;Coincidence Technique;Nuclear Fission;Liquid Helium;Radioactivity;RheniumKey Features:Recalls the extremely fruitful scientific period in Berlin during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, connected with names such as Planck, von Helmholtz, Siemens, Rubens, Lummer, Kurlbaum, Wien, Paschen, Nernst, von Laue, Einstein, Meissner, Geiger, Bothe, Kolhörster, Noddack, Kohlrausch, and WarburgIncludes 45 illustrationsReviews: “Presenting a great institution, or indeed expounding a great scientific theme in this way, is indeed a very valuable approach to foster the history of a field, at least when the expected readership, such as the one of the present book, is composed mostly of professionals of the discipline ... The book by Huebener and Lübbig is an enjoyable read and the authors have indeed succeeded in achieving their promise.” IL Nuovo Saggiatore “This is a very interesting book. The book provides a very enjoyable reading experience. I highly recommend it to everyone who is active in science and to readers who are interested in its development.”Prof. Dr. Vladimir Kresin Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory University of California, Berkeley Reviews of the First Edition: “With the use of many original documents the authors create a very lively picture of the highly scientific and pioneering climate at PTR which actually takes the reader back to this fascinating area.” Professor Dr Ernst O Göbel President of Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt “This book is primarily interesting because it is also a history of much of 20th-century physics, since much of this was developed by people closely tied to Physikalisch-Technishe Reichsanstalt.” Choice “It offers a useful overview of the fate of the PTR after 1919, and suggests that a sequel to Cahan's study of the Reichsanstalt's earlier development would be well worth undertaking.” ISIS
In 1887, the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) was originally founded as the Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt (PTR) in Berlin in order to promote basic research in physics. It subsequently developed into the largest research center worldwide as a place where scientists could concentrate exclusively on their research subject, and served as a model for similar institutes established in other countries. Within a very short time, the PTR produced extremely important scientific results that cemented its international position at the top, such as Max Planck's radiation law and energy quantization theory as well as Walther Meissner's discovery of the Meissner effect which represented a turning point in the field of superconductivity. This book describes the scientific and industrial milieu of the time, and explains in detail the role of the key people, including Albert Einstein's involvement with the PTR. A brief discussion on how the PTR was affected by the Nazi dictatorship in Germany is also given. On the special occasion of the 125th anniversary in 2012 of the PTB and its predecessor PTR, this second edition is presented (in CD) with a new chapter on the current impact of quantum standards.
Computer Simulation Studies in Condensed-Matter Physics XVIII by David P. Landau,Steven P. Lewis,Heinz-Bernd Schüttler Pdf
This status report features the most recent developments in the field, spanning a wide range of topical areas in the computer simulation of condensed matter/materials physics. Both established and new topics are included, ranging from the statistical mechanics of classical magnetic spin models to electronic structure calculations, quantum simulations, and simulations of soft condensed matter.
Electron Microscopy and Analysis 1997, Proceedings of the Institute of Physics Electron Microscopy and Analysis Group Conference, University of Cambridge, 2-5 September 1997 by Rodenburg Pdf
Electron Microscopy and Analysis 1997 celebrates the centenary anniversary of the discovery of the electron by J.J. Thomson in Cambridge and the fiftieth anniversary of this distinguished Institute group. The book includes papers on the early history of electron microscopy (from P. Hawkes), the development of the scanning electron microscope at Cambridge (from K. Smith), electron energy loss spectroscopy (from L.M. Brown), imaging methods (from J. Spence), and the future of electron microscopy (from C. Humphreys). Covering a wide range of applications of advanced techniques, it discusses electron imaging, electron energy-loss and x-ray analysis, and scanning probe and electron beam microscopies. This volume is a handy reference for professionals using microscopes in all areas of physics, materials science, metallurgy, and surface science to gain an overview of developments in our understanding of materials microstructure and of advances in microscope interrogation techniques.