The Rare Elements

Author : J.H.L. Voncken
Publisher : Springer
Page : 127 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2015-12-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319268095

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The Rare Earth Elements by J.H.L. Voncken Pdf

This book deals with the rare earth elements (REE), which are a series of 17 transition metals: scandium, yttrium and the lanthanide series of elements (lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium and lutetium). They are relatively unknown to the wider public, despite their numerous applications and their critical role in many high-tech applications, such as high-temperature superconductors, phosphors (for energy-saving lamps, flat-screen monitors and flat-screen televisions), rechargeable batteries (household and automotive), very strong permanent magnets (used for instance in wind turbines and hard-disk drives), or even in a medical MRI application. This book describes the history of their discovery, the major REE ore minerals and the major ore deposits that are presently being exploited (or are planned to be exploited in the very near future), the physical and chemical properties of REEs, the mineral processing of REE concentrates and their extractive metallurgy, the applications of these elements, their economic aspects and the influential economical role of China, and finally the recycling of the REE, which is an emerging field.

Author : Guillaume Pitron
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2024-02-27
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1761380958

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The Rare Metals War by Guillaume Pitron Pdf

The resources race is on. Powering our digital lives and green technologies are some of the Earth's most precious metals -- but they are running out. And what will happen when they do? The green-tech revolution has been lauded as the silver bullet to a new world. One that is at last free of oil, pollution, shortages, and cross-border tensions. Now updated after several years of research across a dozen countries, this book cuts across conventional green thinking to probe the hidden, dark side of green technology. By breaking free of fossil fuels, we are in fact setting ourselves up for a new dependence -- on rare metals such as cobalt, gold, and palladium. They are essential to electric vehicles, wind turbines, solar panels, our smartphones, computers, tablets, and other everyday connected objects. China has captured the lion's share of the rare metals industry, but consumers know very little about how they are mined and traded, or their environmental, economic, and geopolitical costs. The Rare Metals Waris a vital exposé of the ticking time-bomb that lies beneath our new technological order. It uncovers the reality of our lavish and ambitious environmental quest that involves risks as formidable as those it seeks to resolve.

Author : Alfred Golloch
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 418 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2017-04-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783110391251

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Handbook of Rare Earth Elements by Alfred Golloch Pdf

The Handbook of Rare Earth Elements focuses on the essential role of modern instrumental analytics in the recycling, purification and analysis of rare earth elements. Due to their numerous applications, e.g. in novel magnetic materials for computer hardware, mobile phones and displays, rare earth elements have become a strategic and valuable resource. The detailed knowledge of rare earth element contents at every step of their life cycle is of great importance. This reference work was compiled with contribution from an international team of expert authors from Academia and Industry to presend a comprehensive discussion on the state-of-the-art of rare earth element analysis for industrial and scientific purposes, recycling processes and purification of REEs from various sources. Written with Analytical Chemists, Inorganic Chemists, Spectroscopists as well as Industry Practitioners in mind, the Handbook of Rare Earth Elements is an indispensable reference for everyone working with rare earth elements.

Author : Ismar Borges De Lima,Walter Leal Filho
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 468 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2015-09-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128025680

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Rare Earths Industry by Ismar Borges De Lima,Walter Leal Filho Pdf

Rare Earths elements are composed of 15 chemical elements in the periodic table. Scandium and yttrium have similar properties, with mineral assemblages, and are therefore referred alike in the literature. Although abundant in the planet surface, the Rare Earths are not found in concentrated forms, thus making them economically valued as they are so challenging to obtain. Rare Earths Industry: Technological, Economic and Environmental Implications provides an interdisciplinary orientation to the topic of Rare Earths with a focus on technical, scientific, academic, economic, and environmental issues. Part I of book deals with the Rare Earths Reserves and Mining, Part II focuses on Rare Earths Processes and High-Tech Product Development, and Part III deals with Rare Earths Recycling Opportunities and Challenges. The chapters provide updated information and priceless analysis of the theme, and they seek to present the latest techniques, approaches, processes and technologies that can reduce the costs of compliance with environmental concerns in a way it is possible to anticipate and mitigate emerging problems. Discusses the influence of policy on Rare Earth Elements to help raise interest in developing strategies for management resource development and exploitation Global contributions will address solutions in countries that are high RE producers, including China, Brazil, Australia, and South China End of chapter critical summaries outline the technological, economic and environmental implications of rare earths reserves, exploration and market Provides a concise, but meaningful, geopolitical analysis of the current worldwide scenario and importance of rare earths exploration for governments, corporate groups, and local stakeholders

Author : Volker Zepf
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 162 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2013-02-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642354588

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Rare Earth Elements by Volker Zepf Pdf

This thesis deals with Rare Earth Elements (REE), especially with neodymium used in permanent magnets, from a very scientific basis by providing basic research data. Despite the fact that REE are newsworthy and very important elements for a considerable bandwidth of todays’ technologies, accompanied by the monopolistic supply-situation and Chinese politics, there are inexplicable data discrepancies about REE which have been recognized frequently but usually have not been addressed accordingly. So this analysis started with the hypothesis that the four application areas, namely computer hard disk drives (HDD), mobile phones, wind turbines and e-mobility (automotive traction), account for about 80% of the global annual neodymium-demand. The research methodology was a laboratory analysis of the composition of used magnets for HDDs and mobile phones and a literature and official report analysis of wind turbine and automotive neodymium use. The result was amazing and the hypothesis had to be withdrawn as these four areas only account for about 20% of neodymium use. This result raises some questions concerning actual use and thus potential recycling options.

Author : Philip L. Verplanck,Murray Walter Hitzman
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 365 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Geology, Economic
ISBN : 162949092X

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Rare Earth and Critical Elements in Ore Deposits by Philip L. Verplanck,Murray Walter Hitzman Pdf

Author : Julie Michelle Klinger
Publisher : Cornell University Press
Page : 340 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2018-01-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781501714610

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Rare Earth Frontiers by Julie Michelle Klinger Pdf

Owing to their unique magnetic, phosphorescent, and catalytic properties, rare earths are the elements that make possible teverything from the miniaturization of electronics, to the enabling of green energy and medical technologies, to supporting essential telecommunications and defense systems. An iPhone uses eight rare earths for everything from its colored screen, to its speakers, to the miniaturization of the phone?s circuitry. On the periodic table rare earth elements comprise a set of seventeen chemical elements (the fifteen lanthanides plus scandium and yttrium). There would be no Pokémon Go without rare earths. Rare Earth Frontiers is a work of human geography. Klinger looks historically and geographically at the ways rare earth elements in three discrete but representative and contested sites are given meaning.

Author : Ryan David Kiggins
Publisher : Springer
Page : 228 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2015-07-28
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781137364241

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The Political Economy of Rare Earth Elements by Ryan David Kiggins Pdf

The contributors argue that rare earths are essential to the information technology revolution on which humans have come to depend for communication, commerce, and, increasingly, engage in conflict. They demonstrate that rare earths are a strategic commodity over which political actors will and do struggle for control.

Author : Bruce R. Lipin,G.A. McKay
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2018-12-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781501509032

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Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Rare Earth Elements by Bruce R. Lipin,G.A. McKay Pdf

Volume 21 of Reviews in Mineralogy treats a short course on the rare earth elements to about 80 participants in San Francisco, California, December 1-3, 1989, just prior to the fall meeting of the American Geophysical Union. Contents: Cosmochemistry of the Rare Earth Elements: Condensation and Evaporation Processes Radiogenic Isotope Geochemistry of Rare Earth Elements Partitioning of Rare Earth Elements between Major Silicate Minerals and Basaltic Melts An Approach to Trace Element Modeling Using a Simple Igneous System as an Example Rare Earth Elements in Upper Mantle Rocks Rare Earth Elements in Metamorphic Rocks Rare Earth Elements in Sedimentary Rocks: Influence of Provenance and Sedimentary Processes Aqueous Geochemistry of Rare Earth Elements Rare Earth Elements in Lunar Materials Compositional and Phase Relations among Rare Earth Element Minerals Economic Geology of Rare Earth Minerals Cathodoluminescence Emission Spectra of Rare Earth Element Activators in Minerals

Author : P. Henderson
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 523 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2013-10-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781483289779

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Rare Earth Element Geochemistry by P. Henderson Pdf

Developments in Geochemistry, Volume 2: Rare Earth Element Geochemistry presents the remarkable developments in the chemistry and geochemistry of the rare earth elements. This book discusses the analytical techniques and the recognition that rare earth fractionation occurs naturally in different ways. Organized into 13 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the wide array of types and sizes of the cation coordination polyhedral in rock-forming minerals. This text then examines the application of rare earth element abundances to petrogenetic problems that has centered on the evolution of igneous rocks. Other chapters consider the matching of observed rare earth element abundances with those provided by the theoretical modeling of petrogenetic processes. This book discusses as well the hypotheses on the genesis of a rock or mineral suite. The final chapter deals with the principal analytical methods. This book is a valuable resource for undergraduates, lecturers, and researchers who study petrology and geochemistry.

Author : Peter Möller,Petr Cerny,Francis Saupe
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 383 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2013-11-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642872624

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Lanthanides, Tantalum and Niobium by Peter Möller,Petr Cerny,Francis Saupe Pdf

Rare Earth Elements (REE) as well as tantalum and niobium are of tremendous importance because of their specific high-technology applications. The contributions gathered in this volume give an up-to-date survey on the mineralogy, primary ore deposits, prospecting, processing and applications of REE, Ta, and Nd, making this volume a useful handbook for practitioners and students. Finally, the comprehensive coverage of the fundamental aspects, especially as regards REE as tracers of geological phenomena, will prove extremely helpful.

Author : Jack Zhang,Baodong Zhao,Bryan Schreiner
Publisher : Springer
Page : 259 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2016-02-10
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783319282350

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Separation Hydrometallurgy of Rare Earth Elements by Jack Zhang,Baodong Zhao,Bryan Schreiner Pdf

This book describes in a comprehensive manner the technical aspects of separation of rare earth elements into individual elements for industrial and commercial use. The authors include details on and differentiate among the effective separation of rare earth elements for various parts of the world. They introduce new applications of separation of rare earth elements from concentrates of diverse ore types.

Author : Roland Howanietz
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 178 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2018-06-12
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781351109895

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China's Virtual Monopoly of Rare Earth Elements by Roland Howanietz Pdf

Rare Earth Elements are a group of 17 metals which have a central role in modern industry, increasingly used in the fields of green technologies, high technological consumer goods, industrial and medical appliances and modern weapons systems. Although deposits of Rare Earths are globally dispersed, over 90% of global demand has been provided by Chinese mines since the late 1990s, leading to a situation where China has a virtual monopoly. This book surveys the Rare Earths mining industry, discusses the extent to which Rare Earths really are scarce elsewhere in the world and assesses the economics of production, considering arguments for the rationing of supply, for higher pricing and for a total export embargo. This actually occurred in 2010, demonstrating the vulnerability of the rest of the world to China’s control of these increasingly vital resources.

Author : Abhilash,Ata Akcil
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 438 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2019-11-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780429657375

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Critical and Rare Earth Elements by Abhilash,Ata Akcil Pdf

This book is aimed to compile the distribution of rare earth elements in various resources with their processing from secondary resources. It includes details of various processes developed for extraction of rare earth elements from varied raw materials ranging from e-wastes, tailings, process wastes and residues. It emphasizes importance of processing of the secondary resources to assist environmental remediation of such untreated wastes and get finished products. It covers all aspects of rare metals and rare earth metals in one volume covering extraction, separation and recycling of secondary resources for extraction of these metals along with relevant case studies.

Author : C. H. Evans
Publisher : Springer
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 1996-07-31
Category : History
ISBN : UOM:39015038610658

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Episodes from the History of the Rare Earth Elements by C. H. Evans Pdf

This is the first volume devoted entirely to the fascinating history of the discovery of the rare earth elements. Part I, `Discovery', describes how the isolation and characterization of each new rare earth element confronted chemists with unparalleled difficulties for over 150 years. In addition, these elements introduced particular problems for Mendeleyev's periodic table. Study of the rare earths occupied the best chemical minds of the day, including such notables as Gadolin, Berzelius, Mosander, Hisinger, Kloproth, Urban, Auer von Welsbach and Crookes. An interesting inclusion in the present work is a first-hand account by Marinsky of the discovery of the last rare earth element to be identified: promethium. Taken together, these chapters show how chemical discovery is limited by technology and how priority disputes arise and are settled. Part II, `Application', has chapters on both the industrial uses of the rare earths and their application to pharmacology and medicine, where gadolinium is now a standard contrast-enhancing agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). There is also a contribution from the director of the China Rare Earth Information Centre, which is appropriate as China has the world's largest deposits of rare earth minerals. Today, rare earth elements have a number of important industrial applications including their use as colorants, X-ray phosphors, lasers and magnets. Their unique properties have been widely exploited in biological and biochemical research. They also find increasing application in medicine. Audience: This volume will be of interest to chemists and historians of science and technology.