The Rise Of Statistical Thinking 1820 1900

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The Rise of Statistical Thinking, 1820–1900

Theodore M. Porter
The Rise of Statistical Thinking 1820 1900 Book PDF

Author : Theodore M. Porter
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2020-08-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780691210520

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The Rise of Statistical Thinking, 1820–1900 by Theodore M. Porter Pdf

An essential work on the origins of statistics The Rise of Statistical Thinking, 1820–1900 explores the history of statistics from the field's origins in the nineteenth century through to the factors that produced the burst of modern statistical innovation in the early twentieth century. Theodore Porter shows that statistics was not developed by mathematicians and then applied to the sciences and social sciences. Rather, the field came into being through the efforts of social scientists, who saw a need for statistical tools in their examination of society. Pioneering statistical physicists and biologists James Clerk Maxwell, Ludwig Boltzmann, and Francis Galton introduced statistical models to the sciences by pointing to analogies between their disciplines and the social sciences. A new preface by the author looks at how the book has remained relevant since its initial publication, and considers the current place of statistics in scientific research.

The Rise of Statistical Thinking, 1820-1900

Theodore M. Porter
The Rise of Statistical Thinking 1820 1900 Book PDF

Author : Theodore M. Porter
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 333 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 1986
Category : Mathematical statistics
ISBN : 0691084165

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The Rise of Statistical Thinking, 1820-1900 by Theodore M. Porter Pdf

Emphasizing the debt of science to nonspecialist intellectuals, Theodore Porter describes in detail the nineteenth-century background that produced the burst of modern statistical innovation of the early 1900s. Statistics arose as a study of society--the science of the statist--and the pioneering statistical physicists and biologists, Maxwell, Boltzmann, and Galton, each introduced statistical models by pointing to analogies between his discipline and social science.

Trust in Numbers

Theodore M. Porter
Trust in Numbers Book PDF

Author : Theodore M. Porter
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2020-08-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780691210544

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Trust in Numbers by Theodore M. Porter Pdf

A foundational work on historical and social studies of quantification What accounts for the prestige of quantitative methods? The usual answer is that quantification is desirable in social investigation as a result of its successes in science. Trust in Numbers questions whether such success in the study of stars, molecules, or cells should be an attractive model for research on human societies, and examines why the natural sciences are highly quantitative in the first place. Theodore Porter argues that a better understanding of the attractions of quantification in business, government, and social research brings a fresh perspective to its role in psychology, physics, and medicine. Quantitative rigor is not inherent in science but arises from political and social pressures, and objectivity derives its impetus from cultural contexts. In a new preface, the author sheds light on the current infatuation with quantitative methods, particularly at the intersection of science and bureaucracy.

How Data Happened: A History from the Age of Reason to the Age of Algorithms

Chris Wiggins,Matthew L. Jones
How Data Happened A History from the Age of Reason to the Age of Algorithms Book PDF

Author : Chris Wiggins,Matthew L. Jones
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
Page : 289 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2023-03-21
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781324006749

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How Data Happened: A History from the Age of Reason to the Age of Algorithms by Chris Wiggins,Matthew L. Jones Pdf

“Fascinating.” —Jill Lepore, The New Yorker A sweeping history of data and its technical, political, and ethical impact on our world. From facial recognition—capable of checking people into flights or identifying undocumented residents—to automated decision systems that inform who gets loans and who receives bail, each of us moves through a world determined by data-empowered algorithms. But these technologies didn’t just appear: they are part of a history that goes back centuries, from the census enshrined in the US Constitution to the birth of eugenics in Victorian Britain to the development of Google search. Expanding on the popular course they created at Columbia University, Chris Wiggins and Matthew L. Jones illuminate the ways in which data has long been used as a tool and a weapon in arguing for what is true, as well as a means of rearranging or defending power. They explore how data was created and curated, as well as how new mathematical and computational techniques developed to contend with that data serve to shape people, ideas, society, military operations, and economies. Although technology and mathematics are at its heart, the story of data ultimately concerns an unstable game among states, corporations, and people. How were new technical and scientific capabilities developed; who supported, advanced, or funded these capabilities or transitions; and how did they change who could do what, from what, and to whom? Wiggins and Jones focus on these questions as they trace data’s historical arc, and look to the future. By understanding the trajectory of data—where it has been and where it might yet go—Wiggins and Jones argue that we can understand how to bend it to ends that we collectively choose, with intentionality and purpose.

The Emergence of Genetic Rationality

Phillip Thurtle
The Emergence of Genetic Rationality Book PDF

Author : Phillip Thurtle
Publisher : University of Washington Press
Page : 392 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2011-06-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780295990347

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The Emergence of Genetic Rationality by Phillip Thurtle Pdf

The emergence of genetic science has profoundly shaped how we think about biology. Indeed, it is difficult now to consider nearly any facet of human experience without first considering the gene. But this mode of understanding life is not, of course, transhistorical. Phillip Thurtle takes us back to the moment just before the emergence of genetic rationality at the turn of the twentieth century to explicate the technological, economic, cultural, and even narrative transformations necessary to make genetic thinking possible. The rise of managerial capitalism brought with it an array of homologous practices, all of which transformed the social fabric. With transformations in political economy and new technologies came new conceptions of biology, and it is in the relationships of social class to breeding practices, of middle managers to biological information processing, and of transportation to experiences of space and time, that we can begin to locate the conditions that made genetic thinking possible, desirable, and seemingly natural. In describing this historical moment, The Emergence of Genetic Rationality is panoramic in scope, addressing primary texts that range from horse breeding manuals to eugenics treatises, natural history tables to railway surveys, and novels to personal diaries. It draws on the work of figures as diverse as Thorstein Veblen, Jack London, Edith Wharton, William James, and Luther Burbank. The central figure, David Starr Jordan - naturalist, poet, eugenicist, educator - provides the book with a touchstone for deciphering the mode of rationality that genetics superseded. Building on continental philosophy, media studies, systems theory, and theories of narrative, The Emergence of Genetic Rationality provides an inter-disciplinary contribution to intellectual and scientific history, science studies, and cultural studies. It offers a truly encyclopedic cultural history that challenges our own ways of organizing knowledge even as it explicates those of an earlier era. In a time in which genetic rationality has become our own common sense, this discussion of its emergence reminds us of the interdependence of the tools we use to process information and the conceptions of life they animate.

Statistical Thought

Shoutir Kishore Chatterjee
Statistical Thought Book PDF

Author : Shoutir Kishore Chatterjee
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 450 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 0198525311

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Statistical Thought by Shoutir Kishore Chatterjee Pdf

In this unique monograph, based on years of extensive work, Chatterjee presents the historical evolution of statistical thought from the perspective of various approaches to statistical induction. Developments in statistical concepts and theories are discussed alongside philosophical ideas on the ways we learn from experience.

A Cultural History of Heredity

Staffan Müller-Wille,Hans-Jörg Rheinberger
A Cultural History of Heredity Book PDF

Author : Staffan Müller-Wille,Hans-Jörg Rheinberger
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 339 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2012-06-26
Category : History
ISBN : 9780226545707

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A Cultural History of Heredity by Staffan Müller-Wille,Hans-Jörg Rheinberger Pdf

Heredity: knowledge and power -- Generation, reproduction, evolution -- Heredity in separate domains -- First syntheses -- Heredity, race, and eugenics -- Disciplining heredity -- Heredity and molecular biology -- Gene technology, genomics, postgenomics: attempt at an outlook.

Disciplining Statistics

Libby Schweber
Disciplining Statistics Book PDF

Author : Libby Schweber
Publisher : Duke University Press
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2006-11-28
Category : History
ISBN : 0822338149

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Disciplining Statistics by Libby Schweber Pdf

Disciplining Statistics contrasts the different ways that statistical knowledge was developed and used in England and France during the nineteenth century.

Numbered Voices

Susan Herbst
Numbered Voices Book PDF

Author : Susan Herbst
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 1995-08-15
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0226327434

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Numbered Voices by Susan Herbst Pdf

Quantifying the American mood through opinion polls appears to be an unbiased means for finding out what people want. But in Numbered Voices, Susan Herbst demonstrates that the way public opinion is measured affects the use that voters, legislators, and journalists make of it. Exploring the history of public opinion in the United States from the mid-nineteenth century to the present day, Herbst shows how numbers served both instrumental and symbolic functions, not only conveying neutral information but creating a basis authority. Addressing how the quantification of public opinion has affected contemporary politics and the democratic process, Herbst asks difficult but fundamental questions about the workings of American politics. "An original and thought-provoking analysis of why we have polls, what they accomplish, and how they affect the current political scene. Herbst's scholarship is impeccable, her writing is clear and crisp, and her findings are original. . . . Every reader will benefit by carefully weighing the issues she raises and the conclusions she draws."—Doris A. Graber, Political Science Quarterly "An intelligent, theoretically rich, and historically broad account of public opinion over several millennia. . . . The historical accounts are interesting and her interpretations are thought-provoking."—Paul Brace, Journal of American History

Statistics on the Table

Stephen M. Stigler
Statistics on the Table Book PDF

Author : Stephen M. Stigler
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 514 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2002-09-30
Category : History
ISBN : 0674009797

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Statistics on the Table by Stephen M. Stigler Pdf

This lively collection of essays examines statistical ideas with an ironic eye for their essence and what their history can tell us for current disputes. The topics range from 17th-century medicine and the circulation of blood, to the cause of the Great Depression, to the determinations of the shape of the Earth and the speed of light.

Victorians and Numbers

Lawrence Goldman
Victorians and Numbers Book PDF

Author : Lawrence Goldman
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 436 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2022-02-03
Category : History
ISBN : 9780192663412

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Victorians and Numbers by Lawrence Goldman Pdf

A defining feature of nineteenth-century Britain was its fascination with statistics. The processes that made Victorian society, including the growth of population, the development of industry and commerce, and the increasing competence of the state, generated profuse numerical data. This is a study of how such data influenced every aspect of Victorian culture and thought, from the methods of natural science and the struggle against disease, to the development of social administration and the arguments and conflicts between social classes. Numbers were collected in the 1830s by newly-created statistical societies in response to this 'data revolution'. They became a regular aspect of governmental procedure thereafter, and inspired new ways of interrogating both the natural and social worlds. William Farr used them to study cholera; Florence Nightingale deployed them in campaigns for sanitary improvement; Charles Babbage was inspired to design and build his famous calculating engines to process them. The mid-Victorians employed statistics consistently to make the case for liberal reform. In later decades, however, the emergence of the academic discipline of mathematical statistics - statistics as we use them today - became associated with eugenics and a contrary social philosophy. Where earlier statisticians emphasised the unity of mankind, some later practitioners, following Francis Galton, studied variation and difference within and between groups. In chapters on learned societies, government departments, international statistical collaborations, and different Victorian statisticians, Victorians and Numbers traces the impact of numbers on the era and the intriguing relationship of Victorian statistics with 'Big Data' in our own age.

The Challenge of Developing Statistical Literacy, Reasoning and Thinking

Dani Ben-Zvi,Joan Garfield
The Challenge of Developing Statistical Literacy Reasoning and Thinking Book PDF

Author : Dani Ben-Zvi,Joan Garfield
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 423 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2006-02-23
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781402022784

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The Challenge of Developing Statistical Literacy, Reasoning and Thinking by Dani Ben-Zvi,Joan Garfield Pdf

Unique in that it collects, presents, and synthesizes cutting edge research on different aspects of statistical reasoning and applies this research to the teaching of statistics to students at all educational levels, this volume will prove of great value to mathematics and statistics education researchers, statistics educators, statisticians, cognitive psychologists, mathematics teachers, mathematics and statistics curriculum developers, and quantitative literacy experts in education and government.

Thicker Than Blood

Tukufu Zuberi
Thicker Than Blood Book PDF

Author : Tukufu Zuberi
Publisher : U of Minnesota Press
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0816639094

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Thicker Than Blood by Tukufu Zuberi Pdf

Tukufu Zuberi offers a concise account of the historical connections between the development of the idea of race and the birth of social statistics. Zuberi describes the ways race-differentiated data is misinterpreted in the social sciences and asks searching questions about the ways racial statistics are used. He argues that statistical analysis can and must be deracialized, and that this deracialization is essential to the goal of achieving social justice for all.

Carbon Democracy

Timothy Mitchell
Carbon Democracy Book PDF

Author : Timothy Mitchell
Publisher : Verso Books
Page : 289 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2013-06-25
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781781681169

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Carbon Democracy by Timothy Mitchell Pdf

“A brilliant, revisionist argument that places oil companies at the heart of 20th century history—and of the political and environmental crises we now face.” —Guardian Oil is a curse, it is often said, that condemns the countries producing it to an existence defined by war, corruption and enormous inequality. Carbon Democracy tells a more complex story, arguing that no nation escapes the political consequences of our collective dependence on oil. It shapes the body politic both in regions such as the Middle East, which rely upon revenues from oil production, and in the places that have the greatest demand for energy. Timothy Mitchell begins with the history of coal power to tell a radical new story about the rise of democracy. Coal was a source of energy so open to disruption that oligarchies in the West became vulnerable for the first time to mass demands for democracy. In the mid-twentieth century, however, the development of cheap and abundant energy from oil, most notably from the Middle East, offered a means to reduce this vulnerability to democratic pressures. The abundance of oil made it possible for the first time in history to reorganize political life around the management of something now called “the economy” and the promise of its infinite growth. The politics of the West became dependent on an undemocratic Middle East. In the twenty-first century, the oil-based forms of modern democratic politics have become unsustainable. Foreign intervention and military rule are faltering in the Middle East, while governments everywhere appear incapable of addressing the crises that threaten to end the age of carbon democracy—the disappearance of cheap energy and the carbon-fuelled collapse of the ecological order. In making the production of energy the central force shaping the democratic age, Carbon Democracy rethinks the history of energy, the politics of nature, the theory of democracy, and the place of the Middle East in our common world.

Governmentality and the Mastery of Territory in Nineteenth-Century America

Matthew G. Hannah
Governmentality and the Mastery of Territory in Nineteenth Century America Book PDF

Author : Matthew G. Hannah
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 266 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2000-09-14
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0521669499

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Governmentality and the Mastery of Territory in Nineteenth-Century America by Matthew G. Hannah Pdf

Hannah demonstrates that the modernization of late nineteenth-century America was a spatial and geographical project.