The Semantic Foundations Of Logic Volume 1 Propositional Logics

Author : R.L. Epstein
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 403 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2013-11-11
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789400905252

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The Semantic Foundations of Logic Volume 1: Propositional Logics by R.L. Epstein Pdf

This book grew out of my confusion. If logic is objective how can there be so many logics? Is there one right logic, or many right ones? Is there some underlying unity that connects them? What is the significance of the mathematical theorems about logic which I've learned if they have no connection to our everyday reasoning? The answers I propose revolve around the perception that what one pays attention to in reasoning determines which logic is appropriate. The act of abstracting from our reasoning in our usual language is the stepping stone from reasoned argument to logic. We cannot take this step alone, for we reason together: logic is reasoning which has some objective value. For you to understand my answers, or perhaps better, conjectures, I have retraced my steps: from the concrete to the abstract, from examples, to general theory, to further confirming examples, to reflections on the significance of the work.

Author : Richard L. Epstein
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 520 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : UVA:X004196256

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Propositional Logics by Richard L. Epstein Pdf

This book grew out of my confusion. If logic is objective, how can there be so many logics? Is there one right logic, or many right ones? Is there some underlying unity that connects them? What is the significance of the mathematical theorems about logic that I've learned if they have no connection to our everyday reasoning? The answers I propose revolve around the idea that what one pays attention to in reasoning determines which logic is appropriate. The act of abstracting from reasoning in our usual language is the stepping-stone from reasoned argument to logic. We cannot take this step alone, for we reason together: logic is reasoning that has some objective value.

Author : R.L. Epstein
Publisher : Springer
Page : 388 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2014-03-14
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9400905262

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The Semantic Foundations of Logic Volume 1: Propositional Logics by R.L. Epstein Pdf

This book grew out of my confusion. If logic is objective how can there be so many logics? Is there one right logic, or many right ones? Is there some underlying unity that connects them? What is the significance of the mathematical theorems about logic which I've learned if they have no connection to our everyday reasoning? The answers I propose revolve around the perception that what one pays attention to in reasoning determines which logic is appropriate. The act of abstracting from our reasoning in our usual language is the stepping stone from reasoned argument to logic. We cannot take this step alone, for we reason together: logic is reasoning which has some objective value. For you to understand my answers, or perhaps better, conjectures, I have retraced my steps: from the concrete to the abstract, from examples, to general theory, to further confirming examples, to reflections on the significance of the work.

Author : Richard L. Epstein
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 510 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2012-06-01
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 0983452164

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Propositional Logics by Richard L. Epstein Pdf

Propositional Logics presents the history, philosophy, and mathematics of the major systems of propositional logic. Classical logic, modal logics, many-valued logics, intuitionism, paraconsistent logics, and dependent implication are examined in separate chapters. Each begins with a motivation in the originators' own terms, followed by the standard formal semantics, syntax, and completeness theorem. The chapters on the various logics are largely self-contained so that the book can be used as a reference. An appendix summarizes the formal semantics and axiomatizations of the logics. The view that unifies the exposition is that propositional logics comprise a spectrum. As the aspect of propositions under consideration varies, the logic varies. Each logic is shown to fall naturally within a general framework for semantics. A theory of translations between logics is presented that allows for further comparisons, and necessary conditions are given for a translation to preserve meaning. For this third edition the material has been re-organized to make the text easier to study, and a new section on paraconsistent logics with simple semantics has been added which challenges standard views on the nature of consequence relations. The text includes worked examples and hundreds of exercises, from routine to open problems, making the book with its clear and careful exposition ideal for courses or individual study.

Author : Richard L. Epstein
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 520 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : French language
ISBN : PSU:000025314236

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The Semantic Foundations of Logic by Richard L. Epstein Pdf

Author : Richard L. Epstein
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 545 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2011-12-18
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781400841554

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Classical Mathematical Logic by Richard L. Epstein Pdf

In Classical Mathematical Logic, Richard L. Epstein relates the systems of mathematical logic to their original motivations to formalize reasoning in mathematics. The book also shows how mathematical logic can be used to formalize particular systems of mathematics. It sets out the formalization not only of arithmetic, but also of group theory, field theory, and linear orderings. These lead to the formalization of the real numbers and Euclidean plane geometry. The scope and limitations of modern logic are made clear in these formalizations. The book provides detailed explanations of all proofs and the insights behind the proofs, as well as detailed and nontrivial examples and problems. The book has more than 550 exercises. It can be used in advanced undergraduate or graduate courses and for self-study and reference. Classical Mathematical Logic presents a unified treatment of material that until now has been available only by consulting many different books and research articles, written with various notation systems and axiomatizations.

Author : Richard L Epstein
Publisher : Advanced Reasoning Forum
Page : 429 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2018-11-05
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780983452195

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Predicate Logic by Richard L Epstein Pdf

The forms and scope of logic rest on assumptions of how language and reasoning connect to experience. In this volume an analysis of meaning and truth provides a foundation for studying modern propositional and predicate logics. Chapters on propositional logic, parsing propositions, and meaning, truth, and reference give a basis for criteria that can be used to judge formalizations of ordinary language arguments. Over 120 worked examples of formalizations of propositions and arguments illustrate the scope and limitations of modern logic, as analyzed in chapters on identity, quantifiers, descriptive names, functions, and second-order logic. The chapter on second-order logic illustrates how different conceptions of predicates and propositions do not lead to a common basis for quantification over predicates, as they do for quantification over things. Notable for its clarity of presentation, and supplemented by many exercises, this volume is suitable for philosophers, linguists, mathematicians, and computer scientists who wish to better understand the tools they use in formalizing reasoning.

Author : Richard L. Epstein
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2012-05-01
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0938452185

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Predicate Logic by Richard L. Epstein Pdf

Author : Richard L Epstein
Publisher : Advanced Reasoning Forum
Page : 509 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2018-11-05
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780983452171

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Propositional Logics 3rd edition by Richard L Epstein Pdf

This book presents the history, philosophy, and mathematics of the major systems of propositional logic. Classical logic, modal logics, many-valued logics, intuitionism, paraconsistent logics, and dependent implication are examined in separate chapters. Each begins with a motivation in the originators' own terms, followed by the standard formal semantics, syntax, and completeness theorem. The chapters on the various logics are largely self-contained so that the book can be used as a reference. An appendix summarizes the formal semantics and axiomatizations of the logics. The view that unifies the exposition is that propositional logics comprise a spectrum: as the aspect of propositions under consideration varies, the logic varies. Each logic is shown to fall naturally within a general framework for semantics. A theory of translations between logics is presented that allows for further comparisons, and necessary conditions are given for a translation to preserve meaning. For this third edition the material has been re-organized to make the text easier to study, and a new section on paraconsistent logics with simple semantics has been added which challenges standard views on the nature of consequence relations. The text includes worked examples and hundreds of exercises, from routine to open problems, making the book with its clear and careful exposition ideal for courses or individual study.

Author : Alessandro Giordani,Jacek Malinowski
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 245 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2020-11-19
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783030534875

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Logic in High Definition by Alessandro Giordani,Jacek Malinowski Pdf

This volume clusters together issues centered upon the variety of types of intensional semantics. Consisting of 10 contributions, the volume is based on papers presented at the Trends in Logic 2019 conference. The various chapters introduce readers to the topic, or apply new types of logical semantics to elucidate subtleties of logical systems and natural language semantics. The book introduces hyperintentional systems that aim at solving some open philosophical problems. Specifically, the first three studies focus on relating semantics, while the following ones discuss fundamental issues related to hyper-intensional semantics or develop hyper-intensional frameworks to address issues in modal, epistemic, deontic and action logic. Authors in this volume present original results on logical systems but also extend beyond this by offering philosophical considerations on the topic as well. This volume will appeal to students and researchers in the field of logic.

Author : Cornelis Joost van Rijsbergen,Fabio Crestani,Mounia Lalmas
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781461556176

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Information Retrieval: Uncertainty and Logics by Cornelis Joost van Rijsbergen,Fabio Crestani,Mounia Lalmas Pdf

In recent years, there have been several attempts to define a logic for information retrieval (IR). The aim was to provide a rich and uniform representation of information and its semantics with the goal of improving retrieval effectiveness. The basis of a logical model for IR is the assumption that queries and documents can be represented effectively by logical formulae. To retrieve a document, an IR system has to infer the formula representing the query from the formula representing the document. This logical interpretation of query and document emphasizes that relevance in IR is an inference process. The use of logic to build IR models enables one to obtain models that are more general than earlier well-known IR models. Indeed, some logical models are able to represent within a uniform framework various features of IR systems such as hypermedia links, multimedia data, and user's knowledge. Logic also provides a common approach to the integration of IR systems with logical database systems. Finally, logic makes it possible to reason about an IR model and its properties. This latter possibility is becoming increasingly more important since conventional evaluation methods, although good indicators of the effectiveness of IR systems, often give results which cannot be predicted, or for that matter satisfactorily explained. However, logic by itself cannot fully model IR. The success or the failure of the inference of the query formula from the document formula is not enough to model relevance in IR. It is necessary to take into account the uncertainty inherent in such an inference process. In 1986, Van Rijsbergen proposed the uncertainty logical principle to model relevance as an uncertain inference process. When proposing the principle, Van Rijsbergen was not specific about which logic and which uncertainty theory to use. As a consequence, various logics and uncertainty theories have been proposed and investigated. The choice of an appropriate logic and uncertainty mechanism has been a main research theme in logical IR modeling leading to a number of logical IR models over the years. Information Retrieval: Uncertainty and Logics contains a collection of exciting papers proposing, developing and implementing logical IR models. This book is appropriate for use as a text for a graduate-level course on Information Retrieval or Database Systems, and as a reference for researchers and practitioners in industry.

Author : L. T. F. Gamut
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 6 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0226280845

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Logic, Language, and Meaning, Volume 1 by L. T. F. Gamut Pdf

Although the two volumes of Logic, Language, and Meaning can be used independently of one another, together they provide a comprehensive overview of modern logic as it is used as a tool in the analysis of natural language. Both volumes provide exercises and their solutions. Volume 1, Introduction to Logic, begins with a historical overview and then offers a thorough introduction to standard propositional and first-order predicate logic. It provides both a syntactic and a semantic approach to inference and validity, and discusses their relationship. Although language and meaning receive special attention, this introduction is also accessible to those with a more general interest in logic. In addition, the volume contains a survey of such topics as definite descriptions, restricted quantification, second-order logic, and many-valued logic. The pragmatic approach to non-truthconditional and conventional implicatures are also discussed. Finally, the relation between logic and formal syntax is treated, and the notions of rewrite rule, automation, grammatical complexity, and language hierarchy are explained.

Author : Eric Schechter
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 520 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2020-10-06
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780691220147

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Classical and Nonclassical Logics by Eric Schechter Pdf

So-called classical logic--the logic developed in the early twentieth century by Gottlob Frege, Bertrand Russell, and others--is computationally the simplest of the major logics, and it is adequate for the needs of most mathematicians. But it is just one of the many kinds of reasoning in everyday thought. Consequently, when presented by itself--as in most introductory texts on logic--it seems arbitrary and unnatural to students new to the subject. In Classical and Nonclassical Logics, Eric Schechter introduces classical logic alongside constructive, relevant, comparative, and other nonclassical logics. Such logics have been investigated for decades in research journals and advanced books, but this is the first textbook to make this subject accessible to beginners. While presenting an assortment of logics separately, it also conveys the deeper ideas (such as derivations and soundness) that apply to all logics. The book leads up to proofs of the Disjunction Property of constructive logic and completeness for several logics. The book begins with brief introductions to informal set theory and general topology, and avoids advanced algebra; thus it is self-contained and suitable for readers with little background in mathematics. It is intended primarily for undergraduate students with no previous experience of formal logic, but advanced students as well as researchers will also profit from this book.

Author : Gabriele M. Mras,Paul Weingartner,Bernhard Ritter
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 559 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2019-11-18
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783110657883

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Philosophy of Logic and Mathematics by Gabriele M. Mras,Paul Weingartner,Bernhard Ritter Pdf

This volume presents different conceptions of logic and mathematics and discuss their philosophical foundations and consequences. This concerns first of all topics of Wittgenstein's ideas on logic and mathematics; questions about the structural complexity of propositions; the more recent debate about Neo-Logicism and Neo-Fregeanism; the comparison and translatability of different logics; the foundations of mathematics: intuitionism, mathematical realism, and formalism. The contributing authors are Matthias Baaz, Francesco Berto, Jean-Yves Beziau, Elena Dragalina-Chernya, Günther Eder, Susan Edwards-McKie, Oliver Feldmann, Juliet Floyd, Norbert Gratzl, Richard Heinrich, Janusz Kaczmarek, Wolfgang Kienzler, Timm Lampert, Itala Maria Loffredo D'Ottaviano, Paolo Mancosu, Matthieu Marion, Felix Mühlhölzer, Charles Parsons, Edi Pavlovic, Christoph Pfisterer, Michael Potter, Richard Raatzsch, Esther Ramharter, Stefan Riegelnik, Gabriel Sandu, Georg Schiemer, Gerhard Schurz, Dana Scott, Stewart Shapiro, Karl Sigmund, William W. Tait, Mark van Atten, Maria van der Schaar, Vladimir Vasyukov, Jan von Plato, Jan Woleński and Richard Zach.

Author : Dov M. Gabbay,Franz Guenthner
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 321 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2011-02-01
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789400704794

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Handbook of Philosophical Logic by Dov M. Gabbay,Franz Guenthner Pdf

Belief Revision Refutation and systems in Propositional Logic. A Quantifier Scope in Formal Linguistics and Non-deterministic Semantics for Logical Systems.