The Spanish Flu Epidemic And Its Influence On History
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The Spanish Flu Epidemic and Its Influence on History by Jaime Breitnauer Pdf
A look at the 1918 influenza pandemic from its outbreak to its effects on the global population and its legacy. On the second Monday of March, 1918, the world changed forever. What seemed like a harmless cold morphed into a global pandemic that would wipe out as many as a hundred-million people—ten times as many as the Great War. German troops faltered, lending the allies the winning advantage, and India turned its sights to independence while South Africa turned to God. In Western Samoa, a quarter of the population died; in some parts of Alaska, whole villages were wiped out. Civil unrest sparked by influenza shaped nations and heralded a new era of public health where people were no longer blamed for contracting disease. Using real case histories, we take a journey through the world in 1918, and look at the impact of Spanish flu on populations from America to France and the Arctic, and at the scientific legacy this deadly virus has left behind. “Breitnauer puts the whole thing into perspective with a fascinating account of the origin and extent of the outbreak, at a time when people were returning from the conflict expecting a brave new world and instead confronting one of the deadliest epidemics ever to hit mankind.” —Books Monthly (UK)
Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Microbial Threats
Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Microbial Threats Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 431 pages File Size : 44,8 Mb Release : 2005-04-09 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309095044
The Threat of Pandemic Influenza by Institute of Medicine,Board on Global Health,Forum on Microbial Threats Pdf
Public health officials and organizations around the world remain on high alert because of increasing concerns about the prospect of an influenza pandemic, which many experts believe to be inevitable. Moreover, recent problems with the availability and strain-specificity of vaccine for annual flu epidemics in some countries and the rise of pandemic strains of avian flu in disparate geographic regions have alarmed experts about the world's ability to prevent or contain a human pandemic. The workshop summary, The Threat of Pandemic Influenza: Are We Ready? addresses these urgent concerns. The report describes what steps the United States and other countries have taken thus far to prepare for the next outbreak of "killer flu." It also looks at gaps in readiness, including hospitals' inability to absorb a surge of patients and many nations' incapacity to monitor and detect flu outbreaks. The report points to the need for international agreements to share flu vaccine and antiviral stockpiles to ensure that the 88 percent of nations that cannot manufacture or stockpile these products have access to them. It chronicles the toll of the H5N1 strain of avian flu currently circulating among poultry in many parts of Asia, which now accounts for the culling of millions of birds and the death of at least 50 persons. And it compares the costs of preparations with the costs of illness and death that could arise during an outbreak.
The Spanish Influenza Pandemic of 1918-1919 by David Killingray,Howard Phillips Pdf
The Spanish Influenza pandemic of 1918-19 was the worst pandemic of modern times, claiming over 30 million lives in less than six months. In the hardest hit societies, everything else was put aside in a bid to cope with its ravages. It left millions orphaned and medical science desperate to find its cause. Despite the magnitude of its impact, few scholarly attempts have been made to examine this calamity in its many-sided complexity. On a global, multidisciplinary scale, the book seeks to apply the insights of a wide range of social and medical sciences to an investigation of the pandemic. Topics covered include the historiography of the pandemic, its virology, the enormous demographic impact, the medical and governmental responses it elicited, and its long-term effects, particularly the recent attempts to identify the precise causative virus from specimens taken from flu victims in 1918, or victims buried in the Arctic permafrost at that time.
Veteran journalist Gina Kolata's Flu: The Story of the Great Influenza Pandemic of 1918 and the Search for the Virus That Caused It presents a fascinating look at true story of the world's deadliest disease. In 1918, the Great Flu Epidemic felled the young and healthy virtually overnight. An estimated forty million people died as the epidemic raged. Children were left orphaned and families were devastated. As many American soldiers were killed by the 1918 flu as were killed in battle during World War I. And no area of the globe was safe. Eskimos living in remote outposts in the frozen tundra were sickened and killed by the flu in such numbers that entire villages were wiped out. Scientists have recently rediscovered shards of the flu virus frozen in Alaska and preserved in scraps of tissue in a government warehouse. Gina Kolata, an acclaimed reporter for The New York Times, unravels the mystery of this lethal virus with the high drama of a great adventure story. Delving into the history of the flu and previous epidemics, detailing the science and the latest understanding of this mortal disease, Kolata addresses the prospects for a great epidemic recurring, and, most important, what can be done to prevent it.
America's Forgotten Pandemic by Alfred W. Crosby Pdf
Between August 1918 and March 1919 the Spanish influenza spread worldwide, claiming over 25 million lives - more people than perished in the fighting of the First World War. It proved fatal to at least a half-million Americans. Yet, the Spanish flu pandemic is largely forgotten today. In this vivid narrative, Alfred W. Crosby recounts the course of the pandemic during the panic-stricken months of 1918 and 1919, measures its impact on American society, and probes the curious loss of national memory of this cataclysmic event. This 2003 edition includes a preface discussing the then recent outbreaks of diseases, including the Asian flu and the SARS epidemic.
#1 New York Times bestseller “Barry will teach you almost everything you need to know about one of the deadliest outbreaks in human history.”—Bill Gates "Monumental... an authoritative and disturbing morality tale."—Chicago Tribune The strongest weapon against pandemic is the truth. Read why in the definitive account of the 1918 Flu Epidemic. Magisterial in its breadth of perspective and depth of research, The Great Influenza provides us with a precise and sobering model as we confront the epidemics looming on our own horizon. As Barry concludes, "The final lesson of 1918, a simple one yet one most difficult to execute, is that...those in authority must retain the public's trust. The way to do that is to distort nothing, to put the best face on nothing, to try to manipulate no one. Lincoln said that first, and best. A leader must make whatever horror exists concrete. Only then will people be able to break it apart." At the height of World War I, history’s most lethal influenza virus erupted in an army camp in Kansas, moved east with American troops, then exploded, killing as many as 100 million people worldwide. It killed more people in twenty-four months than AIDS killed in twenty-four years, more in a year than the Black Death killed in a century. But this was not the Middle Ages, and 1918 marked the first collision of science and epidemic disease.
Read the devastating story of the Spanish flu - the twentieth century's greatest killer – and discover what it can teach us about the current Covid-19 pandemic. 'Both a saga of tragedies and a detective story... Pale Rider is not just an excavation but a reimagining of the past' Guardian With a death toll of between 50 and 100 million people and a global reach, the Spanish flu of 1918–1920 was the greatest human disaster, not only of the twentieth century, but possibly in all of recorded history. And yet, in our popular conception it exists largely as a footnote to World War I. In Pale Rider, Laura Spinney recounts the story of an overlooked pandemic, tracing it from Alaska to Brazil, from Persia to Spain, and from South Africa to Odessa. She shows how the pandemic was shaped by the interaction of a virus and the humans it encountered; and how this devastating natural experiment put both the ingenuity and the vulnerability of humans to the test. Laura Spinney demonstrates that the Spanish flu was as significant – if not more so – as two world wars in shaping the modern world; in disrupting, and often permanently altering, global politics, race relations, family structures, and thinking across medicine, religion and the arts. ‘Weaves together global history and medical science to great effect ... Riveting.’ Sunday Times
The 1918 Spanish Flu Pandemic by Charles River Editors Pdf
*Includes pictures *Includes accounts of the pandemic from doctors and survivors *Includes a bibliography for further reading "One of the startling features of the pandemic was its sudden flaring up and its equally sudden decline, reminding one of a flame consuming highly combustible material, which died down as soon as the supply of the material was exhausted. There is every reason to believe that, within a few weeks of its onset, the infection was universally present in the nose and throat of the people, disseminated by mouth spray given off on talking by innumerable carriers and, in addition, by the coughing and sneezing of the sick. Susceptibility was very general, though it varied greatly in degree. Among those who escaped well marked sickness there are few who could not recall having had an occluded or running nose, or a raw feeling in the throat, or a cough, or aches and pains, at some time during the period of the prevalence of the disease, these probably representing the price such persons paid for their immunization." - Dr. Bernard Fantus In many ways, it is hard for modern people living in First World countries to conceive of a pandemic sweeping around the world and killing millions of people, and it is even harder to believe that something as common as influenza could cause such widespread illness and death. Although the flu still takes hundreds of lives each year, most of those lost are very young or old or ill with something else that had already weakened them. In fact, most people contract influenza at least once, and many suffer from the flu several times in their lives and survive it with a minimum amount of medical attention. In 1918, the world was still in the throes of the Great War, the deadliest conflict in human history at that point, but while World War I would be a catastrophic war surpassed only by World War II, an unprecedented influenza outbreak that same year inflicted casualties that would make both wars pale in comparison. An illness, or more likely a collection of illnesses, Spanish influenza quickly spread across the world and may have killed upwards of 100 million people, decimating populations across developed nations and possibly wiping out as much as 5% of the world's population. If anything, the ongoing war and the censorship maintained by the countries fighting it may have resulted in the actual toll of the outbreak being underestimated based on the way soldiers' deaths were categorized. World War I may have distracted people about the unprecedented nature of the outbreak, but the most alarming aspect of the outbreak in 1918 was the indiscriminate nature in which the scourge attacked young and old, healthy and unhealthy, and rich and poor alike. In fact, the popular name for the outbreak was a reference to the fact that Spain's own king was stricken with the disease. While he and President Woodrow Wilson ended up surviving it, former First Lady Rose Cleveland did not. The staggering number of fatalities, and the way in which seemingly anybody could suffer during the outbreak, taught people in the early 20th century that regardless of the tremendous strides made by technology, and no matter how stalemated the war was, nobody was safe from nature itself. Of course, it also demonstrated how much more work could be done to prevent similar occurrences. The 1918 pandemic was neither the first nor the last outbreak of the flu, but it was by far the worst, and it forever changed the face of medicine and public health care in both North America and Europe. The 1918 Spanish Flu Pandemic: The History and Legacy of the World's Deadliest Outbreak chronicles the devastating disease and the damage it wrought across the globe. Along with pictures and a bibliography, you will learn about the 1918 flu outbreak like never before, in no time at all.
When we look back, the era may seem picturesque and even attractive. In the Western world, for example, it was a time of horse-drawn carriages, top hats, and long, long skirts. But it was also a terrible moment when death was going on around the world. What was the cause? It was not the war, although the war had reached its climax. No, we're talking about another scourge that has been called the most destructive in human history: the Spanish flu, or 1918-19 flu. In this gripping narrative, Wesley Hulk traces the overlooked pandemic to reveal how the virus traveled across the globe, exposing mankind's vulnerability and putting our ingenuity to the test. As socially significant as both world wars, the Spanish flu dramatically disrupted and often permanently altered global politics, race relations, and family structures, while spurring innovation in medicine, religion, and the arts. The victims died en masse as there was no effective treatment or cure. Millions of healthy adolescents were suddenly shot down during their most productive time in life. The bodies piled up faster than they could be buried. In some places, entire cities and villages have been wiped out. All of this happened about one hundred years ago. Do we know what caused this disease? Could such an accident happen again? If so, could we protect ourselves? These questions and more are addressed in this book.
What if we could finally shed light on the 1918 Spanish Flu, the influenza that killed more people in twenty-four months than AIDS killed in twenty-four years, more in a year than the Black Death killed in a century? 1918 marked the first collision of science and epidemic disease and some aspects still not clarified. The Spanish Flu pandemic of 1918 was the deadliest pandemic in history. The 1918 flu was first observed in Europe, the United States and parts of Asia before swiftly spreading around the world. The virus H1N1 infected an estimated 500 million people worldwide, which at that time was about one-third of the planet's population, and killed an estimated 20 million to 50 million victims, including 675,000 Americans, because at the time, there were no effective drugs or vaccines to treat this killer flu strain. Children were left orphaned and families were devastated. As many American soldiers were killed by the 1918 flu as were killed in battle during World War I. And no area of the globe was safe. "The "Spanish" influenza pandemic of 1918-1919, which caused approximately 50 million deaths worldwide, remains an ominous warning to public health. Many questions about its origins, its unusual epidemiologic features, and the basis of its pathogenicity remain unanswered. [...] Understanding the 1918 pandemic and its implications for future pandemics requires careful experimentation and in-depth historical analysis." - PubMed "1918 Spanish Flu: Causes, facts and numbers of the deadliest ever world influenza Pandemic" by Sean Locke will try to finally shed light on the deadliest pandemic of human history thanks to reliable data and statistics. Here is what you are going to find inside of "1918 Spanish Flu": The question of the place of origin and the time of origin Reliable data and statistics The structure surrounding the spread of influenza Lesson learnt from 1918 Spanish Flu Pandemic: world impact and economic consequences Differences between other pandemics ...and much, much more! Scroll up and add to cart "1918 Spanish Flu" by Sean Locke! About the author: Sean Locke was born in 1976 in Tampa, Florida. He love history since he was only 9 years old as this was his favorite subject. Has always had top marks in history, but he is always been also good in science and scientific subjects in general. Sean Locke's passion for history remained for his whole life even if he decided to follow a medical biotechnology career. In the last years Sean started gathering information about some viruses he had to study as a biotechnologist, including H1N1 virus, responsible of the spread of Spanish Flu in 1918. Sean Locke's passion for history pushed him to also gathering information about historical and economic consequences of the spread of this influenza. The result of his researches were collected in a book, "1918 Spanish Flu", which tries to shed light on the not clarified aspects of the pandemic. Sean Locke's book is clear and easy to understand even if it contains specific and scientific explanations, everybody can read it without difficulties. Scroll up and add to cart "1918 Spanish Flu" by Sean Locke!
The Spanish Influenza pandemic is the most lethal pandemics of the Modern Age. The number of deaths that it produced throughout the world has been estimated at 21.5 million and 39.3 million. The book explores its consequences and the reactions of the world towards the deadliest plague the world has ever known. It delves into the history of the pandemic, noting its socio-economic effects. Imagine the gripping truth that you are about to discover in this collection of tragic true life story of the realitees of the people who lived in the early life. Imagine the stunning reality of death and the cruelity of the Spanish virus. This book unravels the brokenness of life and how the distortion of families came to play. In this book, you will learn: The epic story of the Spanish Flu 1918 Why and how the pandemic started Why led to the name "Spanish Flu" Various symptoms of the flu The reactions of the government and people towards the outbreak (Authoritative measures taken to curb the virus, the people's adoptive preventative measures) The socio-economic consequences of the pandemic Its impact on the American socio-economy The mortality effect of the pandemic in the united states Various factors associated with influenza mortality variations in 1918 (Age, Immunopathology, Humoral Immune Response, Cellular Immune Response, Malnutrition, etc.) Possible vaccines considerations against the flu Historical lessons from the outbreak Why several other future pandemics may occur Spanish Flu 1918 is an interesting book to study, not only because of its rich historical magnitude, but also because it offers much knowledge (about the Spanish flu 1918) and acts as an insight into how any future-possible pandemic can be curbed. It is a must-have book. Inside you will also find several illustrative images Remember, history must be studied to prevent past mistakes WHAT ARE YOU WAITING FOR? PURCHASE THIS BOOK NOW
From National Book Award finalist Albert Marrin comes a fascinating look at the history and science of the deadly 1918 flu pandemic--and its chilling and timely resemblance to the worldwide coronavirus outbreak. In spring of 1918, World War I was underway, and troops at Fort Riley, Kansas, found themselves felled by influenza. By the summer of 1918, the second wave struck as a highly contagious and lethal epidemic and within weeks exploded into a pandemic, an illness that travels rapidly from one continent to another. It would impact the course of the war, and kill many millions more soldiers than warfare itself. Of all diseases, the 1918 flu was by far the worst that has ever afflicted humankind; not even the Black Death of the Middle Ages comes close in terms of the number of lives it took. No war, no natural disaster, no famine has claimed so many. In the space of eighteen months in 1918-1919, about 500 million people--one-third of the global population at the time--came down with influenza. The exact total of lives lost will never be known, but the best estimate is between 50 and 100 million. In this powerful book, filled with black and white photographs, nonfiction master Albert Marrin examines the history, science, and impact of this great scourge--and the possibility for another worldwide pandemic today. A Chicago Public Library Best Book of the Year!
What can we learn from the past pandemics? Do you want to know more about the Spanish Influenza? The pandemic had nearly similar causes to influenza; we are now fighting because of the reality that the H1N1 epidemic triggered Spanish flu from animals. The pandemic has catastrophic effects and the overall mortality reported is greater than SARS, HIV, Black Death, and Ebola. The History and Legacy of the Worst Global Pandemics charts the history of the diseases, including the Spanish Flu, and more, and how they shaped subsequent events, bringing down nations while inadvertently lifting others. The weapon against pandemic is the truth. Read why in the account of the Spanish Influenza. With a death toll of between 50 and 100 million people, the Spanish flu of 1918-1920 was the greatest human disaster, not only of the twentieth century, but possibly in all of recorded history. And yet, in our popular conception it exists largely as a footnote to World War I. In this book you will learn and know the story of one of the worst pandemics of all time which can help you better understand the present and future of human diseases, why pandemics happen, how they happen, and how to prevent them. This book covers the following topics: Why was it called the Spanish flu? What caused the Spanish flu? What advice were people given? Influenza pandemics in comparison The global impact of the largest influenza pandemic The Famous People Who Survived The silence of the press ...and much more!!! However, you may click the buy button to know more a lot what happened in the past ! You must know all of this! Ready to get started? Click "Buy Now"!
The 1918 Spanish flu epidemic is now widely recognized as the most devastating disease outbreak in recorded history. This cultural history reconstructs Spaniards' experience of the flu and traces the emergence of various competing narratives that arose in response to bacteriology's failure to explain and contain the disease's spread.
The 1918 "Spanish flu " was an infectious epidemic with a high level of contagion capacity, with an explosive eruption in the world, and which developed in three stages or waves. The first arrived in Spain in the spring and, despite its rapid expansion in the cities, particularly in Madrid, it showed a deceptive benign character. The second wave reached the rural world as of September, producing a real devastation in towns with little preparation or means with which to face such a virulent epidemic. The Spanish Levante, the Castilian plateau and the north, were the scenes of a very high mortality rate among a population in a state of panic and fear. The third wave only increased mortality, albeit more slowly, since early 1919. This book measures an in depth evaluation of 1918 Spanish flu, it's the deadliest in the world, affecting every living creature, including the world economy, having various mental and psychological effects on people who witnessed it. Inside this book, you will learn: ✓ The whole history of the Spanish flu, dated and historical. ✓ The beginning of the flu, how and why it happened. ✓ The reason why it's called the Spanish flu ✓ The symptoms of the flu ✓ The second and third waves of the flu and it's socio economic effects ✓ Various trials and invention of cures ✓ Different measures taken by the government and scientist to lower it's spread and to curb the virus ✓ Social Effects of the pandemic to the world ✓ Psychological effects of the flu to every inhabitants ✓ The effects of the flu towards the government and the economy ✓ Experiences and historical lesson from the flu against futuristic pandemic. This book is a fundamental approach, it detailed the whole historical facts, happenings and different measures taken by several scientist, trying to curb it's outbreak, with dates, when, how, why, and different issues been approached. In the book, you will also learn about the economical, psychological and social effects the outbreak had in the United States and other countries too. Much can't be said here, why wait?.. PURCHASE this book NOW!!
