The Species Problem

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The Species Problem

Richard A. Richards
The Species Problem Book PDF

Author : Richard A. Richards
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 247 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2010-07-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781139488297

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The Species Problem by Richard A. Richards Pdf

There is long-standing disagreement among systematists about how to divide biodiversity into species. Over twenty different species concepts are used to group organisms, according to criteria as diverse as morphological or molecular similarity, interbreeding and genealogical relationships. This, combined with the implications of evolutionary biology, raises the worry that either there is no single kind of species, or that species are not real. This book surveys the history of thinking about species from Aristotle to modern systematics in order to understand the origin of the problem, and advocates a solution based on the idea of the division of conceptual labor, whereby species concepts function in different ways - theoretically and operationally. It also considers related topics such as individuality and the metaphysics of evolution, and how scientific terms get their meaning. This important addition to the current debate will be essential for philosophers and historians of science, and for biologists.

The Species Problem

David N. Stamos
The Species Problem Book PDF

Author : David N. Stamos
Publisher : Lexington Books
Page : 389 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2003-03-17
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780739161180

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The Species Problem by David N. Stamos Pdf

Stamos squarely confronts the problem of determining what a biological species is, whether species are real, and the nature of their reality. He critically considers the evolution of the major contemporary views of species and also offers his own solution to the species problem.

The Species Problem

Igor Pavlinov
The Species Problem Book PDF

Author : Igor Pavlinov
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 293 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2013-02-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789535109570

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The Species Problem by Igor Pavlinov Pdf

The book includes collection of theoretical papers dealing with the species problem, which is among most fundamental issues in biology. The principal topics are: consideration of the species problem from the standpoint of modern non-classical science paradigm, with emphasis on its conceptual status presuming its analysis within certain conceptual framework; evolutionary emergence of the species as discrete unit of certain level of generality; epistemological consideration of the species as a particular explanatory hypotheses, with respective revised concepts of biodiversity and conservation; considerations of evolutionary and phylogenomic species concepts as candidates for the universal one; re-appraisal of the biological species concept based on the "friend-foe" recognition system; species delimitation approach using multi-locus coalescent-based method; a re-consideration of the Darwin's species concept.

The Species Problem

Igor Pavlinov
The Species Problem Book PDF

Author : Igor Pavlinov
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 293 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2013-02-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789535109570

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The Species Problem by Igor Pavlinov Pdf

The book includes collection of theoretical papers dealing with the species problem, which is among most fundamental issues in biology. The principal topics are: consideration of the species problem from the standpoint of modern non-classical science paradigm, with emphasis on its conceptual status presuming its analysis within certain conceptual framework; evolutionary emergence of the species as discrete unit of certain level of generality; epistemological consideration of the species as a particular explanatory hypotheses, with respective revised concepts of biodiversity and conservation; considerations of evolutionary and phylogenomic species concepts as candidates for the universal one; re-appraisal of the biological species concept based on the "friend-foe" recognition system; species delimitation approach using multi-locus coalescent-based method; a re-consideration of the Darwin's species concept.

Species Concepts in Biology

Frank E. Zachos
Species Concepts in Biology Book PDF

Author : Frank E. Zachos
Publisher : Springer
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2016-10-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319449661

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Species Concepts in Biology by Frank E. Zachos Pdf

Frank E. Zachos offers a comprehensive review of one of today’s most important and contentious issues in biology: the species problem. After setting the stage with key background information on the topic, the book provides a brief history of species concepts from antiquity to the Modern Synthesis, followed by a discussion of the ontological status of species with a focus on the individuality thesis and potential means of reconciling it with other philosophical approaches. More than 30 different species concepts found in the literature are presented in an annotated list, and the most important ones, including the Biological, Genetic, Evolutionary and different versions of the Phylogenetic Species Concept, are discussed in more detail. Specific questions addressed include the problem of asexual and prokaryotic species, intraspecific categories like subspecies and Evolutionarily Significant Units, and a potential solution to the species problem based on a hierarchical approach that distinguishes between ontological and operational species concepts. A full chapter is dedicated to the challenge of delimiting species by means of a discrete taxonomy in a continuous world of inherently fuzzy boundaries. Further, the book outlines the practical ramifications for ecology and evolutionary biology of how we define the species category, highlighting the danger of an apples and oranges problem if what we subsume under the same name (“species”) is in actuality a variety of different entities. A succinct summary chapter, glossary and annotated list of references round out the coverage, making the book essential reading for all biologists looking for an accessible introduction to the historical, philosophical and practical dimensions of the species problem.

Genes, Categories, and Species

Jody Hey
Genes Categories and Species Book PDF

Author : Jody Hey
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 248 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2001-07-19
Category : Science
ISBN : 0195349318

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Genes, Categories, and Species by Jody Hey Pdf

In Genes, Categories and Species, Jody Hey provides an enlightening new solution to one of biology's most ironic and perplexing puzzles. When Darwin showed that life evolves, and that it does so by natural selection, he transformed our understanding of living things. But the very question Darwin addressed-the nature of species-continues to pose an awkward conundrum for biologists. Despite enormous efforts by a great many scholars, biologists still cannot agree on how to identify species or even how to define the word "species." Genes, Categories, and Species is not like other books on the species problem, for it does not begin by asking, "What is a species?" Instead, it focuses on the very fact that biologists are stumped by species and their curious behavior in coping with that uncertainty. Faced with a persistent conundrum-and no lack of data on the subject-biologists who ponder the species problem have ceased to ask the most essential of scientific questions: "What new information do we need to resolve the problem?" This is the question that motivates this book and leads to the discoveries it reveals. The answer to the species problem lies not with the processes and patterns of biological diversity, Hey contends, but rather in the way the human mind perceives and categorizes that diversity. The promise of this book is twofold. First, it allows biologists to understand the causes of the species problem and to use this knowledge to avoid the major confusions that arise over species. Second, with its explanation of the species problem, it gives scholars and students of human nature a humbling example of how ill-suited the human mind is for certain kinds of scientific questions.

Species Problems and Beyond

John S. Wilkins,Frank E. Zachos,Igor Ya. Pavlinov
Species Problems and Beyond Book PDF

Author : John S. Wilkins,Frank E. Zachos,Igor Ya. Pavlinov
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 383 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2022-06-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781000549799

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Species Problems and Beyond by John S. Wilkins,Frank E. Zachos,Igor Ya. Pavlinov Pdf

Species Problems and Beyond offers a collection of up-to-date essays discussing from an interdisciplinary perspective the many ramifications of the ‘Species Problem.’ The authors represent experts in the philosophy of biology, in species-level evolutionary investigations, and in biodiversity studies and conservation. Some of the topics addressed concern the context sensitivity of the term ‘species’; species as individuals, processes, natural kinds, or as ‘operative concepts’; species delimitation in the age of Big (genomic) Data; and taxonomic inflation and its consequences for conservation strategies. The carefully edited volume will be an invaluable resource for philosophers of biology and evolutionary biologists alike. – Olivier Rieppel, Rowe Family Curator of Evolutionary Biology, Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum, USA Species, or ‘the Species Problem’, is a topic in science, in the philosophy of science, and in general philosophy. In fact, it encompasses many aspects of the same problem, and these are dealt with in this volume. Species are often thought of as fundamental units of biological matter to be used in ecology, conservation, classification, and biodiversity. The chapters in this book present opposing views on the current philosophical and conceptual issues of the Species Problem in biology. Divided into four sections, Concepts and Theories, Practice and Methods, Ranks and Trees and Names, and Metaphysics and Epistemologies, the book is authored by biologists, philosophers, and historians, many leaders in their fields. Topics include ontology of species, definitions of both species category and units, species rank, speciation issues, nomenclature, ecology, and species conservation. Species Problems and Beyond aims to clarify the contemporary issues of the Species Problem. It is ideal for use in upper-level seminars and courses in Evolutionary Biology, Philosophy of Science, Philosophy of Biology, Systematics and Taxonomy, and Phylogenetics/Cladistics, and for any scholar in these fields.

Species

John S. Wilkins
Species Book PDF

Author : John S. Wilkins
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2011-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780520271395

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Species by John S. Wilkins Pdf

In this comprehensive work, John S. Wilkins traces the history of the idea of "species" from antiquity to today, providing a new perspective on the relationship between philosophical and biological approaches.--[book cover].

The Species Problem

David N. Stamos
The Species Problem Book PDF

Author : David N. Stamos
Publisher : Lexington Books
Page : 394 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 073910778X

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The Species Problem by David N. Stamos Pdf

In this provocative work, David N. Stamos tackles the problem of determining exactly what a biological species is: in short, whether species are real and the nature of their reality. Although many have written on this topic, The Species Problem is the only comprehensive single-authored book on this central concern of biology. Stamos critically considers the evolution of the three major contemporary views of species: species nominalism, species as classes, and species as individuals. Finally, he develops his own solution to the species problem, a solution aimed at providing a universal species concept worthy of the Modern Synthesis. This book will be of interest to philosophers of biology and of science in general, to historians of biology, and to biologists concerned with one of the most significant (and practical) conceptual issues in their field.

Species Concepts and Phylogenetic Theory

Quentin D. Wheeler,Rudolf Meier
Species Concepts and Phylogenetic Theory Book PDF

Author : Quentin D. Wheeler,Rudolf Meier
Publisher : Columbia University Press
Page : 410 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2000-06-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780231506625

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Species Concepts and Phylogenetic Theory by Quentin D. Wheeler,Rudolf Meier Pdf

No question in theoretical biology has been more perennially controversial or perplexing than "What is a species?" Recent advances in phylogenetic theory have called into question traditional views of species and spawned many concepts that are currently competing for general acceptance. Once the subject of esoteric intellectual exercises, the "species problem" has emerged as a critically important aspect of global environmental concerns. Completion of an inventory of biodiversity, success in conservation, predictive knowledge about life on earth, management of material resources, formulation of scientifically credible public policy and law, and more depend upon our adoption of the "right" species concept. Quentin D. Wheeler and Rudolf Meier present a debate among top systematic biology theorists to consider the strengths and weaknesses of five competing concepts. Debaters include (1) Ernst Mayr (Biological Species Concept), (2) Rudolf Meier and Rainer Willmann (Hennigian species concept), (3) Brent Mishler and Edward Theriot (one version of the Phylogenetic Species Concept), (4) Quentin Wheeler and Norman Platnick (a competing version of the Phylogenetic Species Concept), and (5) E. O. Wiley and Richard Mayden (the Evolutionary Species Concept). Each author or pair of authors contributes three essays to the debate: first, a position paper with an opening argument for their respective concept of species; second, a counterpoint view of the weakness of competing concepts; and, finally, a rebuttal of the attacks made by other authors. This unique and lively debate format makes the comparative advantages and disadvantages of competing species concepts clear and accessible in a single book for the first time, bringing to light numerous controversies in phylogenetic theory, taxonomy, and philosophy of science that are important to a wide audience. Species Concepts and Phylogenetic Theory will meet a need among scientists, conservationists, policy-makers, and students of biology for an explicit, critical evaluation of a large and complex literature on species. An important reference for professionals, the book will prove especially useful in classrooms and discussion groups where students may find a concise, lucid entrée to one of the most complex questions facing science and society.

Species Problem: Issues and Challenges

Shirley Striker
Species Problem Issues and Challenges Book PDF

Author : Shirley Striker
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2015-03-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 1632395746

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Species Problem: Issues and Challenges by Shirley Striker Pdf

An elucidative account regarding the topic of species problem and certain issues as well as challenges related to it have been provided in this book. It is a compilation of theoretical research works regarding the species problem, which is among the most elementary issues in biology. The primary topics covered in this book are: evolutionary emergence of the species as an individual unit of a specific level of generality; consideration of the species problem from the point of view of modern non-conventional science paradigm, with stress on its conceptual status presuming its characterization in the boundaries of specific conceptual framework; a review of the concept of biological species on the basis of the "friend-foe" identification system; considerations of the concepts of phylogenomics and evolution of species as candidates for the universal one; species delimitation approach employing multi-locus coalescent-based technique; epistemological view of the species as a specific explanatory hypotheses; review of species concept proposed by Darwin.

Do Species Exist?

Werner Kunz
Do Species Exist Book PDF

Author : Werner Kunz
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 371 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2013-08-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783527664269

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Do Species Exist? by Werner Kunz Pdf

A readily comprehensible guide for biologists, field taxonomists and interested laymen to one of the oldest problems in biology: the species problem. Written by a geneticist with extensive experience in field taxonomy, this practical book provides the sound scientific background to the problems arising with classifying organisms according to species. It covers the main current theories of specification and gives a number of examples that cannot be explained by any single theory alone.

Unsolved Problems in Ecology

Andrew Dobson,David Tilman,Robert D. Holt
Unsolved Problems in Ecology Book PDF

Author : Andrew Dobson,David Tilman,Robert D. Holt
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 412 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2020-06-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780691199832

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Unsolved Problems in Ecology by Andrew Dobson,David Tilman,Robert D. Holt Pdf

"This volume provides a series of essays on open questions in ecology with the overarching goal being to outline to the most important, most interesting or most fundamental problems in ecology that need to be addressed. The contributions span ecological subfields, from behavioral ecology and population ecology to disease ecology and conservation and range in tone from the technical to more personal meditations on the state of the field. Many of the chapters start or end in moments of genuine curiosity, like one which takes up the question of why the world is green or another which asks what might come of a thought experiment in which we "turn-off" evolution entirely"--

Genes, Categories, and Species

Jody Hey
Genes Categories and Species Book PDF

Author : Jody Hey
Publisher : Oxford University Press on Demand
Page : 236 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780195144772

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Genes, Categories, and Species by Jody Hey Pdf

In Genes, Categories and Species, Jody Hey provides an enlightening new solution to one of biology's most ironic and perplexing puzzles. When Darwin showed that life evolves, and that it does so by natural selection, he transformed our understanding of living things. But the very question Darwin addressed-the nature of species-continues to pose an awkward conundrum for biologists. Despite enormous efforts by a great many scholars, biologists still cannot agree on how to identify species or even how to define the word "species." Genes, Categories, and Species is not like other books on the species problem, for it does not begin by asking, "What is a species?" Instead, it focuses on the very fact that biologists are stumped by species and their curious behavior in coping with that uncertainty. Faced with a persistent conundrum-and no lack of data on the subject-biologists who ponder the species problem have ceased to ask the most essential of scientific questions: "What new information do we need to resolve the problem?" This is the question that motivates this book and leads to the discoveries it reveals. The answer to the species problem lies not with the processes and patterns of biological diversity, Hey contends, but rather in the way the human mind perceives and categorizes that diversity. The promise of this book is twofold. First, it allows biologists to understand the causes of the species problem and to use this knowledge to avoid the major confusions that arise over species. Second, with its explanation of the species problem, it gives scholars and students of human nature a humbling example of how ill-suited the human mind is for certain kinds of scientific questions.

Species

M.F. Claridge
Species Book PDF

Author : M.F. Claridge
Publisher : Taylor & Francis US
Page : 1 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 1997-03-31
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780412631207

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Species by M.F. Claridge Pdf

A major thrust of scientific concern in recent years has been the problem of documenting and conserving biodiversity and the establishment of systems of sustainable development. This volume reviews the practical application of concepts and technologies.