The Two Sexes

Author : Eleanor E. Maccoby
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 392 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0674914821

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The Two Sexes by Eleanor E. Maccoby Pdf

How does being male or female shape us? And what, aside from obvious anatomical differences, does being male or female mean? In this book, the distinguished psychologist Eleanor Maccoby explores how individuals express their sexual identity at successive periods of their lives. A book about sex in the broadest sense, The Two Sexes seeks to tell us how our development from infancy through adolescence and into adulthood is affected by gender. Chief among Maccoby's contentions is that gender differences appear primarily in group, or social, contexts. In childhood, boys and girls tend to gravitate toward others of their own sex. The Two Sexes examines why this segregation occurs and how boys' groups and girls' groups develop distinct cultures with different agendas. Deploying evidence from her own research and studies by many other scholars, Maccoby identifies a complex combination of biological, cognitive, and social factors that contribute to gender segregation and group differentiation. A major finding of The Two Sexes is that these childhood experiences in same-sex groups profoundly influence how members of the two sexes relate to one another in adulthood--as lovers, coworkers, and parents. Maccoby shows how, in constructing these adult relationships, men and women utilize old elements from their childhood experiences as well as new ones arising from different adult agendas. Finally, she considers social changes in gender roles in light of her discoveries about the constraints and opportunities implicit in the same-sex and cross-sex relationships of childhood.

Author : Antoinette Fouque
Publisher : Columbia University Press
Page : 350 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2015-02-24
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780231538381

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There Are Two Sexes by Antoinette Fouque Pdf

Antoinette Fouque cofounded the Mouvement de Libération des Femmes (MLF) in France in 1968 and spearheaded its celebrated Psychanalyse et Politique, a research group that informed the cultural and intellectual heart of French feminism. Rather than reject Freud's discoveries on the pretext of their phallocentrism, Fouque sought to enrich his thought by more clearly defining the difference between the sexes and affirming the existence of a female libido. By recognizing women's contribution to humanity, Fouque hoped "uterus envy," which she saw as the mainspring of misogyny, could finally give way to gratitude and by associating procreation with women's liberation she advanced the goal of a parity-based society in which men and women could write a new human contract. The essays, lectures, and dialogues in this volume finally allow English-speaking readers to access the breadth of Fouque's creativity and activism. Touching on issues in history and biography, politics and psychoanalysis, Fouque recounts her experiences running the first women's publishing house in Europe; supporting women under threat, such as Aung San Suu Kyi, Taslima Nasrin, and Nawal El Saadaoui; and serving as deputy in the European Parliament. Her theoretical explorations discuss the ongoing development of feminology, a field she initiated, and, while she celebrates the progress women have made over the past four decades, she also warns against the trends of counterliberation: the feminization of poverty, the persistence of sexual violence, and the rise of religious fundamentalism.

Author : Simone de Beauvoir
Publisher : Vintage
Page : 791 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780679724513

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Le Deuxième Sexe by Simone de Beauvoir Pdf

The classic manifesto of the liberated woman, this book explores every facet of a woman's life.

Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Understanding the Biology of Sex and Gender Differences
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2001-07-02
Category : Medical
ISBN : 0309132975

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Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health by Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Understanding the Biology of Sex and Gender Differences Pdf

It's obvious why only men develop prostate cancer and why only women get ovarian cancer. But it is not obvious why women are more likely to recover language ability after a stroke than men or why women are more apt to develop autoimmune diseases such as lupus. Sex differences in health throughout the lifespan have been documented. Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health begins to snap the pieces of the puzzle into place so that this knowledge can be used to improve health for both sexes. From behavior and cognition to metabolism and response to chemicals and infectious organisms, this book explores the health impact of sex (being male or female, according to reproductive organs and chromosomes) and gender (one's sense of self as male or female in society). Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health discusses basic biochemical differences in the cells of males and females and health variability between the sexes from conception throughout life. The book identifies key research needs and opportunities and addresses barriers to research. Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health will be important to health policy makers, basic, applied, and clinical researchers, educators, providers, and journalists-while being very accessible to interested lay readers.

Author : T. H. Clutton-Brock,F. E. Guinness,S. D. Albon
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 401 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 1982-11-15
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780226110578

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Red Deer by T. H. Clutton-Brock,F. E. Guinness,S. D. Albon Pdf

Red Deer: Behavior and Ecology of Two Sexes is the most extensive study yet available of reproduction in wild vertebrate. The authors synthesize data collected over ten years on a population of individually recognizable red deer, usually regarded as conspecific with the American elk. Their results reveal the extent of sex differences in behavior, reproduction, and ecology and make a substantial contribution to our understanding of sexual selection.

Author : Simone De Beauvoir
Publisher : Vintage
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2018-11-06
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780525563419

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The Independent Woman by Simone De Beauvoir Pdf

“Like man, woman is a human being.” When The Second Sex was first published in Paris in 1949—groundbreaking, risqué, brilliantly written and strikingly modern—it provoked both outrage and inspiration. The Independent Woman contains three key chapters of Beauvoir’s masterwork, which illuminate the feminine condition and identify practical social reforms for gender equality. It captures the essence of the spirited manifesto that switched on light bulbs in the heads of a generation of women and continues to exert profound influence on feminists today.

Author : Lisa M. Bitel,Felice Lifshitz
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
Page : 169 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2013-03-26
Category : History
ISBN : 9780812204490

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Gender and Christianity in Medieval Europe by Lisa M. Bitel,Felice Lifshitz Pdf

In Gender and Christianity in Medieval Europe, six historians explore how medieval people professed Christianity, how they performed gender, and how the two coincided. Many of the daily religious decisions people made were influenced by gender roles, the authors contend. Women's pious donations, for instance, were limited by laws of inheritance and marriage customs; male clerics' behavior depended upon their understanding of masculinity as much as on the demands of liturgy. The job of religious practitioner, whether as a nun, monk, priest, bishop, or some less formal participant, involved not only professing a set of religious ideals but also professing gender in both ideal and practical terms. The authors also argue that medieval Europeans chose how to be women or men (or some complex combination of the two), just as they decided whether and how to be religious. In this sense, religious institutions freed men and women from some of the gendered limits otherwise imposed by society. Whereas previous scholarship has tended to focus exclusively either on masculinity or on aristocratic women, the authors define their topic to study gender in a fuller and more richly nuanced fashion. Likewise, their essays strive for a generous definition of religious history, which has too often been a history of its most visible participants and dominant discourses. In stepping back from received assumptions about religion, gender, and history and by considering what the terms "woman," "man," and "religious" truly mean for historians, the book ultimately enhances our understanding of the gendered implications of every pious thought and ritual gesture of medieval Christians. Contributors: Dyan Elliott is John Evans Professor of History at Northwestern University. Ruth Mazo Karras is professor of history at the University of Minnesota, and the general editor of The Middle Ages Series for the University of Pennsyvlania Press. Jacqueline Murray is dean of arts and professor of history at the University of Guelph. Jane Tibbetts Schulenberg is professor of history at the University of Wisconsin—Madison.

Author : Gerald Callahan
Publisher : Chicago Review Press
Page : 209 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2009-07-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781569762912

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Between XX and XY by Gerald Callahan Pdf

Providing a fascinating look at the science of sex and what makes people male or female, this book explains dozens of intersex conditions—such as hermaphroditism, Klinefelter syndrome, and androgen insensitivity syndrome—and includes personal interviews with people living with these conditions telling their surprising and often heart-wrenching stories. Even doctors and scientists are not entirely sure if external genitalia, internal sex organs, chromosomes, DNA, environment, or some combination define a person's sex, but this examination shows that sex is not an either-or proposition: not girl/boy, XX/XY—there are babies born XYY, XXX, or with any dozen or more known variations in the X or Y chromosomes. The history and the current treatment for intersex conditions as well as the options that are available today for the ambiguous child are covered in this captivating account that truly shows what it means to be human.

Author : Eleanor Maccoby
Publisher : Brigham Young University Press
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2017-03
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0842530150

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A Memoir by Eleanor Maccoby Pdf

A Memoir. author's memories of her century of life.

Author : Kathreen Ruckstuhl,Peter Neuhaus
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 512 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 0521835224

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Sexual Segregation in Vertebrates by Kathreen Ruckstuhl,Peter Neuhaus Pdf

Males and females of many species can, and do, live separately for long periods of time. This sexual segregation is widespread and can be on social, spatial or habitat scales. An understanding of sexual segregation is important in the explanation of life history and social preference, population dynamics and the conservation of rare species. Sexual Segregation in Vertebrates explores the reasons why this behaviour has evolved and what factors contribute to it.

Author : Edmund Shaftesbury
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2023-07-18
Category : History
ISBN : 1019538023

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The Two Sexes by Edmund Shaftesbury Pdf

Published in the early 20th century, The Two Sexes is a classic work of sexology that helped to shape our modern understanding of gender and sexuality. Drawing on the latest scientific research of his time, Shaftesbury explores the biological and social differences between men and women, arguing that these differences are essential and complementary. This book is a fascinating look at the history of sexology and its impact on our culture. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Author : Edmund Shaftesbury
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 444 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 1898
Category : Sex (Biology)
ISBN : HARVARD:HC25ZL

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The Two Sexes by Edmund Shaftesbury Pdf

Author : Debra Soh
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2021-08-31
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781982132521

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The End of Gender by Debra Soh Pdf

"International sex researcher, neuroscientist, and frequent contributor to The Globe and Mail (Toronto) Debra Soh [discusses what she sees as] gender myths in this ... examination of the many facets of gender identity"--

Author : Joan Roughgarden
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 491 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2013-09-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780520957978

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Evolution's Rainbow by Joan Roughgarden Pdf

In this innovative celebration of diversity and affirmation of individuality in animals and humans, Joan Roughgarden challenges accepted wisdom about gender identity and sexual orientation. A distinguished evolutionary biologist, Roughgarden takes on the medical establishment, the Bible, social science—and even Darwin himself. She leads the reader through a fascinating discussion of diversity in gender and sexuality among fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds, and mammals, including primates. Evolution's Rainbow explains how this diversity develops from the action of genes and hormones and how people come to differ from each other in all aspects of body and behavior. Roughgarden reconstructs primary science in light of feminist, gay, and transgender criticism and redefines our understanding of sex, gender, and sexuality. Witty, playful, and daring, this book will revolutionize our understanding of sexuality. Roughgarden argues that principal elements of Darwinian sexual selection theory are false and suggests a new theory that emphasizes social inclusion and control of access to resources and mating opportunity. She disputes a range of scientific and medical concepts, including Wilson's genetic determinism of behavior, evolutionary psychology, the existence of a gay gene, the role of parenting in determining gender identity, and Dawkins's "selfish gene" as the driver of natural selection. She dares social science to respect the agency and rationality of diverse people; shows that many cultures across the world and throughout history accommodate people we label today as lesbian, gay, and transgendered; and calls on the Christian religion to acknowledge the Bible's many passages endorsing diversity in gender and sexuality. Evolution's Rainbow concludes with bold recommendations for improving education in biology, psychology, and medicine; for democratizing genetic engineering and medical practice; and for building a public monument to affirm diversity as one of our nation's defining principles.

Author : Tatsuya Togashi,Paul Alan Cox
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 263 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2011-04-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781139500821

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The Evolution of Anisogamy by Tatsuya Togashi,Paul Alan Cox Pdf

Darwin identified the existence of separate male and female gametes as one of the central mysteries of evolutionary biology. 150 years later, the question of why male gametes exist remains an intriguing puzzle. In this, the first book solely devoted to the evolution of anisogamy, top theorists in the field explore why gamete dimorphism characterizes nearly all plants and animals. Did separate male and female gametes evolve as a result of competition, or does anisogamy instead represent selection for cooperation? If disruptive selection drove the evolution of anisogamy, with male gametes focused on search and fusion, and female gametes provisioning the new zygote, why do some algal species continue to produce gametes of a single size? Does sperm limitation, or escape from infection, better explain the need for extremely small, highly mobile sperm? Written by leaders in the field, this volume offers an authoritative and cutting-edge overview of evolutionary theory.