The United States And The Global Struggle For Minerals

Author : Alfred E. Eckes, Jr.
Publisher : University of Texas Press
Page : 366 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2014-09-10
Category : History
ISBN : 9781477300794

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The United States and the Global Struggle for Minerals by Alfred E. Eckes, Jr. Pdf

In 1973–1974 soaring commodity prices and an oil embargo alerted Americans to the twin dangers of resource exhaustion and dependence on unreliable foreign materials suppliers. This period seemed to mark a watershed in history as the United States shifted from the era of relative resource abundance to relative materials scarcity. Alfred E. Eckes’s comprehensive study shows that resource depletion and supply dislocations are not concerns unique to the 1970s. Since 1914, the quest for secure and stable supplies of industrial materials has been an important underlying theme of international relations and American diplomacy. Although the United States has been blessed with a diversified materials base, it has pursued a minerals strategy designed to exploit low-cost, high-quality ores abroad. Eckes demonstrates how this policy has led to official protection for overseas private investments, involving a role for the Central Intelligence Agency. Some modern historians have neglected the importance of resources in shaping diplomacy and history. This book, based on a vast variety of unutilized archival collections and recently declassified government documents, helps to correct that imbalance. In the process it illuminates an important and still timely aspect of America’s global interests.

Author : Alfred Edwards Eckes
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 365 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 1978
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0783789556

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The United States and the Global Struggle for Minerals by Alfred Edwards Eckes Pdf

Author : Stuart Rollo
Publisher : JHU Press
Page : 292 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2023-10-31
Category : History
ISBN : 9781421447384

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Terminus by Stuart Rollo Pdf

"A new interpretation of how American foreign and strategic policy has, from the time of the Revolution, been shaped by economic and political concerns about China"--

Author : Philip Andrews-Speed,Raimund Bleischwitz,Tim Boersma,Corey Johnson,Geoffrey Kemp,Stacy D. VanDeveer
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 230 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2014-11-13
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781317665861

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Want, Waste or War? by Philip Andrews-Speed,Raimund Bleischwitz,Tim Boersma,Corey Johnson,Geoffrey Kemp,Stacy D. VanDeveer Pdf

In addition to environmental change, the structure and trends of global politics and the economy are also changing as more countries join the ranks of the world’s largest economies with their resource-intensive patterns. The nexus approach, conceptualized as attention to resource connections and their governance ramifications, calls attention to the sustainability of contemporary consumer resource use, lifestyles and supply chains. This book sets out an analytical framework for understanding these nexus issues and the related governance challenges and opportunities. It sheds light on the resource nexus in three realms: markets, interstate relations and local human security. These three realms are the organizing principle of three chapters, before the analysis turns to crosscutting case studies including shale gas, migration, lifestyle changes and resource efficiency, nitrogen fertilizer and food systems, water and the Nile Basin, climate change and security and defense spending. The key issues revolve around competition and conflict over finite natural resources. The authors highlight opportunities to improve both the understanding of nexus challenges and their governance. They critically discuss a global governance approach versus polycentric and multilevel approaches and the lack of those dimensions in many theories of international relations.

Author : Kenneth Aaron Rodman
Publisher : Columbia University Press
Page : 436 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 1988
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0231064489

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Sanctity Versus Sovereignty by Kenneth Aaron Rodman Pdf

Available for the first time in English, this is the definitive account of the practice of sexual slavery the Japanese military perpetrated during World War II by the researcher principally responsible for exposing the Japanese government's responsibility for these atrocities. The large scale imprisonment and rape of thousands of women, who were euphemistically called "comfort women" by the Japanese military, first seized public attention in 1991 when three Korean women filed suit in a Toyko District Court stating that they had been forced into sexual servitude and demanding compensation. Since then the comfort stations and their significance have been the subject of ongoing debate and intense activism in Japan, much if it inspired by Yoshimi's investigations. How large a role did the military, and by extension the government, play in setting up and administering these camps? What type of compensation, if any, are the victimized women due? These issues figure prominently in the current Japanese focus on public memory and arguments about the teaching and writing of history and are central to efforts to transform Japanese ways of remembering the war. Yoshimi Yoshiaki provides a wealth of documentation and testimony to prove the existence of some 2,000 centers where as many as 200,000 Korean, Filipina, Taiwanese, Indonesian, Burmese, Dutch, Australian, and some Japanese women were restrained for months and forced to engage in sexual activity with Japanese military personnel. Many of the women were teenagers, some as young as fourteen. To date, the Japanese government has neither admitted responsibility for creating the comfort station system nor given compensation directly to former comfort women. This English edition updates the Japanese edition originally published in 1995 and includes introductions by both the author and the translator placing the story in context for American readers.

Author : Megan Black
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 330 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2018-10-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9780674989603

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The Global Interior by Megan Black Pdf

Megan Black argues that the U.S. Department of the Interior, known for managing domestic natural resources and operating public parks, constantly supports and projects American power abroad. In the guise of sharing expertise globally, Interior has helped the U.S. maintain key benefits of empire without the burden of playing the imperialist villain.

Author : Ronald H. Limbaugh
Publisher : University of Nevada Press
Page : 310 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2010-09-28
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780874178210

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Tungsten in Peace and War, 1918–1946 by Ronald H. Limbaugh Pdf

Tungsten is a rare ferrous metal whose ability to form molecular compounds with other elements has made it one of the essential elements in steelmaking, electronics, and various military technologies. This is the first comprehensive study of the use of tungsten and its role in modern technology, politics, and international trade. The book combines a detailed general overview of tungsten’s uses in science and technology with a history of tungsten mining in the U.S. and elsewhere; international competition for tungsten supplies, especially between the two world wars of the twentieth century; and the complex national and international politics involved in supporting and protecting the U.S. tungsten supply and tungsten-mining industry. Tungsten in Peace and War, 1918–1946 is a significant addition to the history of technology and a revelation of the complex role that tungsten and other critical metals play in national and international politics and in the world economy.

Author : Paul A. C. Koistinen
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 464 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : STANFORD:36105020176421

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Planning War, Pursuing Peace by Paul A. C. Koistinen Pdf

The third volume in a magisterial five-volume study of the political economy of American warfare.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 462 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 1984
Category : Power resources
ISBN : UOM:39015026720188

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Energy Abstracts for Policy Analysis by Anonim Pdf

Author : Edelgard Mahant,Graeme S. Mount
Publisher : UBC Press
Page : 266 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2011-11-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780774842242

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Invisible and Inaudible in Washington by Edelgard Mahant,Graeme S. Mount Pdf

Edelgard Mahant and Graeme Mount examine details of White House policy from 1945 to the 1980s to assess the extent to which the United States could be said to have had a Canada policy. They challenge the popular nationalist view that Canada has been treated as peripheral and dependent, but also counter the opposing view that Washington has respected Canadian advice and benefitted from it. Instead, they argue that for the most part Canada has mattered little in Washington and that America's Canada policy is largely an ad hoc affair.

Author : Thomas Robertson,Richard P. Tucker,Nicholas B. Breyfogle,Peter Mansoor
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 399 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2020-04-02
Category : History
ISBN : 9781108419765

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Nature at War by Thomas Robertson,Richard P. Tucker,Nicholas B. Breyfogle,Peter Mansoor Pdf

"World War II was the largest and most destructive conflict in human history. It was an existential struggle that pitted irreconcilable political systems and ideologies against one another across the globe in a decade of violence unlike any other. There is little doubt today that the United States had to engage in the fighting, especially after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. The conflict was, in the words of historians Allan Millett and Williamson Murray, "a war to be won." As the world's largest industrial power, the United States put forth a supreme effort to produce the weapons, munitions, and military formations essential to achieving victory. When the war finally ended, the finale signaled by atomic mushroom clouds over Hiroshima and Nagasaki, upwards of 60 million people had perished in the inferno. Of course, the human toll represented only part of the devastation; global environments also suffered greatly. The growth and devastation of the Second World War significantly changed American landscapes as well. The war created or significantly expanded a number of industries, put land to new uses, spurred urbanization, and left a legacy of pollution that would in time create a new term: Superfund site"--

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Committee on Earth Resources,Committee on Critical Mineral Impacts of the U.S. Economy
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 262 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2008-03-11
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309112826

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Minerals, Critical Minerals, and the U.S. Economy by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Committee on Earth Resources,Committee on Critical Mineral Impacts of the U.S. Economy Pdf

Minerals are part of virtually every product we use. Common examples include copper used in electrical wiring and titanium used to make airplane frames and paint pigments. The Information Age has ushered in a number of new mineral uses in a number of products including cell phones (e.g., tantalum) and liquid crystal displays (e.g., indium). For some minerals, such as the platinum group metals used to make cataytic converters in cars, there is no substitute. If the supply of any given mineral were to become restricted, consumers and sectors of the U.S. economy could be significantly affected. Risks to minerals supplies can include a sudden increase in demand or the possibility that natural ores can be exhausted or become too difficult to extract. Minerals are more vulnerable to supply restrictions if they come from a limited number of mines, mining companies, or nations. Baseline information on minerals is currently collected at the federal level, but no established methodology has existed to identify potentially critical minerals. This book develops such a methodology and suggests an enhanced federal initiative to collect and analyze the additional data needed to support this type of tool.

Author : Alfred E. Eckes Jr.
Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press
Page : 424 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2000-11-09
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780807861189

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Opening America's Market by Alfred E. Eckes Jr. Pdf

Despite the passage of NAFTA and other recent free trade victories in the United States, former U.S. trade official Alfred Eckes warns that these developments have a dark side. Opening America's Market offers a bold critique of U.S. trade policies over the last sixty years, placing them within a historical perspective. Eckes reconsiders trade policy issues and events from Benjamin Franklin to Bill Clinton, attributing growing political unrest and economic insecurity in the 1990s to shortsighted policy decisions made in the generation after World War II. Eager to win the Cold War and promote the benefits of free trade, American officials generously opened the domestic market to imports but tolerated foreign discrimination against American goods. American consumers and corporations gained in the resulting global economy, but many low-skilled workers have become casualties. Eckes also challenges criticisms of the 'infamous' protectionist Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of 1930, which allegedly worsened the Great Depression and provoked foreign retaliation. In trade history, he says, this episode was merely a mole hill, not a mountain.

Author : Andreas Exner,Peter Fleissner,Lukas Kranzl,Werner Zittel
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 319 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2013-03-05
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781136223174

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Land and Resource Scarcity by Andreas Exner,Peter Fleissner,Lukas Kranzl,Werner Zittel Pdf

This book brings together geological, biological, radical economic, technological, historical and social perspectives on peak oil and other scarce resources. The contributors to this volume argue that these scarcities will put an end to the capitalist system as we know it and alternatives must be created. The book combines natural science with emancipatory thinking, focusing on bottom up alternatives and social struggles to change the world by taking action. The volume introduces original contributions to the debates on peak oil, land grabbing and social alternatives, thus creating a synthesis to gain an overview of the multiple crises of our times. The book sets out to analyse how crises of energy, climate, metals, minerals and the soil relate to the global land grab which has accelerated greatly since 2008, as well as to examine the crisis of profit production and political legitimacy. Based on a theoretical understanding of the multiple crises and the effects of peak oil and other scarcities on capital accumulation, the contributors explore the social innovations that provide an alternative. Using the most up to date research on resource crises, this integrative and critical analysis brings together the issues with a radical perspective on possibilites for future change as well as a strong social economic and ethical dimesion. The book should be of interest to researchers and students of environmental policy, politics, sustainable development and natural resource management.

Author : Tyler Priest
Publisher : Praeger
Page : 376 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2003-12-30
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : STANFORD:36105114375608

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Global Gambits by Tyler Priest Pdf

From the 1890s to the 1960s, U.S. steel makers imported more than 70 million tons of high-grade manganese ore, a ferroalloy indispensable to steel production but rare in the United States. Using a commodity approach to highlight the webs of interest and conflict over raw materials that studies of bilateral diplomacy often overlook, Priest reveals the interconnected histories of far-flung mining regions around the globe and the unexamined role of the major U.S. steel companies in the U.S. search for foreign materials. The big manganese mines would emerge first in Brazil, Soviet Georgia, and India, and later in Gabon and South Africa, in a world market that was extremely competitive and inherently unstable. Market instability, caused in part by consumer control over the manganese trade, stimulated direct U.S. investments in mining beginning in the 1920s. During the 1930s and 1940s, concerns about access to manganese increasingly shaped U.S. mineral and foreign lending policies, which by the Cold War focused on supporting infrastructure development linked to strategic mining districts. Big manganese projects in Brazil and Gabon, undertaken by Bethlehem and U.S. Steel, respectively, dramatically restructured world supply and demonstrated the ways in which U.S. investment and aid imposed an export orientation in producing nations and widened the gulf between industrial and extractive regions of the world.