The Unity Of Science And Economics

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The Unity of Science and Economics

Author : Jing Chen
Publisher : Springer
Page : 136 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2015-11-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781493934669

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The Unity of Science and Economics by Jing Chen Pdf

This book presents a new economic theory developed from physical and biological principles. It explains how technology, social systems and economic values are intimately related to resources. Many people have recognized that mainstream (neoclassical) economic theories are not consistent with physical laws and often not consistent with empirical patterns, but most feel that economic activities are too complex to be described by a simple and coherent mathematical theory. While social systems are indeed complex, all life systems, including social systems, satisfy two principles. First, all systems need to extract resources from the external environment to compensate for their consumption. Second, for a system to be viable, the amount of resource extraction has to be no less than the level of consumption. From these two principles, we derive a quantitative theory of major factors in economic activities, such as fixed cost, variable cost, discount rate, uncertainty and duration. The mathematical theory enables us to systematically measure the effectiveness of different policies and institutional structures at varying levels of resource abundance and cost.The theory presented in this book shows that there do not exist universally optimal policies or institutional structures. Instead, the impacts of different policies or social structures have to be measured within the context of existing levels of resource abundance. As the physical costs of extracting resources rise steadily, many policy assumptions adopted in mainstream economic theories, and workable in times of cheap and abundant energy supplies and other resources, need to be reconsidered. In this rapidly changing world, the theory presented here provides a solid foundation for examining the long-term impacts of today's policy decisions.

Special Sciences and the Unity of Science

Author : Olga Pombo,Juan Manuel Torres,John Symons,Shahid Rahman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 302 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2012-02-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400720305

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Special Sciences and the Unity of Science by Olga Pombo,Juan Manuel Torres,John Symons,Shahid Rahman Pdf

Science is a dynamic process in which the assimilation of new phenomena, perspectives, and hypotheses into the scientific corpus takes place slowly. The apparent disunity of the sciences is the unavoidable consequence of this gradual integration process. Some thinkers label this dynamical circumstance a ‘crisis’. However, a retrospective view of the practical results of the scientific enterprise and of science itself, grants us a clear view of the unity of the human knowledge seeking enterprise. This book provides many arguments, case studies and examples in favor of the unity of science. These contributions touch upon various scientific perspectives and disciplines such as: Physics, Computer Science, Biology, Neuroscience, Cognitive Psychology, and Economics.

Special Sciences and the Unity of Science

Author : Olga Pombo,Juan Manuel Torres,John Symons,Shahid Rahman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2012-02-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400720299

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Special Sciences and the Unity of Science by Olga Pombo,Juan Manuel Torres,John Symons,Shahid Rahman Pdf

Science is a dynamic process in which the assimilation of new phenomena, perspectives, and hypotheses into the scientific corpus takes place slowly. The apparent disunity of the sciences is the unavoidable consequence of this gradual integration process. Some thinkers label this dynamical circumstance a ‘crisis’. However, a retrospective view of the practical results of the scientific enterprise and of science itself, grants us a clear view of the unity of the human knowledge seeking enterprise. This book provides many arguments, case studies and examples in favor of the unity of science. These contributions touch upon various scientific perspectives and disciplines such as: Physics, Computer Science, Biology, Neuroscience, Cognitive Psychology, and Economics.

The Human Project and the Temptations of Science

Author : Lansana Keita
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 164 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2022-07-18
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789004495159

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The Human Project and the Temptations of Science by Lansana Keita Pdf

On account of the impressive yield of empirical science since the dawn of modern era, theorists of human behavior have sought eagerly to adopt its methodology to explain and predict behavior in the same way that natural science does with respect to natural phenomena. Thus, the positivist principle endorsed the unity of science approach to both the natural and social worlds. Modern social science, in its specific forms of sociology, economics, and so on, confidently embraced the positivist principle. In a short period of time, political economy was transformed into economic science. The goal was to purge the social sciences of their supposedly evaluative content. In due course, the idea of objective scientific truth came to be questioned along with the positivist paradigm. Epistemological relativism à la Kuhn is to be credited with this intellectual shift. But this novel theoretical approach was more easily accommodated by epistemologists of science than scientists themselves. Scientists hardly questioned their methodologies of research and the cognitive field of successful theories. Similarly, in the social sciences, neoclassical economics remained dominant. The neoclassical motto was that economics as science answered only questions of efficiency, not evaluative questions of social justice. The Human Project and the Temptations of Science argues that the model of epistemological unity, at one time embracing positivism, at another time supporting epistemological relativism, is questionable. While empirical science does yield knowledge of the natural world, knowledge of the social world - the world of humans - is necessarily value-laden. Despite the quantitative veneer of neoclassical economics - the dominant paradigm in economics - economic analysis cannot avoid questions of value. The reason is that its foundational concepts, such as rationality and the maximization of expected utility, reflect the necessary value-oriented nature of human behavior. The question posed, then, by The Human Project and the Temptations of Science is what sort of optimal values should humans adopt.

The unity of the capitalist economy and state

Author : Geert Reuten
Publisher : BRILL
Page : 737 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2018-12-24
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9789004392809

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The unity of the capitalist economy and state by Geert Reuten Pdf

In The unity of the capitalist economy and state, Geert Reuten offers a systematic exposition of the capitalist system, showing that the capitalist economy and the capitalist state constitute a unity. In its critique of contemporary economics, the book argues that in order to comprehend the capitalist system, one requires a full synthetic exposition of the economic and state institutions and processes necessary for its continued existence. A synthetic approach also reveals a range of components that are often obscured by partial analyses. In its systematic character, Reuten’s work takes inspiration from Marx’s provisional outline of the capitalist system in Capital, while also addressing fields that Marx left unfinished – such as the capitalist state.

The Problem of the Unity of Science

Author : Académie internationale de philosophie des sciences. Meeting,Evandro Agazzi,Jan Faye
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 212 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789812799593

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The Problem of the Unity of Science by Académie internationale de philosophie des sciences. Meeting,Evandro Agazzi,Jan Faye Pdf

The unity of science has been a widely discussed issue both in the philosophy of science and within several sciences. Reductionism has often been seen as the means of bringing the different sciences to a fundamental unity by reference to some basic science, but it shows many limitations. Multidisciplinarity and interdisciplinarity have also been proposed as methodologies for attaining unity without underestimating the diversity of the sciences. This volume starts with a clarification of the possible meanings of this unity and then discusses the features of the mentioned approaches to unity, evaluating the success and the shortcomings of the unification programme among different sciences and within a single science. Contents: The General Framework: What Does ''The Unity of Science'' Mean? (E Agazzi); The Unity of Disunity (J Faye); Sciences of Nature and Sciences of Man: On a Difference between Natural Science and the Interpretive Sciences of Man (F Collin); Natural Sciences and Human Sciences (G M Prosperi); Overcoming Reductionism: Complexity, Reductionism, and the Unity of Science (J Ricard); The Consilience Approach to the Unity of Science (B Kanitscheider); The Unity Within a Single Science: The Problem of Unity in a Single Field of Science (A Cordero); The Unity of Particle Physics and Cosmology? The Case of the Cosmological Constant (J Mosterin); Is Quantum Mechanics a Universal Theory ? (B d''Espagnat); and other papers. Readership: Graduate students and academics in the philosophy of science.

Individualism and the Unity of Science

Author : Harold Kincaid
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 182 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 0847686639

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Individualism and the Unity of Science by Harold Kincaid Pdf

In this original and important book, Harold Kincaid defends a view of the special sciences -- all sciences outside physics -- as autonomous and nonreducible. He argues that the biological and social sciences provide explanations that cannot be captured by explanations at the level of their constituent parts, and yet that this does not commit us to mysterious, nonphysical entities like vital forces or group minds. A look at real scientific practice shows that the many different sciences can be unified in a way that leaves them each an autonomous explanatory role. This book will be of great interest to philosophers of science and social scientists.

The Alphabet of Economic Science

Author : Philip Henry Wicksteed
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 258 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 1888
Category : Value
ISBN : HARVARD:32044020506028

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The Alphabet of Economic Science by Philip Henry Wicksteed Pdf

The Unity of Science

Author : Rudolf Carnap
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 107 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2013-05-13
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781136654299

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The Unity of Science by Rudolf Carnap Pdf

As a leading member of the Vienna Circle, Rudolph Carnap's aim was to bring about a "unified science" by applying a method of logical analysis to the empirical data of all the sciences. This work, first published in English in 1934, endeavors to work out a way in which the observation statements required for verification are not private to the observer. The work shows the strong influence of Wittgenstein, Russell, and Frege.

Homo Oeconomicus

Author : Gebhard Kirchgässner
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2008-06-13
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780387727974

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Homo Oeconomicus by Gebhard Kirchgässner Pdf

The economic model of behaviour is fundamental not only in economic theory, but also in modern approaches of other social sciences, above all in political science and law. This book provides a comprehensive treatise of the general model, its philosophical and methodological foundations and its applications in different fields. In addition to the basic model, extensions to its assumptions are examined to account for complex applications like low-cost situations with moral behaviour.

Toward a Formal Science of Economics

Author : Bernt P. Stigum
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 1068 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0262192845

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Toward a Formal Science of Economics by Bernt P. Stigum Pdf

Consumer Law and Practice provides undergraduate students and those studying the LPC with concise yet comprehensive guidance. It is also a useful aid for practitioners (including those advising businesses) and non-lawyers requiring information which can be quickly understood. Using an innovative problem-solving approach to the subject, we focus on situations in which clients may find themselves and explain how the law deals with such situations. "Between the covers is a mine of information clearly and accurately set out ... a valuable tool for non-specialist and specialist alike." The Law Society's Gazette

Emergence and Convergence

Author : Mario Bunge
Publisher : University of Toronto Press
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2015-01-15
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781442621961

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Emergence and Convergence by Mario Bunge Pdf

Two problems continually arise in the sciences and humanities, according to Mario Bunge: parts and wholes and the origin of novelty. In Emergence and Convergence, he works to address these problems, as well as that of systems and their emergent properties, as exemplified by the synthesis of molecules, the creation of ideas, and social inventions. Along the way, Bunge examines further topical problems, such as the search for the mechanisms underlying observable facts, the limitations of both individualism and holism, the reach of reduction, the abuses of Darwinism, the rational choice-hermeneutics feud, the modularity of the brain vs. the unity of the mind, the cluster of concepts around 'maybe,' the uselessness of many-worlds metaphysics and semantics, the hazards posed by Bayesianism, the nature of partial truth, the obstacles to correct medical diagnosis, and the formal conditions for the emergence of a cross-discipline. Bunge is not interested in idle fantasies, but about many of the problems that occur in any discipline that studies reality or ways to control it. His work is about the merger of initially independent lines of inquiry, such as developmental evolutionary biology, cognitive neuroscience, and socio-economics. Bunge proposes a clear definition of the concept of emergence to replace that of supervenience and clarifies the notions of system, real possibility, inverse problem, interdiscipline, and partial truth that occur in all fields.

Neoclassical Economics and the Unity of Science

Author : Bruce Nevin Shortt
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 556 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 1983
Category : Economics
ISBN : STANFORD:36105025679999

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Neoclassical Economics and the Unity of Science by Bruce Nevin Shortt Pdf

The Inexact and Separate Science of Economics

Author : Daniel M. Hausman
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 553 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2023-05-31
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781009320252

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The Inexact and Separate Science of Economics by Daniel M. Hausman Pdf

Is economics a science? What distinguishes it from other sciences, both natural and social? Like many of the natural sciences, its theories are mathematically complex. Yet, like the social sciences, its 'laws' are largely everyday generalizations. Can such generalizations, which are far from universal truths, constitute a science? Does economics have a distinctive method? The first edition answered these and other questions about the scientific status of economics and its underlying methodology. In this fully updated new edition, Dan Hausman reflects on developments in both economics and the philosophy of economics over the last thirty years. It includes a new chapter on the methodology of macroeconomics, an updated discussion on the use of models, and new discussions causal inference and behavioural economics and their implications for theory appraisal. It is the perfect choice for a new generation of students studying the methodology of modern economics.

The Unity of Nature

Author : Alan Marshall
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2002-10-04
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781783261161

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The Unity of Nature by Alan Marshall Pdf

The idea behind The Unity of Nature is a strong theoretical theme in a number of scientific and environmental fields from ecosystems ecology, through quantum physics to environmental philosophy and ecopolitics giving rise to an inspiring, optimistic, socially-responsive and environment-friendly worldview. The fields of science and environmentalism have inherited this theme of natural unity through an intellectual lineage that encompasses many non-scientific and non-environmental fields such as sociology, theology and political philosophy. Many of these fields have used natural unity in a way which is in stark opposition to the metaphysical and political desires of those who promulgate the unity of nature for progressive social change. This book discusses how this has transpired and examines the social and intellectual processes that have been at work. These include the social construction of the Organicism versus Mechanicism debate in ecology, the intellectual links between neo-classical economic principles and the ‘New Sciences’, the techno-scientific background of Gaia theory, and the social conservatism of ecological functionalism. Contents:It's All an Environmentalist Plot!:Unity as an Environmental Idea: An Introduction to the Unity of Nature in Contemporary ThoughtIt's All a Bourgeois Plot!:Falling into Wholes: Ecological FascismGaia: The Technocentric Embodiment of the Unity of Nature?Natural Conservatism: The Unity of Nature and Social SystemsUniting the Ecosystem with the EconomyIt's All a Postmodern Plot(lessness)!:What is This Thing Called Postmodern Science?Mechanicism vs Organicism: A False Dichotomy?An (Other) Postmodern Ecology Readership: Scientists, historians of science, environmentalists, and social scientists.