The Ups And Downs Of Affirmative Action Preferences

Author : M. Ali Raza,A. Janell Anderson,Harry Glynn Custred Jr.
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 222 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 1999-11-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780313001239

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The Ups and Downs of Affirmative Action Preferences by M. Ali Raza,A. Janell Anderson,Harry Glynn Custred Jr. Pdf

In the context of the evolution of affirmative action at the national and state levels, this study offers an empirical account of the citizens' movement in California that successfully resulted in the passage of a constitutional amendment to abolish such preferences in public education, public employment, and public contracting. It describes how the concept of affirmative action was transmuted into quotas and set-asides even in those situations where there was no credible evidence of past discrimination. This process was aided by Presidential Executive Orders as well as by some Supreme Court decisions which, until the late 1980s, failed to provide clear parameters of compensatory versus preferential actions. The California movement arose to reassert the original vision of equality as contained in the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Raza, Anderson, and Custred, who have studied the historical development of the phenomenon and have witnessed its actual operation, lift the curtain of secrecy that surrounds such preferences. This book challenges the notion that affirmative action is a benign and temporary measure that simply provides a helping hand to those who are disadvantaged. There is ample evidence of the institutionalization of preferences that generally provide advantages to those who could otherwise compete on their own merits. Such unfair competitive advantages, provided by government agencies and public educational institutions have neither moral nor political majority support; however, they continue to exist through pressure of political interest groups, liberal political ideology, and entrenched bureaucrats who administer the system. Quite contrary to some people's thinking, the system of preferences may no longer be considered either permanent or necessary.

Author : Melvin I. Urofsky
Publisher : Pantheon
Page : 593 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2020-01-28
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781101870877

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The Affirmative Action Puzzle by Melvin I. Urofsky Pdf

A rich, multifaceted history of affirmative action from the Civil Rights Act of 1866 through today’s tumultuous times From acclaimed legal historian, author of a biography of Louis Brandeis (“Remarkable” —Anthony Lewis, The New York Review of Books, “Definitive”—Jeffrey Rosen, The New Republic) and Dissent and the Supreme Court (“Riveting”—Dahlia Lithwick, The New York Times Book Review), a history of affirmative action from its beginning with the Civil Rights Act of 1866 to the first use of the term in 1935 with the enactment of the National Labor Relations Act (the Wagner Act) to 1961 and John F. Kennedy’s Executive Order 10925, mandating that federal contractors take “affirmative action” to ensure that there be no discrimination by “race, creed, color, or national origin” down to today’s American society. Melvin Urofsky explores affirmative action in relation to sex, gender, and education and shows that nearly every public university in the country has at one time or another instituted some form of affirmative action plan--some successful, others not. Urofsky traces the evolution of affirmative action through labor and the struggle for racial equality, writing of World War I and the exodus that began when some six mil­lion African Americans moved northward between 1910 and 1960, one of the greatest internal migrations in the country’s history. He describes how Harry Truman, after becoming president in 1945, fought for Roosevelt’s Fair Employment Practice Act and, surprising everyone, appointed a distinguished panel to serve as the President’s Commission on Civil Rights, as well as appointing the first black judge on a federal appeals court in 1948 and, by executive order later that year, ordering full racial integration in the armed forces. In this important, ambitious, far-reaching book, Urofsky writes about the affirmative action cases decided by the Supreme Court: cases that either upheld or struck down particular plans that affected both governmental and private entities. We come to fully understand the societal impact of affirmative action: how and why it has helped, and inflamed, people of all walks of life; how it has evolved; and how, and why, it is still needed.

Author : A. M. Babkina
Publisher : Nova Publishers
Page : 150 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1590335708

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Affirmative Action by A. M. Babkina Pdf

This guide to the literature presents 451 descriptions of books, reports and articles dealing with all aspects of affirmative action including: Race relations; Economic aspects; Reverse discrimination; Preferences; Affirmative Action programs: Public opinion; Court decisions; Education and many more. Complete author and subject indexes are provided.

Author : Tim J. Wise
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780415950480

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Affirmative Action by Tim J. Wise Pdf

First Published in 2005. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Labor and Human Resources
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 76 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : PSU:000025747300

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Affirmative Action, Preferences, and the Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1995 by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Labor and Human Resources Pdf

Author : Richard D. Kahlenberg
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2012-03
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0870785192

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Affirmative Action for the Rich by Richard D. Kahlenberg Pdf

The use of race-based affirmative action in higher education has given rise to hundreds of books and law review articles, numerous court decisions, and several state initiatives to ban the practice. However, surprisingly little has been said or written or done to challenge a larger, longstanding "affirmative action" program that tends to benefit wealthy whites: legacy preferences for the children of alumni. "Affirmative Action for the Rich" sketches the origins of legacy preferences, examines the philosophical issues they raise, outlines the extent of their use today, studies their impact on university fundraising, and reviews their implications for civil rights. In addition, the book outlines two new theories challenging the legality of legacy preferences, examines how a judge might review those claims, and assesses public policy options for curtailing alumni preferences. The book includes chapters by Michael Lind of the New America Foundation; Peter Schmidt of the "Chronicle of Higher Education"; former "Wall Street Journal" reporter Daniel Golden; Chad Coffman of Winnemac Consulting, attorney Tara O'Neil, and student Brian Starr; John Brittain of the University of the District of Columbia Law School and attorney Eric Bloom; Carlton Larson of the University of California--Davis School of Law; attorneys Steve Shadowen and Sozi Tulante; Sixth Circuit Court Judge Boyce F. Martin Jr. and attorney Donya Khalili; and education writer Peter Sacks.

Author : James A. Beckman
Publisher : Greenwood
Page : 608 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Affirmative action programs
ISBN : UCSC:32106017439529

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Affirmative Action: J-Z by James A. Beckman Pdf

Sixty-four international academics, attorneys, government specialists, and consultants contribute to this two-volume reference text, providing an objective overview of current scholarship on affirmative action and its impact on such areas as law, ethics, political science, economics, history, philosophy, and sociology in the U.S. and abroad. Included are a timeline of major events in the development of affirmative action in the U.S., from 1865 to the present, and the full texts of Gratz v. Bollinger and Grutter v. Bollinger--two landmark Supreme Court decisions of June 2003. For high school and college students; professionals in fields dealing with race, equality, and affirmative action; and general readers. Annotation : 2004 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com).

Author : Thom Brooks
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 594 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2017-07-05
Category : History
ISBN : 9781351552349

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Rawls and Law by Thom Brooks Pdf

John Rawls (1921-2002) is widely held to be amongst the most important political philosophers for over a century. This volume, which is the first work of its kind to publish in one place the most influential essays in the field, features articles on a wide range of subjects including constitutionalism, democratic theory, egalitarianism, feminism, global justice, political liberalism, the rule of law, and public reason. The collection informs scholars and students coming to the study of Rawls's work for the first time of the importance and complexity of Rawl's ideas, and sheds light on how these ideas might be further improved and applied.

Author : Richard Sander,Stuart Taylor Jr
Publisher : Basic Books
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2012-10-09
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780465030019

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Mismatch by Richard Sander,Stuart Taylor Jr Pdf

The debate over affirmative action has raged for over four decades, with little give on either side. Most agree that it began as noble effort to jump-start racial integration; many believe it devolved into a patently unfair system of quotas and concealment. Now, with the Supreme Court set to rule on a case that could sharply curtail the use of racial preferences in American universities, law professor Richard Sander and legal journalist Stuart Taylor offer a definitive account of what affirmative action has become, showing that while the objective is laudable, the effects have been anything but. Sander and Taylor have long admired affirmative action's original goals, but after many years of studying racial preferences, they have reached a controversial but undeniable conclusion: that preferences hurt underrepresented minorities far more than they help them. At the heart of affirmative action's failure is a simple phenomenon called mismatch. Using dramatic new data and numerous interviews with affected former students and university officials of color, the authors show how racial preferences often put students in competition with far better-prepared classmates, dooming many to fall so far behind that they can never catch up. Mismatch largely explains why, even though black applicants are more likely to enter college than whites with similar backgrounds, they are far less likely to finish; why there are so few black and Hispanic professionals with science and engineering degrees and doctorates; why black law graduates fail bar exams at four times the rate of whites; and why universities accept relatively affluent minorities over working class and poor people of all races. Sander and Taylor believe it is possible to achieve the goal of racial equality in higher education, but they argue that alternative policies -- such as full public disclosure of all preferential admission policies, a focused commitment to improving socioeconomic diversity on campuses, outreach to minority communities, and a renewed focus on K-12 schooling -- will go farther in achieving that goal than preferences, while also allowing applicants to make informed decisions. Bold, controversial, and deeply researched, Mismatch calls for a renewed examination of this most divisive of social programs -- and for reforms that will help realize the ultimate goal of racial equality.

Author : Thomas E. Weisskopf
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2004-07-31
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781135997304

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Affirmative Action in the United States and India by Thomas E. Weisskopf Pdf

Arguably, two of the most important national experiences with policies of positive discrimination in favor of historically disadvantaged ethnic or caste minority groups are the cases of 'Affirmative Action' in the United States and 'Reservation Policies' in India. This essential new book examines the consequences of affirmative action in both countries using a clear cost-benefit analysis. All those with an interest in affirmative action will appreciate the book's lucidity, use of evidence and policy implications.

Author : James P. Sterba
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1002097453

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Affirmative Action and Racial Preference by James P. Sterba Pdf

Preface One, Carl CohenPreface Two, James P. SterbaCasesSECTION ONE: WHY RACE PREFERENCE IS WRONG AND BAD, Carl Cohen Prologue: Wrongness and BadnessPART I: EQUALITY AND RACE PREFERENCE 1. Equality as a Moral Ideal2. Affirmative Action3. Race Preference: The Transformation of Affirmative ActionPART II: WHY RACE PREFERENCE IS WRONG 4. Race Preference Is Morally Wrong5. Race Preference Is Against the Law6. Race Preference Violates the ConstitutionPART III: WHY RACE PREFERENCE IS BAD 7. Race Preference Is Bad for the Minorities Preferred8. Race Preference Is Bad for the Universities that Give Preference9. Race Preference Is Bad for Society as a WholeEpilogue: The Future of Race PreferenceSECTION TWO: DEFENDING AFFIRMATIVE ACTION, DEFENDING PREFERENCES, James P. Sterba ...

Author : James Sterba
Publisher : Cornell University Press
Page : 145 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2011-01-15
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780801457609

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Affirmative Action for the Future by James Sterba Pdf

At a time when private and public institutions of higher education are reassessing their admissions policies in light of new economic conditions, Affirmative Action for the Future is a clarion call for the need to keep the door of opportunity open. In 2003, U.S. Supreme Court's Grutter and Gratz decisions vindicated the University of Michigan Law School's affirmative action program while striking down the particular affirmative action program used for undergraduates at the university. In 2006 and 2008, state referendums banned affirmative action in some states while upholding it in others. Taking these developments into account, James P. Sterba draws on his vast experience as a champion of affirmative action to mount a new moral and legal defense of the practice as a useful tool for social reform. Sterba documents the level of racial and sexual discrimination that still exists in the United States and then, arguing that diversity is a public good, he calls for expansion of the reach of affirmative action as a mechanism for encouraging true diversity. In his view, we must include in our understanding of affirmative action the need to favor those who come from economically disadvantaged backgrounds, regardless of race and sex. Elite colleges and universities could best facilitate opportunities for students from working-class and poor families, in Sterba's view, by cutting back on legacy and athletic preferences that overwhelmingly benefit wealthy white applicants.

Author : James A. Beckman
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 973 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2014-07-23
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9798216066026

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Controversies in Affirmative Action by James A. Beckman Pdf

An engaging and eclectic collection of essays from leading scholars on the subject, which looks at affirmative action past and present, analyzes its efficacy, its legacy, and its role in the future of the United States. This comprehensive, three-volume set explores the ways the United States has interpreted affirmative action and probes the effects of the policy from the perspectives of economics, law, philosophy, psychology, sociology, political science, and race relations. Expert contributors tackle a host of knotty issues, ranging from the history of affirmative action to the theories underpinning it. They show how affirmative action has been implemented over the years, discuss its legality and constitutionality, and speculate about its future. Volume one traces the origin and evolution of affirmative action. Volume two discusses modern applications and debates, and volume three delves into such areas as international practices and critical race theory. Standalone essays link cause and effect and past and present as they tackle intriguing—and important—questions. When does "affirmative action" become "reverse discrimination"? How many decades are too many for a "temporary" policy to remain in existence? Does race- or gender-based affirmative action violate the equal protection of law guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment? In raising such issues, the work encourages readers to come to their own conclusions about the policy and its future application.

Author : John D. Skrentny
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 327 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2018-12-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780226216423

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The The Ironies of Affirmative Action by John D. Skrentny Pdf

Affirmative action has been fiercely debated for more than a quarter of a century, producing much partisan literature, but little serious scholarship and almost nothing on its cultural and political origins. The Ironies of Affirmative Action is the first book-length, comprehensive, historical account of the development of affirmative action. Analyzing both the resistance from the Right and the support from the Left, Skrentny brings to light the unique moral culture that has shaped the affirmative action debate, allowing for starkly different policies for different citizens. He also shows, through an analysis of historical documents and court rulings, the complex and intriguing political circumstances which gave rise to these controversial policies. By exploring the mystery of how it took less than five years for a color-blind policy to give way to one that explicitly took race into account, Skrentny uncovers and explains surprising ironies: that affirmative action was largely created by white males and initially championed during the Nixon administration; that many civil rights leaders at first avoided advocacy of racial preferences; and that though originally a political taboo, almost no one resisted affirmative action. With its focus on the historical and cultural context of policy elites, The Ironies of Affirmative Action challenges dominant views of policymaking and politics.

Author : Carl Cohen
Publisher : Madison Books
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 1995-09-12
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781461704218

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Naked Racial Preference by Carl Cohen Pdf

From landmark court cases on affirmative action to their consequences, a study on why such preferences are morally wrong, unlawful, and indefensible.