The Vertebrate Integument Volume 1

Author : Theagarten Lingham-Soliar
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2014-02-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642537486

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The Vertebrate IntegumentVolume 1 by Theagarten Lingham-Soliar Pdf

The vertebrate integument arose about 450 million years ago as an ‘armour’ of dermal bony plates in small, jawless fish-like creatures, informally known as the ostracoderms. This book reviews the major changes that have occurred in the vertebrate integument from its beginnings to the present day. Critical questions concerning the origin, structure and functional biology of the bony integument are discussed and intrinsically linked to major steps in vertebrate evolution and phylogeny—the origin of jaws and the origin of teeth. The discussions include the origins of mineralization of major vertebrate skeletal components such as the dermatocranium, branchial arches and vertebral column. The advances that led to the origin of modern fishes and their phylogenetic development are reviewed and include the evolution of fins and replacement of the bony plates with several types of dermal scales. The evolution of reptiles saw a major transformation of the integument, with the epidermis becoming the protective outermost layer, from which the scales arose, while the dermis lay below it. The biological significance of the newly-evolved β-keratin in reptilian scales, among the toughest natural materials known, is discussed in the context of its major contribution to the great success of reptiles and to the evolution of feathers and avian flight. The dermis in many vertebrates is strengthened by layers of oppositely oriented cross-fibres, now firmly entrenched as a design principle of biomechanics. Throughout the book conventional ideas are discussed and a number of new hypotheses are presented in light of the latest developments. The long evolutionary history of vertebrates indicates that the significance of the Darwinian concept of “survival of the fittest” may be overstated, including in our own mammalian origins and that chance often plays a major role in evolutionary patterns. Extensive illustrations are included to support the verbal descriptions. Professor Theagarten Lingham-Soliar is in the Department of Life Sciences at the University of KwaZulu-Natal.

Author : Theagarten Lingham-Soliar
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 284 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2014-03-31
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 3642537499

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The Vertebrate Integument Volume 1 by Theagarten Lingham-Soliar Pdf

Author : Theagarten Lingham-Soliar
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2015
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 3662460068

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The Vertebrate Integument Volume 2 by Theagarten Lingham-Soliar Pdf

Author : Theagarten Lingham-Soliar
Publisher : Springer
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2015-02-18
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783662460054

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The Vertebrate Integument Volume 2 by Theagarten Lingham-Soliar Pdf

The emphasis in this volume is on the structure and functional design of the integument. The book starts with a brief introduction to some basic principles of physics (mechanics) including Newton’s Three Laws of Motion. These principles are subsequently used to interpret the problems animals encounter in motion. It is in only the last 40 or so years that we have begun to understand how important a role the integument plays in the locomotion of many marine vertebrates. This involves the crossed-fiber architecture, which was first discovered in a classic study on nemertean worms. As a design principle we see that the crossed-fiber architecture is ubiquitous in nature. Research on some of the most dynamic marine vertebrates of the oceans – tuna, dolphins and sharks, and the extinct Jurassic ichthyosaurs – shows precisely how the crossed-fiber architecture contributes to high-speed swimming and (in lamnid sharks) may even aid in energy conservation. However, this design principle is not restricted to animals in the marine biota but is also found as far afield as the dinosaurs and, most recently, has been revealed as a major part of the microstructure of the most complex derivative of the integument, the feather. We see that a variety of phylogenetically diverse vertebrates take to the air by using skin flaps to glide from tree to tree or to the ground, and present detailed descriptions of innovations developed in pursuit of improved gliding capabilities in both extinct and modern day gliders. But the vertebrate integument had even greater things in store, namely true or flapping flight. Pterosaurs were the first vertebrates to use the integument as a membrane in true flapping flight and these interesting extinct animals are discussed on the basis of past and cutting-edge research , most intriguingly with respect to the structure of the flight membrane. Bats, the only mammals that fly, also employ integumental flight membranes. Classic research on bat flight is reviewed and supplemented with the latest research, which shows the complexities of the wing beat cycle to be significantly different from that of birds, as revealed by particle image velocimetry. The book’s largest chapter is devoted to birds, given that they make up nearly half of the over 22,000 species of tetrapods. The flight apparatus of birds is unique in nature and is described in great detail, with innovative research highlighting the complexity of the flight structures, bird flight patterns, and behavior in a variety of species. This is complimented by new research on the brains of birds, which shows that they are more complex than previously thought. The feather made bird flight possible, and was itself made possible by β-keratin, contributing to what may be a unique biomechanical microstructure in nature, a topic discussed in some depth. A highly polarized subject concerns the origin of birds and of the feather. Alleged fossilized protofeathers (primal simple feathers) are considered on the basis of histological and taphonomic investigative studies in Chapter 6. Finally, in Chapter 7 we discuss the controversies associated with this field of research. Professor Theagarten Lingham-Soliar works at the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth and is an Honorary Professor of Life Sciences at the University of KwaZulu-Natal.

Author : Theagarten Lingham-Soliar
Publisher : Springer
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2015-03-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 3662460041

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The Vertebrate Integument Volume 2 by Theagarten Lingham-Soliar Pdf

The emphasis in this volume is on the structure and functional design of the integument. The book starts with a brief introduction to some basic principles of physics (mechanics) including Newton’s Three Laws of Motion. These principles are subsequently used to interpret the problems animals encounter in motion. It is in only the last 40 or so years that we have begun to understand how important a role the integument plays in the locomotion of many marine vertebrates. This involves the crossed-fiber architecture, which was first discovered in a classic study on nemertean worms. As a design principle we see that the crossed-fiber architecture is ubiquitous in nature. Research on some of the most dynamic marine vertebrates of the oceans – tuna, dolphins and sharks, and the extinct Jurassic ichthyosaurs – shows precisely how the crossed-fiber architecture contributes to high-speed swimming and (in lamnid sharks) may even aid in energy conservation. However, this design principle is not restricted to animals in the marine biota but is also found as far afield as the dinosaurs and, most recently, has been revealed as a major part of the microstructure of the most complex derivative of the integument, the feather. We see that a variety of phylogenetically diverse vertebrates take to the air by using skin flaps to glide from tree to tree or to the ground, and present detailed descriptions of innovations developed in pursuit of improved gliding capabilities in both extinct and modern day gliders. But the vertebrate integument had even greater things in store, namely true or flapping flight. Pterosaurs were the first vertebrates to use the integument as a membrane in true flapping flight and these interesting extinct animals are discussed on the basis of past and cutting-edge research , most intriguingly with respect to the structure of the flight membrane. Bats, the only mammals that fly, also employ integumental flight membranes. Classic research on bat flight is reviewed and supplemented with the latest research, which shows the complexities of the wing beat cycle to be significantly different from that of birds, as revealed by particle image velocimetry. The book’s largest chapter is devoted to birds, given that they make up nearly half of the over 22,000 species of tetrapods. The flight apparatus of birds is unique in nature and is described in great detail, with innovative research highlighting the complexity of the flight structures, bird flight patterns, and behavior in a variety of species. This is complimented by new research on the brains of birds, which shows that they are more complex than previously thought. The feather made bird flight possible, and was itself made possible by β-keratin, contributing to what may be a unique biomechanical microstructure in nature, a topic discussed in some depth. A highly polarized subject concerns the origin of birds and of the feather. Alleged fossilized protofeathers (primal simple feathers) are considered on the basis of histological and taphonomic investigative studies in Chapter 6. Finally, in Chapter 7 we discuss the controversies associated with this field of research. Professor Theagarten Lingham-Soliar works at the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth and is an Honorary Professor of Life Sciences at the University of KwaZulu-Natal.

Author : J. Bereiter-Hahn,A.G. Matoltsy,K.S. Richards
Publisher : Springer
Page : 880 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 1986-01-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 3540132449

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Biology of the Integument by J. Bereiter-Hahn,A.G. Matoltsy,K.S. Richards Pdf

The integument plays an important role in the survival of meta zoans by separating and protecting them from a hostile environ ment. Its function ranges from protection against injury and in fection, participation in the regulation of body temperature and water balance, to respiratory activity, monitoring of the environ ment and production of signals related to behaviour. All these result from specific structural, biochemical and physiological properties of intra-and extracellular components of the integu ment. Thus its characterization can be best accomplished by a multidisciplinary approach with authors specialized in different fields of science. This multi-author book, in two volumes, provides an up-to date survey of the literature. The first volume deals with the integument of invertebrates, the second with that of vertebrates, both organized primarily on a phylum basis. As the level of knowledge on the integument of phyla differs considerably, the information provided is correspondingly either limited or con densed. For some of the smaller groups of invertebrates little information is available, as often only a few electron micrographs are to be found in the literature ; on the other hand, from the large body of knowledge existing for vertebrates, particularly for mammals, no complete overview can be provided, but publica tions giving access to further information have been reviewed critically.

Author : J. Bereiter-Hahn,A.G. Matoltsy,K.S. Richards
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 870 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2013-04-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783662009895

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Biology of the Integument by J. Bereiter-Hahn,A.G. Matoltsy,K.S. Richards Pdf

The integument plays an important role in the survival of meta zoans by separating and protecting them from a hostile environ ment. Its function ranges from protection against injury and in fection, participation in the regulation of body temperature and water balance, to respiratory activity, monitoring of the environ ment and production of signals related to behaviour. All these result from specific structural, biochemical and physiological properties of intra-and extracellular components of the integu ment. Thus its characterization can be best accomplished by a multidisciplinary approach with authors specialized in different fields of science. This multi-author book, in two volumes, provides an up-to date survey of the literature. The first volume deals with the integument of invertebrates, the second with that of vertebrates, both organized primarily on a phylum basis. As the level of knowledge on the integument of phyla differs considerably, the information provided is correspondingly either limited or con densed. For some of the smaller groups of invertebrates little information is available, as often only a few electron micrographs are to be found in the literature ; on the other hand, from the large body of knowledge existing for vertebrates, particularly for mammals, no complete overview can be provided, but publica tions giving access to further information have been reviewed critically.

Author : J N Maina
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2019-04-23
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781482294309

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Biological Systems in Vertebrates, Vol. 1 by J N Maina Pdf

Gives an account of the morphologies of vertebrate respiratory organs and attempts to explicate the basis of the common and different structural and functional designs and stratagems that have evolved for acquisition of molecular oxygen. The book has been written with a broad readership in mind: students of biology as well as experts in the discipl

Author : Oluyinka A Olukosi,Victor Olori,Ariane Helmbrecht,Sarah Lambton,Nick French
Publisher : CABI
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2019-03-11
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781786395115

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Poultry Feathers and Skin by Oluyinka A Olukosi,Victor Olori,Ariane Helmbrecht,Sarah Lambton,Nick French Pdf

The feathers and skin in birds are the first line of defence, but are also important in helping the bird to maintain a stable internal temperature, facilitate integral mobility and ensure successful mating in some species. For poultry, the physical conditions of feathers and skin are important barometers to assess the impact of management and ensure health and welfare. Based on the proceedings of a recent symposium, this book documents the significant developments that have been made in our understanding of the importance of the integument to poultry species. The book: Traces the development of the integument over time and discusses our current understanding of its embryonic development. Includes a broad range of studies covering genetics, welfare, health, nutrition, and management. Promotes research opportunities in an under-studied field. Providing a comprehensive yet concise summary of the available research, this book is an invaluable resource for both the poultry industry and for researchers in animal science and welfare at undergraduate and graduate levels.

Author : Stephen J. Divers,Scott J. Stahl
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
Page : 1537 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2018-11-30
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780323482486

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Mader's Reptile and Amphibian Medicine and Surgery- E-Book by Stephen J. Divers,Scott J. Stahl Pdf

Known as "the bible" of herpetological medicine and surgery, Mader’s Reptile and Amphibian Medicine and Surgery, 3rd Edition edited by Stephen Divers and Scott Stahl provides a complete veterinary reference for reptiles and amphibians, including specific sections on practice management and development; taxonomy, anatomy, physiology, behavior, stress and welfare; captive husbandry and management including nutrition, heating and lighting; infectious diseases and laboratory sciences; clinical techniques and procedures; sedation, anesthesia and analgesia; diagnostic imaging; endoscopy; medicine; surgery; therapy; differential diagnoses by clinical signs; specific disease/condition summaries; population health and public health; and legal topics. Well-organized and concise, this new edition covers just about everything related to reptiles and amphibians by utilizing an international array of contributing authors that were selected based on their recognized specialization and expertise, bringing a truly global perspective to this essential text!

Author : Vincent Bels,Ian Q. Whishaw
Publisher : Springer
Page : 865 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2019-04-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030137397

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Feeding in Vertebrates by Vincent Bels,Ian Q. Whishaw Pdf

This book provides students and researchers with reviews of biological questions related to the evolution of feeding by vertebrates in aquatic and terrestrial environments. Based on recent technical developments and novel conceptual approaches, the book covers functional questions on trophic behavior in nearly all vertebrate groups including jawless fishes. The book describes mechanisms and theories for understanding the relationships between feeding structure and feeding behavior. Finally, the book demonstrates the importance of adopting an integrative approach to the trophic system in order to understand evolutionary mechanisms across the biodiversity of vertebrates.

Author : J. Bereiter-Hahn,A.G. Matoltsy,K.S. Richards
Publisher : Springer
Page : 868 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 1984-05-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 3540130624

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Biology of the Integument by J. Bereiter-Hahn,A.G. Matoltsy,K.S. Richards Pdf

The integument plays an important role in the survival of meta zoans by separating and protecting them from a hostile environ ment. Its function ranges from protection against injury and in fection; partlcipation in the regulation of body temperature and water balance, to respiratory activity, monitoring of the environ ment and production of signals related to behaviour. All these result from specific structural, biochemical and physiological properties of intra-and extracellular components of the integu ment. Thus its characterization can be best accomplished by a multidisciplinary approach with authors specialized in different fields of science. This multi-author book, in two volumes, provides an up-to date survey of the literature. The first volume deals with the integument of invertebrates, the second with that of vertebrates, both organized primarily on a phylum basis. As the level of knowledge on the integument of phyla differs considerably, the information provided is correspondingly either limited or con densed. For some of the smaller groups of invertebrates little information is available, as often only a few electron micrographs are to be found in the literature; on the other hand, from the large body of knowledge existing for vertebrates, particularly for mammals, no complete overview can be provided, but publica tions giving access to further information have been reviewed critically.

Author : Harold Heatwole
Publisher : Surrey Beatty and Sons
Page : 418 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Amphibians
ISBN : 094932454X

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Amphibian Biology: The integument by Harold Heatwole Pdf

First in a multi-volume work dealing with amphibian biology. This volume discusses the development and structure of amphibian skin, the multiple functions of the skin, the chemistry of skin pigments and secretions, and their importance to amphibians. Also provides a chapter on the biological activity and medical uses of various compounds associated with amphibian skin. Includes references and index. Contributors are internationally acknowledged experts in their field.

Author : Frank Zachos,Robert Asher
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 822 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2018-10-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783110382549

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Mammalian Evolution, Diversity and Systematics by Frank Zachos,Robert Asher Pdf

There are nearly 6,000 mammalian species, among them our own. Research on our evolutionary cousins has a long history, but the last 20 years have seen particularly rapid progress in disentangling the interrelationships and evolutionary history of mammals. The present volume combines up-to-date reviews on mammalian phylogenetics with paleontological, taxonomic and evolutionary chapters and also summarizes the historical development of our insights in mammalian relationships, and thus our own place in the Tree of Life. Our book places the present biodiversity crisis in context, with one in four mammal species threatened by extinction, and reviews the distribution and conservation of mammalian diversity across the globe. This volume is the introductory tome to the new Mammalia series of the Handbook of Zoology and will be essential reading for mammalogists, zoologists and conservationists alike.

Author : Tony Burns,Stephen M. Breathnach,Neil Cox,Christopher Griffiths
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 4193 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2008-04-15
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781405141048

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Rook's Textbook of Dermatology by Tony Burns,Stephen M. Breathnach,Neil Cox,Christopher Griffiths Pdf

The late Arthur Rook established the Textbook of Dermatologyas the most comprehensive work of reference available to thedermatologist and it enjoys instant name recognition. Eachsubsequent edition has been expanded as the subject has developedand the book remains the ultimate source of clinical informationfor the trainee and practising dermatologist alike. Rook's Textbook of Dermatology covers all aspects of skindisease from basic science through pathology and epidemiology toclinical practice. Long recognized for its unparalleled coverage ofdiagnosis, this clinical classic earned its reputation as adefinitive source of information. New features of this Seventh Edition include: Two new Editors, Neil Cox and Christopher Griffiths, join theteam Every chapter is updated and several are completely rewrittenfrom scratch Completely new chapter on AIDS and the Skin Traditional emphasis on diagnosis preserved More coverage of treatment in each of the disease-specificchapters