The West African Manilla Currency

Author : Rolf Denk
Publisher : tredition
Page : 370 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2021-03-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783347284876

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The West African Manilla Currency by Rolf Denk Pdf

Prof . Dr Rolf Denk, born in Düsseldorf in 1935, worked as a dermatologist in the Mainz University Hospital and afterwards in his own specialist practice in Rüsselsheim. In 1978 he and other collectors were among the founders of the European Union to Search for, Collect, and Preserve Primitive and Curious Money (EUCOPRIMO). In 1981 he took over the editing of the journal Der Primitivgeldsammler. After completing his medical career, he devoted himself more to the research of early indigenous means of payment. 110 own publications have appeared on this topic. In 2017 he published the monograph "Das Manillen-Geld West Afrikas" of which he now presents a revised and extended edition in English. The currency manillas discussed in this book are open metal rings that were used by Europeans as means of payment in trade with the local population from the mid-15th to mid-20th century in various areas of the West Coast of Africa. All currency manillas were made in Europe and are not indigenous products. Therefore is not correct and misleading to designate the foot, arm and neck rings produced in the country itself as manillas. The early Portuguese manillas, also called tacoais, were largely produced according to Portuguese specifications in Flanders and Germany. They are heavier and larger than the so-called Birmingham manillas, which originated in England and were mainly exported to southern Nigeria, where they were in circulation as market money with the Igbo and Ibibo. An intermediate position in terms of shape, weight and metal composition is occupied by the popo manillas, probably produced in England and France and mainly used in the Ivory Coast. On the basis of extensive literature research, an attempt is made to obtain more precise data on the production, use and typification of the different currency manillas and to show their clear distinction from the indigenous metal rings.

Author : John Barraclough De Loynes
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 86 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 1974
Category : Currency question
ISBN : STANFORD:36105081222072

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A History of the West African Currency Board by John Barraclough De Loynes Pdf

Author : Wale Adebanwi
Publisher : Boydell & Brewer
Page : 386 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : History
ISBN : 9781847011657

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The Political Economy of Everyday Life in Africa by Wale Adebanwi Pdf

Multi-disciplinary examination of the role of ordinary African people as agents in the generation and distribution of well-being in modern Africa.

Author : David Pratten
Publisher : Edinburgh University Press
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2007-06-19
Category : History
ISBN : 9780748631001

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Man-Leopard Murders by David Pratten Pdf

This book is an account of murder and politics in Africa, and an historical ethnography of southern Annang communities during the colonial period. Its narrative leads to events between 1945 and 1948 when the imperial gaze of police, press and politicians was focused on a series of mysterious deaths in south-eastern Nigeria attributed to the 'man-leopard society'. These murder mysteries, reported as the 'biggest, strangest murder hunt in the world', were not just forensic but also related to the broad historical impact of commercial, Christian and colonial aid relations on Annang society.

Author : Mary Ellen Snodgrass
Publisher : McFarland
Page : 407 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2019-07-29
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781476677965

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Coins and Currency by Mary Ellen Snodgrass Pdf

 During ancient times currency took varied forms, including beaver skins, bales of tobacco, and sea salt blocks. As art and technology advanced, monetary systems and currencies altered. Today, coins and currency provide an historical and archeological record of culture, religion, politics, and world leaders. This updated second edition offers numerous entries of historical commentary on the role of coins and currency in human events, politics, and the arts. It begins with the origin of coins in ancient Sumer, and follows advancements in metallurgy and minting machines to paper, plastic, and electronic moneys designed to ease trade and halt counterfeiting and other forms of theft. A timeline of monetary history is provided along with a glossary and bibliography. Numerous photographs of coins and bills provide an up-close look at beautiful and ingenious artifacts.

Author : Mr.Saleh M. Nsouli,Mr.Klaus-Walter Riechel,Mr.John B. McLenaghan
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 56 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 1982-08-16
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1557750599

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Currency Convertibility in the Economic Community of West African States by Mr.Saleh M. Nsouli,Mr.Klaus-Walter Riechel,Mr.John B. McLenaghan Pdf

One of the principal aims of the effort to integrate the economies of the 16 member countries of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) is to expand intra-Community trade. This objective is to be achieved partly through the elimination of quantitive and other restrictions on trade.

Author : Toyin Falola
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 426 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2023-12-29
Category : History
ISBN : 9781003801665

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A History of West Africa by Toyin Falola Pdf

This book introduces readers to the rich and fascinating history of West Africa, stretching all the way back to the stone age, and right up to the modern day. Over the course of twenty seven short and engaging chapters, the book delves into the social, cultural, economic and political history of West Africa, through prehistory, revolutions, ancient empires, thriving trade networks, religious traditions, and then the devastating impact of the Trans-Atlantic slave trade and subsequent colonial rule. The book reflects on the struggle for independence and investigates how politics and economics developed in the post-colonial period. By the end of the book, readers will have a detailed understanding of the fascinating and diverse range of cultures to be found in West Africa, and of how the region relates to the rest of the world. Drawing on decades of teaching and research experience, this book will serve as an excellent textbook for entry-level History and African Studies courses, as well as providing a perfect general introduction to anyone interested in finding out about West Africa.

Author : United States Mint
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 290 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 1930
Category : Coinage
ISBN : UIUC:30112068051215

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Annual Report of the Director of the Mint by United States Mint Pdf

Author : Fouad Sabry
Publisher : One Billion Knowledgeable
Page : 459 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2024-01-25
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : PKEY:6610000517510

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Currency by Fouad Sabry Pdf

What is Currency Currency is a standardization of money in any form, in use or circulation as a medium of exchange, such as banknotes and coins. Currency can be used to refer to any type of money. A currency is a system of money that is used in a common manner within a particular setting throughout a period of time, particularly for the general population of a nation state. This is a more generic meaning of the term. As per this particular definition, the British Pound sterling, euros, Japanese yen, and United States dollars are all instances of fiat currencies that are issued by the government. In addition to serving as a means of storing value, currencies can also be transferred between countries on foreign exchange markets. These markets are responsible for determining the relative values of the various currencies. In this sense, currencies are either chosen by users or legislated by governments, and each form has limited bounds of acceptance; for example, legal tender rules may require a specific unit of account for payments to government entities. Each type of currency has its own defined boundaries of acceptance. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Currency Chapter 2: Gold standard Chapter 3: Seigniorage Chapter 4: Afghan afghani Chapter 5: Philippine peso Chapter 6: Legal tender Chapter 7: Hong Kong dollar Chapter 8: Argentine peso Chapter 9: Singapore dollar Chapter 10: Indian rupee Chapter 11: Cuban peso Chapter 12: Convertibility Chapter 13: Bermudian dollar Chapter 14: Soviet ruble Chapter 15: History of the United States dollar Chapter 16: History of the Canadian dollar Chapter 17: Japanese currency Chapter 18: Money Chapter 19: United States dollar Chapter 20: Fiat money Chapter 21: Paper money of the Qing dynasty (II) Answering the public top questions about currency. (III) Real world examples for the usage of currency in many fields. Who this book is for Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of Currency.

Author : Fouad Sabry
Publisher : One Billion Knowledgeable
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2024-01-29
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : PKEY:6610000516414

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Local Currency by Fouad Sabry Pdf

What is Local Currency A local currency is a type of currency that can be used to make purchases at participating organizations within a specific geographical area. This type of currency is used in economics. The difference between a community currency and a regional currency is that the former may be local, while the latter may be used for transaction within an online community. Regional currencies include a greater geographical area than community currencies do. To stimulate spending inside a local community, particularly with locally owned enterprises, a local currency serves as a complimentary currency to a national currency rather than replacing it. Its primary objective is to encourage spending within the community. It is possible that such currencies are not accepted as legal cash and are not supported by a national government. The worldwide database maintained by the Complementary Currency Resource Center has listings for over 300 complementary currencies, which also includes local currencies. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Local currency Chapter 2: Barter Chapter 3: Currency Chapter 4: Local exchange trading system Chapter 5: Virtual economy Chapter 6: Time-based currency Chapter 7: Complementary currency Chapter 8: Chiemgauer Chapter 9: Private currency Chapter 10: Demurrage (currency) Chapter 11: WIR Bank Chapter 12: Virtual currency Chapter 13: Money Chapter 14: Totnes pound Chapter 15: The Future of Money Chapter 16: Margrit Kennedy Chapter 17: Emissions Reduction Currency System Chapter 18: Fiscal localism Chapter 19: Community Exchange System Chapter 20: Bristol pound Chapter 21: Sarafu-Credit (II) Answering the public top questions about local currency. (III) Real world examples for the usage of local currency in many fields. Who this book is for Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of Local Currency.

Author : Fouad Sabry
Publisher : One Billion Knowledgeable
Page : 321 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2024-01-25
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : PKEY:6610000515134

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Reserve Currency by Fouad Sabry Pdf

What is Reserve Currency Reserve currencies are foreign currencies that are held in considerable quantities by central banks or other monetary authorities as part of their foreign exchange reserves. Reserve currencies are also known as reserve currencies. All areas of the global economy, including foreign transactions, international investments, and financial activities, are able to make use of the reserve currency. Additionally, it is frequently referred to as a hard money or a safe-haven currency. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Reserve currency Chapter 2: Currency Chapter 3: Special drawing rights Chapter 4: Currency substitution Chapter 5: Global financial system Chapter 6: Hard currency Chapter 7: Balance of payments Chapter 8: Bretton Woods system Chapter 9: Currency board Chapter 10: Foreign exchange reserves Chapter 11: Time-based currency Chapter 12: Triffin dilemma Chapter 13: Bancor Chapter 14: World currency Chapter 15: Monetary hegemony Chapter 16: International monetary system Chapter 17: London Gold Pool Chapter 18: Currency basket Chapter 19: International use of the U.S. dollar Chapter 20: Foreign-exchange reserves of India Chapter 21: China and the International Monetary Fund (II) Answering the public top questions about reserve currency. (III) Real world examples for the usage of reserve currency in many fields. Who this book is for Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of Reserve Currency.

Author : Fouad Sabry
Publisher : One Billion Knowledgeable
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2024-01-25
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : PKEY:6610000515189

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Time Based Currency by Fouad Sabry Pdf

What is Time Based Currency An alternative currency or exchange system that uses the person-hour or any other time unit as the unit of account is referred to as a time-based currency in the field of economics. In some time-based currencies, the contributions of all individuals are valued equally; for example, one hour is equivalent to one service credit. In these types of systems, one individual donates their time to work for another individual for a period of one hour. As a result, the individual receives credit for one hour, which they may then exchange for an additional hour of labor from another volunteer. The time units that are utilized by certain individuals may be fractions of an hour. In spite of the fact that the majority of time-based exchange systems are service exchanges, which means that the majority of exchanges require the provision of services that can be measured in a time unit, it is also possible to exchange goods by "pricing" them in terms of the average national hourly wage rate. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Time-based currency Chapter 2: Currency Chapter 3: Ithaca Hours Chapter 4: Local currency Chapter 5: Seigniorage Chapter 6: Local exchange trading system Chapter 7: Money supply Chapter 8: Central Bank of Malaysia Chapter 9: Foreign exchange market Chapter 10: Japanese yen Chapter 11: International finance Chapter 12: Complementary currency Chapter 13: Mutual credit Chapter 14: Money Chapter 15: Currency transaction tax Chapter 16: Fiscal localism Chapter 17: Community Exchange System Chapter 18: CLS Group Chapter 19: Non-monetary economy Chapter 20: Edgar S. Cahn Chapter 21: Teruko Mizushima (II) Answering the public top questions about time based currency. (III) Real world examples for the usage of time based currency in many fields. Who this book is for Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of Time Based Currency.

Author : Karin Pallaver
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 309 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2021-11-16
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783030834616

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Monetary Transitions by Karin Pallaver Pdf

This book uses money as a lens through which to analyze the social and economic impact of colonialism on African societies and institutions. It is the first book to address the monetary history of the colonial period in a comprehensive way, covering several areas of the continent and different periods, with the ultimate aim of understanding the long-term impact of colonial monetary policies on African societies. While grounding an understanding of money in terms of its circulation, acceptance and impact, this book shows first and foremost how the monetary systems that resulted from the imposition of colonial rule on African societies were not a replacement of the old currency systems with entirely new ones, but were rather the result of the convergence of different orders of value and monetary practices. By putting histories of people using money at the heart of the story, and connecting them to larger imperial policies, the volume provides a new and fresh perspective on the history of the establishment of colonial rule in Africa. This book is the result of a collaborative and interdisciplinary research project that has received funding by the Gerda Henkel Foundation. The contributors are both junior and senior scholars, based at universities in Europe, Africa, Asia and the US, who are all specialists on the history of money in Africa. It will appeal to an international audience of scholars and educators interested in African Studies and History, Economic History, Imperial and Colonial History, Development Studies, Monetary Studies.

Author : Andreas Robert Prindl
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 438 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 1977
Category : Africa, West
ISBN : STANFORD:36105081214913

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The West African Currency Board by Andreas Robert Prindl Pdf

Author : Michael S. Bisson,Terry S. Childs,Philip De Barros,Augustin F. C. Holl,O. Vogel, Joseph
Publisher : AltaMira Press
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2000-08-16
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781461705925

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Ancient African Metallurgy by Michael S. Bisson,Terry S. Childs,Philip De Barros,Augustin F. C. Holl,O. Vogel, Joseph Pdf

Gold. Copper. Iron. Metal working in Africa has been the subject of both public lore and extensive archaeological investigation. Here, four of the leading contemporary researchers on this topic attempt to provide a complete synthesis of current debates and understandings: Where, how, and when was metal first introduced to the continent? How were iron and copper tools, implements, and objects used in everyday life, in trade, in political and cultural contexts? What role did metal objects play in the ideological systems of precolonial African peoples? Substantive chapters address the origins of metal working and the technology and the various uses and meanings of copper and iron. An ethnoarchaeological account in the words of a contemporary iron worker enriches the archaeological explanations. This book provides a comprehensive, timely summary of our current knowledge.