Theories And Simulations Of Complex Social Systems

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Theories and Simulations of Complex Social Systems

Vahid Dabbaghian,Vijay Kumar Mago
Theories and Simulations of Complex Social Systems Book PDF

Author : Vahid Dabbaghian,Vijay Kumar Mago
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 204 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2013-10-27
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783642391491

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Theories and Simulations of Complex Social Systems by Vahid Dabbaghian,Vijay Kumar Mago Pdf

Research into social systems is challenging due to their complex nature. Traditional methods of analysis are often difficult to apply effectively as theories evolve over time. This can be due to a lack of appropriate data, or too much uncertainty. It can also be the result of problems which are not yet understood well enough in the general sense so that they can be classified, and an appropriate solution quickly identified. Simulation is one tool that deals well with these challenges, fits in well with the deductive process, and is useful for testing theory. This field is still relatively new, and much of the work is necessarily innovative, although it builds upon a rich and varied foundation. There are a number of existing modelling paradigms being applied to complex social systems research. Additionally, new methods and measures are being devised through the process of conducting research. We expect that readers will enjoy the collection of high quality research works from new and accomplished researchers.

Complex Social Systems in Dynamic Environments

Svetlana G. Maximova
Complex Social Systems in Dynamic Environments Book PDF

Author : Svetlana G. Maximova
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2023
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 3031238575

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Complex Social Systems in Dynamic Environments by Svetlana G. Maximova Pdf

This edited book considers social systems as self-organizing structures that reproduce new structural elements endowed with certain functional connections. The authors analyze innovative processes in social systems, leading to the sustainable convergence of knowledge and the emergence of technologies that improve the level of material well-being in society. The book summarizes research results in the field of digitalization and reveals deep connections with social problems. In addition, the book presents a whole array of innovative research on social systems management and the application of knowledge and intelligence to the solution of social problems. The contributing scholars and practitioners reflect on various types of social systems and assess the influence of disruptive factors from natural and coupled human-natural environments, discussing possible mechanisms for their neutralization. Sustainable development of social systems is among the most important tasks facing the contemporary world. The contributed book highlights challenges to the sustainability of social systems, draws sociotechnical images of the future world order generated by the rapid development of intellectual technologies, and critically analyzes promising concepts for more sustainable social future. Among the discussed topics in the book are social governance, digital economy, technological landscapes, social systems modeling and simulation, cyber-social systems, knowledge-based innovation systems, complex processes in social systems, institutional arrangements, and other advancing research areas. The high-quality and original studies presented in the book appeal to those interested in broadening their perspectives on complexity science, complex social systems research, complex systems management, advanced technological development in social systems, etc. Since the book is rich with well-thought theories, advanced research approaches, and interdisciplinary research results, it becomes a great source of new ideas and insights on complex social systems.

Social Self-Organization

Dirk Helbing
Social Self Organization Book PDF

Author : Dirk Helbing
Publisher : Springer
Page : 341 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2012-05-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642240041

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Social Self-Organization by Dirk Helbing Pdf

What are the principles that keep our society together? This question is even more difficult to answer than the long-standing question, what are the forces that keep our world together. However, the social challenges of humanity in the 21st century ranging from the financial crises to the impacts of globalization, require us to make fast progress in our understanding of how society works, and how our future can be managed in a resilient and sustainable way. This book can present only a few very first steps towards this ambitious goal. However, based on simple models of social interactions, one can already gain some surprising insights into the social, ``macro-level'' outcomes and dynamics that is implied by individual, ``micro-level'' interactions. Depending on the nature of these interactions, they may imply the spontaneous formation of social conventions or the birth of social cooperation, but also their sudden breakdown. This can end in deadly crowd disasters or tragedies of the commons (such as financial crises or environmental destruction). Furthermore, we demonstrate that classical modeling approaches (such as representative agent models) do not provide a sufficient understanding of the self-organization in social systems resulting from individual interactions. The consideration of randomness, spatial or network interdependencies, and nonlinear feedback effects turns out to be crucial to get fundamental insights into how social patterns and dynamics emerge. Given the explanation of sometimes counter-intuitive phenomena resulting from these features and their combination, our evolutionary modeling approach appears to be powerful and insightful. The chapters of this book range from a discussion of the modeling strategy for socio-economic systems over experimental issues up the right way of doing agent-based modeling. We furthermore discuss applications ranging from pedestrian and crowd dynamics over opinion formation, coordination, and cooperation up to conflict, and also address the response to information, issues of systemic risks in society and economics, and new approaches to manage complexity in socio-economic systems. Selected parts of this book had been previously published in peer reviewed journals.

The Dynamics and Evolution of Social Systems

Jürgen Klüver
The Dynamics and Evolution of Social Systems Book PDF

Author : Jürgen Klüver
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 297 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9789401595704

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The Dynamics and Evolution of Social Systems by Jürgen Klüver Pdf

When I started with this book several years ago I originally intended to write an introduction to mathematical systems theory for social scientists. Yet the more I thought about systems theory on the one side and theoretical sociology on the other the more I became convinced that the classical mathematical tools are not very well suited for the problems of sociology. Then I became acquainted with the researches on complex systems by the Santa Fe Institute and in particular with cellular automata, Boolean networks and genetic algorithms. These mathematically very simple but extremely efficient tools are, in my opinion, very well appropriate for modeling social dynamics. Therefore I tried to reformulate several classical problems of theoretical sociology in terms of these formal systems and outline new possibilities for a mathematical sociology which is able to join immediately on the great traditions of theoretical sociology. The result is this book; whether I succeeded with it is of course up to the readers. As the readers will perceive, the book could not have been written by me alone but only by the joint labors of the computer group at the Interdisciplinary Center of Research in Higher Education at the University of Essen. The members of the group, Christina Stoica, Jom Schmidt and Ralph Kier, are named in several subchapters as co-authors. Yet even more important than their contributions to this book were the permanent discussions with them and their patience with my new and very speculative ideas. Many thanks.

Social-Behavioral Modeling for Complex Systems

Paul K. Davis,Angela O'Mahony,Jonathan Pfautz
Social Behavioral Modeling for Complex Systems Book PDF

Author : Paul K. Davis,Angela O'Mahony,Jonathan Pfautz
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 992 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2019-03-13
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781119484981

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Social-Behavioral Modeling for Complex Systems by Paul K. Davis,Angela O'Mahony,Jonathan Pfautz Pdf

This volume describes frontiers in social-behavioral modeling for contexts as diverse as national security, health, and on-line social gaming. Recent scientific and technological advances have created exciting opportunities for such improvements. However, the book also identifies crucial scientific, ethical, and cultural challenges to be met if social-behavioral modeling is to achieve its potential. Doing so will require new methods, data sources, and technology. The volume discusses these, including those needed to achieve and maintain high standards of ethics and privacy. The result should be a new generation of modeling that will advance science and, separately, aid decision-making on major social and security-related subjects despite the myriad uncertainties and complexities of social phenomena. Intended to be relatively comprehensive in scope, the volume balances theory-driven, data-driven, and hybrid approaches. The latter may be rapidly iterative, as when artificial-intelligence methods are coupled with theory-driven insights to build models that are sound, comprehensible and usable in new situations. With the intent of being a milestone document that sketches a research agenda for the next decade, the volume draws on the wisdom, ideas and suggestions of many noted researchers who draw in turn from anthropology, communications, complexity science, computer science, defense planning, economics, engineering, health systems, medicine, neuroscience, physics, political science, psychology, public policy and sociology. In brief, the volume discusses: Cutting-edge challenges and opportunities in modeling for social and behavioral science Special requirements for achieving high standards of privacy and ethics New approaches for developing theory while exploiting both empirical and computational data Issues of reproducibility, communication, explanation, and validation Special requirements for models intended to inform decision making about complex social systems

Complex Systems and Society

Nicola Bellomo,Giulia Ajmone Marsan,Andrea Tosin
Complex Systems and Society Book PDF

Author : Nicola Bellomo,Giulia Ajmone Marsan,Andrea Tosin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 90 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2013-05-24
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781461472421

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Complex Systems and Society by Nicola Bellomo,Giulia Ajmone Marsan,Andrea Tosin Pdf

This work aims to foster the interdisciplinary dialogue between mathematicians and socio-economic scientists. Interaction among scholars and practitioners traditionally coming from different research areas is necessary more than ever in order to better understand many real-world problems we face today. On the one hand, mathematicians need economists and social scientists to better address the methodologies they design in a more realistic way; on the other hand, economists and social scientists need to be aware of sound mathematical modelling tools in order to understand and, ultimately, solve the complex problems they encounter in their research. With this goal in mind, this work is designed to take into account a multidisciplinary approach that will encourage the transfer of knowledge, ideas, and methodology from one discipline to the other. In particular, the work has three main themes: Demystifying and unravelling complex systems; Introducing models of individual behaviours in the social and economic sciences; Modelling socio-economic sciences as complex living systems. Specific tools examined in the work include a recently developed modelling approach using stochastic game theory within the framework of statistical mechanics and progressing up to modeling Darwinian evolution. Special attention is also devoted to social network theory as a fundamental instrument for the understanding of socio-economic systems.​

Complex Social and Behavioral Systems

Marilda Sotomayor,David Pérez-Castrillo,Filippo Castiglione
Complex Social and Behavioral Systems Book PDF

Author : Marilda Sotomayor,David Pérez-Castrillo,Filippo Castiglione
Publisher : Springer
Page : 939 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2020-08-22
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 1071603698

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Complex Social and Behavioral Systems by Marilda Sotomayor,David Pérez-Castrillo,Filippo Castiglione Pdf

This volume in the Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science, Second Edition, combines the main features of Game Theory, covering most of the fundamental theoretical aspects under the cooperative and non-cooperative approaches, with the procedures of Agent-Based Modeling for studying complex systems composed of a large number of interacting entities with many degrees of freedom. In Game Theory, the cooperative approach focuses on the possible outcomes of the decision-makers’ interaction by abstracting from the "rational" actions or decisions that may lead to these outcomes. The non-cooperative approach focuses on the actions that the decision-makers can take. As John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern argued in their path-breaking book of 1944 entitled Theory of Games and Economic Behavior, most economic questions should be analyzed as games. The models of game theory are abstract representations of a number of real-life situations and have applications to economics, political science, computer science, evolutionary biology, social psychology, and law among others. Agent-Based Modeling (ABM) is a relatively new computational modeling paradigm which aims to construct the computational counterpart of a conceptual model of the system under study on the basis of discrete entities (i.e., the agent) with some properties and behavioral rules, and then to simulate them in a computer to mimic the real phenomena. Given the relative immaturity of this modeling paradigm, and the broad spectrum of disciplines in which it is applied, a clear cut and widely accepted definition of high level concepts of agents, environment, interactions and so on, is still lacking. This volume explores the state-of-the-art in the development of a real ABM ontology to address the epistemological issues related to this emerging paradigm for modeling complex systems.

Modeling and Visualization of Complex Systems and Enterprises

William B. Rouse
Modeling and Visualization of Complex Systems and Enterprises Book PDF

Author : William B. Rouse
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2015-07-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781118959640

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Modeling and Visualization of Complex Systems and Enterprises by William B. Rouse Pdf

Explains multi-level models of enterprise systems and covers modeling methodology This book addresses the essential phenomena underlying the overall behaviors of complex systems and enterprises. Understanding these phenomena can enable improving these systems. These phenomena range from physical, behavioral, and organizational, to economic and social, all of which involve significant human components. Specific phenomena of interest and how they are represented depend on the questions of interest and the relevant domains or contexts. Modeling and Visualization of Complex Systems and Enterprises examines visualization of phenomena and how understanding the relationships among phenomena can provide the basis for understanding where deeper exploration is warranted. The author also reviews mathematical and computational models, defined very broadly across disciplines, which can enable deeper understanding. Presents a 10 step methodology for addressing questions associated with the design or operation of complex systems and enterprises Examines six archetypal enterprise problems including two from healthcare, two from urban systems, and one each from financial systems and defense systems Provides an introduction to the nature of complex systems, historical perspectives on complexity and complex adaptive systems, and the evolution of systems practice Modeling and Visualization of Complex Systems and Enterprises is written for graduate students studying systems science and engineering and professionals involved in systems science and engineering, those involved in complex systems such as healthcare delivery, urban systems, sustainable energy, financial systems, and national security.

Modelling Transitions

Enayat A. Moallemi,Fjalar J. de Haan
Modelling Transitions Book PDF

Author : Enayat A. Moallemi,Fjalar J. de Haan
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2019-11-28
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780429578779

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Modelling Transitions by Enayat A. Moallemi,Fjalar J. de Haan Pdf

Modelling Transitions shows what computational, formal and data-driven approaches can and could mean for sustainability transitions research, presenting the state-of-the-art and exploring what lies beyond. Featuring contributions from many well-known authors, this book presents the various benefits of modelling for transitions research. More than just taking stock, it also critically examines what modelling of transformative change means and could mean for transitions research and for other disciplines that study societal changes. This includes identifying a variety of approaches currently not part of the portfolios of transitions modellers. Far from only singing praise, critical methodological and philosophical introspection are key aspects of this important book. This book speaks to modellers and non-modellers alike who value the development of robust knowledge on transitions to sustainability, including colleagues in congenial fields. Be they students, researchers or practitioners, everyone interested in transitions should find this book relevant as reference, resource and guide.

Simulation of Complex Systems

Giovanni Volpe,Agnese Callegari,Aykut Argun
Simulation of Complex Systems Book PDF

Author : Giovanni Volpe,Agnese Callegari,Aykut Argun
Publisher : IOP Publishing Limited
Page : 120 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2022-04-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 0750338415

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Simulation of Complex Systems by Giovanni Volpe,Agnese Callegari,Aykut Argun Pdf

This book deals with the most fundamental and essential techniques to simulate complex systems, from the dynamics of molecules to the spreading of diseases, from optimization using ant colonies to the simulation of the Game of Life. Several natural systems found in physics, biology and engineering can be considered complex systems, because their behaviour is not easily predictable and is the result of complex interactions among their constituents. Examples of complex systems are a cell with its organelles, an organ, the human brain, social networks, transportation and communication systems, the stock market, ecosystems, systems with prey and predators, a swarm of bees. There are several specialized books focusing on different simulation methods, but there is not one fully devoted to complex systems. The "bottom-up" approach is innovative and allows the reader to conduct numerical experiments to explore the system's behaviour. Key Features: Composed of self-contained, independent chapters Illustrates simulation techniques in a broad range of fields from physics and biology to engineering, social science and economics Provides a hands-on approach with guided exercises Covers the fundamental numerical techniques in complex systems Ideal for self-study Contains supplementary example codes and video tutorials

Complex Systems in the Social and Behavioral Sciences

L. Douglas Kiel,Euel W. Elliott
Complex Systems in the Social and Behavioral Sciences Book PDF

Author : L. Douglas Kiel,Euel W. Elliott
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2021-06-22
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0472054880

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Complex Systems in the Social and Behavioral Sciences by L. Douglas Kiel,Euel W. Elliott Pdf

Complexity Systems in the Social and Behavioral Sciences provides a sophisticated yet accessible account of complexity science or complex systems research. Phenomena in the behavioral, social, and hard sciences all exhibit certain important similarities consistent with complex systems. These include the concept of emergence, sensitivity to initial conditions, and interactions between agents in a system that yield unanticipated, nonlinear outcomes. The topics discussed range from the implications for artificial intelligence and computing to questions about how to model complex systems through agent-based modeling, to complex phenomena exhibited in international relations, and in organizational behavior. This volume will be an invaluable addition for both the general reader and the specialist, offering new insights into this fascinating area of research.

Arguments, Cognition, and Science

André C. R. Martins
Arguments Cognition and Science Book PDF

Author : André C. R. Martins
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 221 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2020-05-26
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781786615084

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Arguments, Cognition, and Science by André C. R. Martins Pdf

Our reasoning evolved not for finding the truth, but for social bonding and convincing. The best logical methods humans have created provide no path to truth, unless something is assumed as true from the start. Other than that, we only have methods for attempting to measure uncertainty. This book highlights the consequences of these facts for scientific practice, and suggests how to correct the mistakes we still make. But even our best methods to measure uncertainty might require infinite resources to provide solid answers. This conclusion has important consequences for when and how much we can trust arguments and scientific results. The author suggests ways we can improve our current practices, and argues that theoretical work is a fundamental part of the most effective way to do science.

The Oxford Handbook of Environmental Criminology

Gerben J.N. Bruinsma,Shane D. Johnson
The Oxford Handbook of Environmental Criminology Book PDF

Author : Gerben J.N. Bruinsma,Shane D. Johnson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 904 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2018-02-08
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780190279714

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The Oxford Handbook of Environmental Criminology by Gerben J.N. Bruinsma,Shane D. Johnson Pdf

The study of how the environment, local geography, and physical locations influence crime has a long history that stretches across many research traditions. These include the neighborhood effects approach developed in the 1920s, the criminology of place, and a newer approach that attends to the perception of crime in communities. Aided by new technologies and improved data-reporting in recent decades, research in environmental criminology has developed rapidly within each of these approaches. Yet research in the subfield remains fragmented and competing theories are rarely examined together. The Oxford Handbook of Environmental Criminology takes a unique approach and synthesizes the contributions of existing methods to better integrate the subfield as a whole. Gerben J.N. Bruinsma and Shane D. Johnson have assembled a cast of top scholars to provide an in-depth source for understanding how and why physical setting can influence the emergence of crime, affect the environment, and impact individual or group behavior. The contributors address how changes in the environment, global connectivity, and technology provide more criminal opportunities and new ways of committing old crimes. They also explore how crimes committed in countries with distinct cultural practices like China and West Africa might lead to different spatial patterns of crime. This is a state-of-the-art compendium on environmental criminology that reflects the diverse research and theory developed across the western world.

The Growth of Social Knowledge

Jacek Szmatka,Michael Lovaglia,Kinga Wysienska
The Growth of Social Knowledge Book PDF

Author : Jacek Szmatka,Michael Lovaglia,Kinga Wysienska
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2002-10-30
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780313013553

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The Growth of Social Knowledge by Jacek Szmatka,Michael Lovaglia,Kinga Wysienska Pdf

This timely, comprehensive analysis of the latest advances in group processes research shows how cutting edge technologies, such as laboratory experiments, simulations, and complex systems combine with the rigor of cumulative research programs to change the way we see the social world. Group processes researchers study society scientifically, and have used sociological theory to build scientific, cumulative knowledge about the social world. Over the last 20 years, they have been extremely successful in advancing this knowledge through the reciprocal interplay of theory and experiment. The synthesis of such knowledge—uniting theory, simulation, and experiment—provides substantive explanations for social phenomena and predictions about events in complex social systems. This volume explores aspects of this synthesis from the perspective of group processes research. Providing deep analyses of methodological issues related to the synthesis of the theories, simulations, and experiments of group processes research, the authors also offer empirical examples of various studies that have been conducted. They investigate the ways in which theoretical research programs coordinate theory and empirical research in sociology to produce scientific progress and how computer simulations have evolved into an important component of theoretical research programs. This illustration of the relationships between theory construction and the method of theory verification advances our understanding of the field and may lead to a radical shift in the methodology and substance of modern social science.

Leadership in Science and Technology: A Reference Handbook

William Sims Bainbridge
Leadership in Science and Technology A Reference Handbook Book PDF

Author : William Sims Bainbridge
Publisher : SAGE Publications
Page : 984 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2011-10-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781452266527

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Leadership in Science and Technology: A Reference Handbook by William Sims Bainbridge Pdf

This 2-volume set within the SAGE Reference Series on Leadership tackles issues relevant to leadership in the realm of science and technology. To encompass the key topics in this arena, this handbook features 100 topics arranged under eight headings. Volume 1 concentrates on general principles of science and technology leadership and includes sections on social-scientific perspectives on S&T leadership; key scientific concepts about leading and innovating in S&T; characteristics of S&T leaders and their environments; and strategies, tactics, and tools of S&T leadership. Volume 2 provides case studies of leadership in S&T, with sections considering leadership in informal communities of scientists and engineers; leadership in government projects and research initiatives; leadership in industry research, development, and innovation; and finally, leadership in education and university-based research. By focusing on key topics within 100 brief chapters, this unprecedented reference resource offers students more detailed information and depth of discussion than typically found in an encyclopedia entry but not as much jargon, detail or density as in a journal article or a research handbook chapter. Entries are written in language and style that is broadly accessible, and each is followed by cross-references and a brief bibliography and further readings. A detailed index and an online version of the work enhances accessibility for today's student audience.