Theory Of Science

Author : Ernest Sylvain Nagel
Publisher : JHU Press
Page : 104 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2019-12-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781421433264

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Observation and Theory in Science by Ernest Sylvain Nagel Pdf

Originally published in 1971. The three contributions collected in this volume deal with different aspects of a single theme—the logical status of scientific theories in their relation to observation. These lectures, authored by different thinkers, treat this theme in connection with some controversies in the philosophy of science. A nonspecialist who reads these lectures should realize that the theme itself is a perennial one with an ancient lineage. It has concerned philosophers from the earliest era of philosophy on down through the centuries. A central philosophical issue at stake in the lectures is the question of whether scientific theories are testable in terms of our observations such that we can know whether some theories are true and others false. Although differing in their emphases, all three contributors seek a more plausible and nonskeptical philosophical account of the status of scientific theories in relation to observation.

Author : George Gale
Publisher : McGraw-Hill Science, Engineering & Mathematics
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 1979
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : UOM:39015006705944

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Theory of Science by George Gale Pdf

Author : David I. Spivak
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 495 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2014-10-17
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780262320535

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Category Theory for the Sciences by David I. Spivak Pdf

An introduction to category theory as a rigorous, flexible, and coherent modeling language that can be used across the sciences. Category theory was invented in the 1940s to unify and synthesize different areas in mathematics, and it has proven remarkably successful in enabling powerful communication between disparate fields and subfields within mathematics. This book shows that category theory can be useful outside of mathematics as a rigorous, flexible, and coherent modeling language throughout the sciences. Information is inherently dynamic; the same ideas can be organized and reorganized in countless ways, and the ability to translate between such organizational structures is becoming increasingly important in the sciences. Category theory offers a unifying framework for information modeling that can facilitate the translation of knowledge between disciplines. Written in an engaging and straightforward style, and assuming little background in mathematics, the book is rigorous but accessible to non-mathematicians. Using databases as an entry to category theory, it begins with sets and functions, then introduces the reader to notions that are fundamental in mathematics: monoids, groups, orders, and graphs—categories in disguise. After explaining the “big three” concepts of category theory—categories, functors, and natural transformations—the book covers other topics, including limits, colimits, functor categories, sheaves, monads, and operads. The book explains category theory by examples and exercises rather than focusing on theorems and proofs. It includes more than 300 exercises, with solutions. Category Theory for the Sciences is intended to create a bridge between the vast array of mathematical concepts used by mathematicians and the models and frameworks of such scientific disciplines as computation, neuroscience, and physics.

Author : Peter Godfrey-Smith
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 412 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2021-07-16
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780226771137

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Theory and Reality by Peter Godfrey-Smith Pdf

How does science work? Does it tell us what the world is “really” like? What makes it different from other ways of understanding the universe? In Theory and Reality, Peter Godfrey-Smith addresses these questions by taking the reader on a grand tour of more than a hundred years of debate about science. The result is a completely accessible introduction to the main themes of the philosophy of science. Examples and asides engage the beginning student, a glossary of terms explains key concepts, and suggestions for further reading are included at the end of each chapter. Like no other text in this field, Theory and Reality combines a survey of recent history of the philosophy of science with current key debates that any beginning scholar or critical reader can follow. The second edition is thoroughly updated and expanded by the author with a new chapter on truth, simplicity, and models in science.

Author : Clifford Alan Hooker
Publisher : SUNY Press
Page : 494 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 1987-02-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 0887063160

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A Realistic Theory of Science by Clifford Alan Hooker Pdf

This book presents a clear and critical view of the orthodox logical empiricist tradition, pointing the way to significant developments for the understanding of science both as research and as culture. It summarizes the present confused and highly polarized status of the orthodox philosophy of science. It exhibits clearly the fundamental metaphysical and global presuppositions and confusions that have led to this status. It provides a positive point of view from which progress can be made toward understanding science as research done by real scientists rather than science as exemplifying some prior epistemological program created by philosophers. And it leads directly to an understanding of science as a dynamic force within our society with consequences for the environment and public policy.

Author : Roy Bhaskar
Publisher : Verso Books
Page : 367 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2020-05-05
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781789603538

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A Realist Theory of Science by Roy Bhaskar Pdf

A Realist Theory of Science is one of the few books that have changed our understanding of the philosophy of science. In this analysis of the natural sciences, with a particular focus on the experimental process itself, Roy Bhaskar provides a definitive critique of the traditional, positivist conception of science and stakes out an alternative, realist position. Since it original publication in 1975, a movement known as 'Critical Realism', which is both intellectually diverse and international in scope, has developed on the basis of key concepts outlined in the text. The book has been hailed in many quarters as a 'Copernican Revolution' in the study of the nature of science, and the implications of its account have been far-reaching for many fields of the humanities and social sciences.

Author : Jean Cavailles
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 143 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2021-04-27
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781913029418

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On Logic and the Theory of Science by Jean Cavailles Pdf

A new translation of the final work of French philosopher Jean Cavaillès. In this short, dense essay, Jean Cavaillès evaluates philosophical efforts to determine the origin—logical or ontological—of scientific thought, arguing that, rather than seeking to found science in original intentional acts, a priori meanings, or foundational logical relations, any adequate theory must involve a history of the concept. Cavaillès insists on a historical epistemology that is conceptual rather than phenomenological, and a logic that is dialectical rather than transcendental. His famous call (cited by Foucault) to abandon "a philosophy of consciousness" for "a philosophy of the concept" was crucial in displacing the focus of philosophical enquiry from aprioristic foundations toward structural historical shifts in the conceptual fabric. This new translation of Cavaillès's final work, written in 1942 during his imprisonment for Resistance activities, presents an opportunity to reencounter an original and lucid thinker. Cavaillès's subtle adjudication between positivistic claims that science has no need of philosophy, and philosophers' obstinate disregard for actual scientific events, speaks to a dilemma that remains pertinent for us today. His affirmation of the authority of scientific thinking combined with his commitment to conceptual creation yields a radical defense of the freedom of thought and the possibility of the new.

Author : Richard Dawid
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 213 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2013-05-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781107067585

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String Theory and the Scientific Method by Richard Dawid Pdf

String theory has played a highly influential role in theoretical physics for nearly three decades and has substantially altered our view of the elementary building principles of the Universe. However, the theory remains empirically unconfirmed, and is expected to remain so for the foreseeable future. So why do string theorists have such a strong belief in their theory? This book explores this question, offering a novel insight into the nature of theory assessment itself. Dawid approaches the topic from a unique position, having extensive experience in both philosophy and high-energy physics. He argues that string theory is just the most conspicuous example of a number of theories in high-energy physics where non-empirical theory assessment has an important part to play. Aimed at physicists and philosophers of science, the book does not use mathematical formalism and explains most technical terms.

Author : Thomas S. Kuhn
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 226 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 1970
Category : Historia de la fisica
ISBN : 0226458032

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The Structure of Scientific Revolutions by Thomas S. Kuhn Pdf

Author : Riccardo Strobino
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 449 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2021-11-02
Category : Foreign Language Study
ISBN : 9780520297470

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Avicenna's Theory of Science by Riccardo Strobino Pdf

Avicenna is the most influential figure in the intellectual history of the Islamic world. This book is the first comprehensive study of his theory of science, which profoundly shaped his philosophical method and indirectly influenced philosophers and theologians not only in the Islamic world but also throughout Christian Europe and the medieval Jewish tradition. A sophisticated interpreter of Aristotle’s Posterior Analytics, Avicenna took on the ambitious task of reorganizing Aristotelian philosophy of science into an applicable model of scientific reasoning, striving to identify conditions of certainty for scientific assertions and conditions of adequacy for real definitions. Riccardo Strobino combines philosophical and textual analysis to explore the scope and nature of Avicenna’s contributions to the logic of scientific reasoning in his effort to recalibrate Aristotle’s model and overcome some of its internal limitations. Focusing on a broad array of philosophical innovations at the intersection of logic, metaphysics, and epistemology, this book casts light on an essential aspect of the thought of the preeminent philosopher and physician of the Islamic world.

Author : Stephan Korner
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 241 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2013-04-15
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781135028374

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Experience and Theory by Stephan Korner Pdf

Originally published in 1966. This volume analyzes the general structure of scientific theories, their relation to experience and to non-scientific thought. Part One is concerned with the logic underlying empirical discourse before its subjection to the various constraints, imposed by the logico-mathematical framework of scientific theories upon their content. Part Two is devoted to an examination of this framework and, in particular, to showing that the deductive organization of a field of experience is by that very act a modification of empirical discourse and an idealization of its subject matter. Part Three analyzes the concordance between theories and experience and the relevance of science to moral and religious beliefs.

Author : Samuel Schindler
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 263 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2018-05-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781108422260

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Theoretical Virtues in Science by Samuel Schindler Pdf

In-depth discussion of the value of scientific theories, bringing together and advancing current important debates in realism.

Author : Gordon G. Brittan Jr.
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 229 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2015-03-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781400867486

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Kant's Theory of Science by Gordon G. Brittan Jr. Pdf

While interest in Kant's philosophy has increased in recent years, very little of it has focused on his theory of science. This book gives a general account of that theory, of its motives and implications, and of the way it brought forth a new conception of the nature of philosophical thought. To reconstruct Kant's theory of science, the author identifies unifying themes of his philosophy of mathematics and philosophy of physics, both undergirded by his distinctive logical doctrines, and shows how they come together to form a relatively consistent system of ideas. A new analysis of the structure of central arguments in the Critique of Pure Reason and the Prolegomena draws on recent developments in logic and the philosophy of science. Professor Brittan's unified account of the philosophies of mathematics and physics explores the nature of Kant's commitment to Euclidean geometry and Newtonian mechanics as well as providing an integrated reading of the Critique of Pure Reason and the Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science. Contemporary ideas help both to illuminate Kant's position and to show how that position, in turn, illuminates contemporary problems in the philosophy of science. Originally published in 1978. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Author : Sifeng Liu,Zhigeng Fang,Hongxing Shi,Benhai Guo
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 324 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2016-04-19
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781420087420

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Theory of Science and Technology Transfer and Applications by Sifeng Liu,Zhigeng Fang,Hongxing Shi,Benhai Guo Pdf

Constructive Suggestions for Efficiently Implementing Technology Transfer Theory of Science and Technology Transfer and Applications presents the mechanisms, features, effects, and modes of technology transfer. It addresses the measurement, cost, benefit, optimal allocation, and game theory of technology transfer, along with the dynamics of the tec

Author : Barry Barnes
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 182 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2013-04-15
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781135029012

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Scientific Knowledge and Sociological Theory by Barry Barnes Pdf

Originally published in 1974.