Thermodynamics Of Minerals And Melts

Author : R.C. Newton,A. Navrotsky,B.J. Wood
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461258711

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Thermodynamics of Minerals and Melts by R.C. Newton,A. Navrotsky,B.J. Wood Pdf

Today large numbers of geoscientists apply thermodynamic theory to solu tions of a variety of problems in earth and planetary sciences. For most problems in chemistry, the application of thermodynamics is direct and rewarding. Geoscientists, however, deal with complex inorganic and organic substances. The complexities in the nature of mineralogical substances arise due to their involved crystal structure and multicomponental character. As a result, thermochemical solutions of many geological-planetological problems should be attempted only with a clear understanding of the crystal-chemical and thermochemical character of each mineral. The subject of physical geochemistry deals with the elucidation and application of physico-chemical principles to geosciences. Thermodynamics of mineral phases and crystalline solutions form an integral part of it. Developments in mineralogic thermody namics in recent years have been very encouraging, but do not easily reach many geoscientists interested mainly in applications. This series is to provide geoscientists and planetary scientists with current information on the develop ments in thermodynamics of mineral systems, and also provide the active researcher in this rapidly developing field with a forum through which he can popularize the important conclusions of his work. In the first several volumes, we plan to publish original contributions (with an abundant supply of back ground material for the uninitiated reader) and thoughtful reviews from a number of researchers on mineralogic thermodynamics, on the application of thermochemistry to planetary phase equilibria (including meteorites), and on kinetics of geochemical reactions.

Author : Ian S. E. Carmichael,Hans Eugster
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 516 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2018-12-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781501508950

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Thermodynamic Modeling of Geologic Materials by Ian S. E. Carmichael,Hans Eugster Pdf

Volume 17 of Reviews in Mineralogy is based on a short course, entitled "Thermodynamic Modeling of Geological Materials: Minerals, Fluids amd Melts," October 22-25, 1987, at the Wickenburg Inn near Phoenix, Arizona. Contents: Thermodynamic Analysis of Phase Equilibria in Simple Mineral Systems Models of Crystalline solutions Thermodynamics of Multicomponent Systems Containing Several Solid Solutions Thermodynamic Model for Aqueous Solutions of Liquid-like Density Models of Mineral Solubility in Concentrated Brines with Application to Field Observations Calculation of the Thermodynamic Properties of Aqueous Species and the Solubilities of Minerals in Supercritical Electrolyte Solutions Igneous Fluids Ore Fluids: Magmatic to Supergene Thermodynamic Models of Molecular Fluids at the Elevated Pressures and Temperatures of Crustal Metamorphism Mineral Solubilities and Speciation in Supercritical Metamorphic Fluids Development of Models for Multicomponent Melts: Analysis of Synthetic Systems Modeling Magmatic Systems: Thermodynamic Relations Modeling Magmatic Systems: Petrologic Applications

Author : D.G. Fraser
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 408 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401012522

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Thermodynamics in Geology by D.G. Fraser Pdf

It has long been realized that the mineral assemblages of igneous and metamorphic rocks may reflect the approach of a rock to chemical eCluilibrium during its formation. However progress in the application of chemical thermodynamics to geological systems has been hindered since the time of Bowen and the other early physical-chemical petrologists by the recurring Cluandary of the experimental geologist. His systems are complex and are experimentally intractable, but if they were not so refractory they would not be there to study at all. It is only recently that accurate measurements of the thermodynamic properties of pure, or at least well-defined minerals, melts and volatile fluid phases, combined with experimental and theoretical studies of their mixing properties, have made it possible to calculate the eCluilibrium conditions for particular rock systems. Much work is now in progress to extend the ranges of com position and conditions for which sufficient data exist to enable such calculations to be made. Moreover the routine availability of the electron microprobe will ensure that the demand for such information will continue to increase. The thermodynamic techniClues reCluired to apply these data to geological problems are intrinsically simple and merely involve the combination of appropriate standard state data together with corrections for the effects of solution in natural minerals, melts or volatile fluids.

Author : Susan Kieffer,Alexandra Navrotsky
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 440 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2018-12-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781501508868

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Microscopic to Macroscopic by Susan Kieffer,Alexandra Navrotsky Pdf

Volume 14 of Reviews in Mineralogy covers a short course about the relations among the microscopic structure of minerals and their macroscopic thermodynamic properties. Understanding the micro-to-macro relations provides a rigorous theoretical foundation for formulation of energy relations. With such a foundation, measured parameters can be understood, and extrapolation and prediction of thermodynamic properties beyond the range of measurement can be done with more confidence than if only empirical relations are used. The purpose of this course is to consider the microscopic factors that influence the free energy of minerals: atomic environments, bonding, and crystal structure. These factors influence the structural energy and the detailed nature of the lattice vibrations which are an important source of entropy and enthalpy at temperatures greater than 0 K. The same factors determine the relative energy of different phases, and thereby; the relative stability of different minerals. Configurational entropy terms arising from disorder also contribute to the energy and entropy. In transition metal compounds there are additional energy and entropy terms arising from the electronic configurations, leading to additional stabilizations, magnetic ordering, and, incidentally, color. Organized by Sue Kieffer and Alex Navrotsky, the course was presented by the ten authors of this book on the campus of Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland. This was the second of MSA's short courses to be given in conjunction with meetings of the American Geophysical Union.

Author : Richard A. Robie,David R. Waldbaum
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 590 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 1968
Category : Mineralogy
ISBN : IND:30000146956572

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Thermodynamic Properties of Minerals and Related Substances at 298.150 K (25.00 C) and One Atmosphere (1.013 Bars) Pressure and at Higher Temperatures by Richard A. Robie,David R. Waldbaum Pdf

Author : Surendra K. Saxena
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 355 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461256830

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Advances in Physical Geochemistry by Surendra K. Saxena Pdf

The second volume of this series consists of three parts. Part I focuses on the research on intracrystalline reactions. This work, which began nearly two decades ago, is critically reviewed by Ghose and Ganguly in Chapter 1. Besides the review, the authors include some of their previously unpublished work to demonstrate how future research could aid in obtaining data on thermodynamics of solid solutions and in understanding the cooling history of igneous and metamorphic rocks. The latter is also the theme adopted by Kretz in the second chapter, which examines the redistribution of Fe and Mg in coexisting silicates during cooling. Chapter 3 contains new data on Fe-Mg distribution in clinopyroxenes. Dal Negro and his co-authors have selected a series of clinopyroxenes from volcanic rocks and present site occupancy data on several clinopyroxenes of intermediate compositions. The data set has not been published before and is the first of its kind. Part II of this book begins with a chapter on melts by Gaskell, who explores the relationship between density and structure of silicate melts. This is followed by the synthesis of data generated in the U.S.S.R. by Shmulovich and his co-authors on fluids. Blencoe, Merkel and Seil present a thorough analysis of the phase equilibrium data on feldspars coexisting with fluids in the third chapter in this part.

Author : Ladislav Cemic
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 400 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2005-08-02
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783540243649

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Thermodynamics in Mineral Sciences by Ladislav Cemic Pdf

This book presents the fundamental principles of thermodynamics for geosciences, based on the author’s own courses over a number of years. Many examples help to understand how mineralogical problems can be solved by applying thermodynamic principles.

Author : William M. White
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 963 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2020-10-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781119438113

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Geochemistry by William M. White Pdf

A Comprehensive Introduction to the “Geochemist Toolbox” – the Basic Principles of Modern Geochemistry In the new edition of William M. White’s Geochemistry, undergraduate and graduate students will find each of the core principles of geochemistry covered. From defining key principles and methods to examining Earth’s core composition and exploring organic chemistry and fossil fuels, this definitive edition encompasses all the information needed for a solid foundation in the earth sciences for beginners and beyond. For researchers and applied scientists, this book will act as a useful reference on fundamental theories of geochemistry, applications, and environmental sciences. The new edition includes new chapters on the geochemistry of the Earth’s surface (the “critical zone”), marine geochemistry, and applied geochemistry as it relates to environmental applications and geochemical exploration. ● A review of the fundamentals of geochemical thermodynamics and kinetics, trace element and organic geochemistry ● An introduction to radiogenic and stable isotope geochemistry and applications such as geologic time, ancient climates, and diets of prehistoric people ● Formation of the Earth and composition and origins of the core, the mantle, and the crust ● New chapters that cover soils and streams, the oceans, and geochemistry applied to the environment and mineral exploration In this foundational look at geochemistry, new learners and professionals will find the answer to the essential principles and techniques of the science behind the Earth and its environs.

Author : Vratislav Hurai,Monika Huraiová,Marek Slobodník,Rainer Thomas
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 504 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2015-05-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780128032428

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Geofluids by Vratislav Hurai,Monika Huraiová,Marek Slobodník,Rainer Thomas Pdf

Geofluids: Developments in Microthermometry, Spectroscopy, Thermodynamics, and Stable Isotopes is the definitive source on paleofluids and the migration of hydrocarbons in sedimentary basins—ideal for researchers in oil and gas exploration. There’s been a rapid development of new non-destructive analytical methods and interdisciplinary research that makes it difficult to find a single source of content on the subject of geofluids. Geoscience researchers commonly use multiple tools to interpret geologic problems, particularly if the problems involve fluid-rock interaction. This book perfectly combines the techniques of fluid inclusion microthermometry, stable isotope analyses, and various types of spectroscopy, including Raman analysis, to contribute to a thorough approach to research. Through a practical and intuitive step-by-step approach, the authors explain sample preparation, measurements, and the interpretation and analysis of data related to thermodynamics and mineral-fluid equilibria. Features working examples in each chapter with step-by-step explanations and calculations Broad range of case studies aid the analytical and experimental data Includes appendices with equations of state, stable isotope fractionation equations, and Raman identification tables that aid in identification of fluid inclusion minerals Authored by a team of expert scientists who have more than 60 years of related experience in the field and classroom combined

Author : Richard A. Robie,Bruce S. Hemingway,James Russell Fisher
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 476 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 1978
Category : Mineralogy
ISBN : MINN:31951D00317633Q

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Thermodynamic Properties of Minerals and Related Substances at 298.15 K and 1 Bar (105 Pascals) Pressure and at Higher Temperatures by Richard A. Robie,Bruce S. Hemingway,James Russell Fisher Pdf

A summary of the thermodynamic data for minerals at 298.15 K together with calculated values for functions at temperatures up to 1,800 K.

Author : Alberto Patiño Douce
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 723 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2011-08-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781139497015

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Thermodynamics of the Earth and Planets by Alberto Patiño Douce Pdf

This textbook provides an intuitive yet mathematically rigorous introduction to the thermodynamics and thermal physics of planetary processes. It demonstrates how the workings of planetary bodies can be understood in depth by reducing them to fundamental physics and chemistry. The book is based on two courses taught by the author for many years at the University of Georgia. It includes 'Guided Exercise' boxes; end-of-chapter problems (worked solutions provided online); and software boxes (Maple code provided online). As well as being an ideal textbook on planetary thermodynamics for advanced students in the Earth and planetary sciences, it also provides an innovative and quantitative complement to more traditional courses in geological thermodynamics, petrology, chemical oceanography and planetary science. In addition to its use as a textbook, it is also of great interest to researchers looking for a 'one stop' source of concepts and techniques that they can apply to their research problems.

Author : Darrell Kirk Nordstrom,James L. Munoz
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 504 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 1985
Category : Geochemistry
ISBN : UCSD:31822001672385

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Geochemical Thermodynamics by Darrell Kirk Nordstrom,James L. Munoz Pdf

Author : Bruce Fegley,Rose Osborne
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 816 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780122511004

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Practical Chemical Thermodynamics for Geoscientists by Bruce Fegley,Rose Osborne Pdf

-- Presents brief historical summaries and biographies of key thermodynamics scientists alongside the fundamentals they were responsible for.

Author : Niranjan D. Chatterjee
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783662027165

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Applied Mineralogical Thermodynamics by Niranjan D. Chatterjee Pdf

Thermodynamic treatment of mineral equilibria, a topic central to mineralogical thermodynamics, can be traced back to the tum of the century, when J. H. Van't Hoff and his associates pioneered in applying thermodynamics to the mineral assemblages observed in the Stassfurt salt deposit. Although other renowned researchers joined forces to develop the subject - H. E. Boeke even tried to popularize it by giving an overview of the early developments in his "Grundlagen der physikalisch-chemischen Petrographie", Berlin, 1915 - it remained, on the whole, an esoteric subject for the majority of the contemporary geological community. Seen that way, mineralogical thermodynamics came of age during the last four decades, and evolved very rapidly into a mainstream discipline of geochemistry. It has contributed enormously to our understanding of the phase equilibria of mineral systems, and has helped put mineralogy and petrology on a firm quantitative basis. In the wake of these developments, academic curricula now require the students of geology to take a course in basic thermodynamics, traditionally offered by the departments of chemistry. Building on that foundation, a supplementary course is generally offered to familiarize the students with diverse mineralogical applications of thermo dynamics. This book draws from the author's experience in giving such a course, and has been tailored to cater to those who have had a previous exposure to the basic concepts of chemical thermodynamics.

Author : A. Putnis
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 486 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 1992-10-22
Category : Nature
ISBN : 0521429471

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An Introduction to Mineral Sciences by A. Putnis Pdf

The subject of mineralogy is moving away from the traditional systematic treatment of mineral groups toward the study of the behaviour of minerals in relation to geological processes. A knowledge of how minerals respond to a changing geological environment is fundamental to our understanding of many dynamic earth processes. By adopting a materials science approach, An Introduction to Mineral Sciences explains the principles underlying the modern study of minerals, discussing the behaviour of crystalline materials with changes in temperature, pressure and chemical environment. The concepts required to understand mineral behaviour are often complex, but are presented here in simple, non-mathematical terms for undergraduate mineralogy students. After introductory chapters describing the principles of diffraction, imaging and the spectroscopic methods used to study minerals, the structure and behaviour of the main groups of rock-forming minerals are covered, and the role of defects in the deformation and transformation of a mineral are explained. The energy changes and the rate of transformation processes are introduced using a descriptive approach rather than attempting a complete and rigorous treatment of the thermodynamics and kinetics. Examples and case histories from a range of mineral groups are set in an earth science context, such that the emphasis of this book is to allow the student to develop an intuitive understanding of the structural principles controlling the behaviour of minerals.