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Think Analogies A1 by Cheryl Block,Critical Thinki Pdf
Teaches how to distinguish between correct and incorrect analogies, such as "mouth is related to eat as teeth are related to chew" (correct) versus "mouth is related to eat as stomach is related to liver" (incorrect).
Analogies 1 is instructional material. It presents a step-by-step approach to analogy problem-solving that makes mastery of the techniques manageable for students. Strategies include creating "bridge sentences" as a tool for examining analogies, looking out for words with more than one meaning, solving 2-step analogies, and identifying various types of analogies. These techniques are taught in depth in Book 1 and are reviewed in Books 2 and 3. Grades 7-8.
Dr. Funster's Creative Thinking Puzzlers A1 by John H. Doolittle Pdf
The mind-stretching puzzles in [these books] help students become fluent, flexible problem solvers who can generate different solutions and different ways to find solutions. Students start with given criteria, determine possible solutions, evaluate them, and then eliminate possibilities before determining a final solution. The puzzles are perfect for school, home, and travel. They are very popular as brain-start, extra credit, sponge, or reward activities. Try one and you'll be hooked! [These books] includes seven engaging verbal and visual skills puzzles: Word Morphs, Codeword Clusters, Secret Word Puzzles, Telephone Code Puzzles, Dooriddles, Shape Puzzles, Line Puzzles. Easy-to-follow directions and answers are included.--Publisher website.
This book challenges, with several powerful arguments, some of our deepest beliefs about rationality, morality, and personal identity. The author claims that we have a false view of our own nature; that it is often rational to act against our own best interests; that most of us have moral views that are directly self-defeating; and that, when we consider future generations the conclusions will often be disturbing. He concludes that moral non-religious moral philosophy is a young subject, with a promising but unpredictable future.
This textbook, for second- or third-year students of computer science, presents insights, notations, and analogies to help them describe and think about algorithms like an expert, without grinding through lots of formal proof. Solutions to many problems are provided to let students check their progress, while class-tested PowerPoint slides are on the web for anyone running the course. By looking at both the big picture and easy step-by-step methods for developing algorithms, the author guides students around the common pitfalls. He stresses paradigms such as loop invariants and recursion to unify a huge range of algorithms into a few meta-algorithms. The book fosters a deeper understanding of how and why each algorithm works. These insights are presented in a careful and clear way, helping students to think abstractly and preparing them for creating their own innovative ways to solve problems.
Author : William L. William L. Hamilton Publisher : Springer Nature Page : 141 pages File Size : 49,6 Mb Release : 2022-06-01 Category : Computers ISBN : 9783031015885
Graph Representation Learning by William L. William L. Hamilton Pdf
Graph-structured data is ubiquitous throughout the natural and social sciences, from telecommunication networks to quantum chemistry. Building relational inductive biases into deep learning architectures is crucial for creating systems that can learn, reason, and generalize from this kind of data. Recent years have seen a surge in research on graph representation learning, including techniques for deep graph embeddings, generalizations of convolutional neural networks to graph-structured data, and neural message-passing approaches inspired by belief propagation. These advances in graph representation learning have led to new state-of-the-art results in numerous domains, including chemical synthesis, 3D vision, recommender systems, question answering, and social network analysis. This book provides a synthesis and overview of graph representation learning. It begins with a discussion of the goals of graph representation learning as well as key methodological foundations in graph theory and network analysis. Following this, the book introduces and reviews methods for learning node embeddings, including random-walk-based methods and applications to knowledge graphs. It then provides a technical synthesis and introduction to the highly successful graph neural network (GNN) formalism, which has become a dominant and fast-growing paradigm for deep learning with graph data. The book concludes with a synthesis of recent advancements in deep generative models for graphs—a nascent but quickly growing subset of graph representation learning.
Killing and Letting Die by Bonnie Steinbock,Alastair Norcross Pdf
This collection contains twenty-one thought-provoking essays on the controversies surrounding the moral and legal distinctions between euthanasia and "letting die." Since public awareness of this issue has increased this second edition includes nine entirely new essays which bring the treatment of the subject up-to-date. The urgency of this issue can be gauged in recent developments such as the legalization of physician-assisted suicide in the Netherlands, "how-to" manuals topping the bestseller charts in the United States, and the many headlines devoted to Dr. Jack Kevorkian, who has assisted dozens of patients to die. The essays address the range of questions involved in this issue pertaining especially to the fields of medical ethics, public policymaking, and social philosophy. The discussions consider the decisions facing medical and public policymakers, how those decisions will affect the elderly and terminally ill, and the medical and legal ramifications for patients in a permanently vegetative state, as well as issues of parent/infant rights. The book is divided into two sections. The first, "Euthanasia and the Termination of Life-Prolonging Treatment" includes an examination of the 1976 Karen Quinlan Supreme Court decision and selections from the 1990 Supreme Court decision in the case of Nancy Cruzan. Featured are articles by law professor George Fletcher and philosophers Michael Tooley, James Rachels, and Bonnie Steinbock, with new articles by Rachels, and Thomas Sullivan. The second section, "Philosophical Considerations," probes more deeply into the theoretical issues raised by the killing/letting die controversy, illustrating exceptionally well the dispute between two rival theories of ethics, consequentialism and deontology. It also includes a corpus of the standard thought on the debate by Jonathan Bennet, Daniel Dinello, Jeffrie Murphy, John Harris, Philipa Foot, Richard Trammell, and N. Ann Davis, and adds articles new to this edition by Bennett, Foot, Warren Quinn, Jeff McMahan, and Judith Lichtenberg.
"Thought & Knowledge, Fourth Edition" is appropriate for use as a textbook in critical thinking courses offered in departments of psychology, philosophy, English, humanities, or as a supplement in any course where critical thinking is emphasized
Analogy and Exemplary Reasoning in Legal Discourse by Hendrik Kaptein,Bastiaan D. van der Velden Pdf
This book brings together contributions from leading figures in legal studies on analogy and related forms of reasoning in the law. Analogical reasoning-which relies on the concept of two different things being in some way like each other-is hugely important not just in the practice of law, but it is nonetheless strongly contested. This volume raises key questions like: What is the logical, argumentative, rhetorical, or just heuristic force of analogy in law? Is analogy really different from extensive interpretation, reasoning by precedent and appeal to paradigm?