Thinking As Computation

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Thinking as Computation

Hector J. Levesque
Thinking as Computation Book PDF

Author : Hector J. Levesque
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 323 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2012-01-06
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780262300643

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Thinking as Computation by Hector J. Levesque Pdf

Students explore the idea that thinking is a form of computation by learning to write simple computer programs for tasks that require thought. This book guides students through an exploration of the idea that thinking might be understood as a form of computation. Students make the connection between thinking and computing by learning to write computer programs for a variety of tasks that require thought, including solving puzzles, understanding natural language, recognizing objects in visual scenes, planning courses of action, and playing strategic games. The material is presented with minimal technicalities and is accessible to undergraduate students with no specialized knowledge or technical background beyond high school mathematics. Students use Prolog (without having to learn algorithms: “Prolog without tears!”), learning to express what they need as a Prolog program and letting Prolog search for answers. After an introduction to the basic concepts, Thinking as Computation offers three chapters on Prolog, covering back-chaining, programs and queries, and how to write the sorts of Prolog programs used in the book. The book follows this with case studies of tasks that appear to require thought, then looks beyond Prolog to consider learning, explaining, and propositional reasoning. Most of the chapters conclude with short bibliographic notes and exercises. The book is based on a popular course at the University of Toronto and can be used in a variety of classroom contexts, by students ranging from first-year liberal arts undergraduates to more technically advanced computer science students.

Thinking as Computation

Hector J. Levesque
Thinking as Computation Book PDF

Author : Hector J. Levesque
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 323 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2017-08-11
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780262534741

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Thinking as Computation by Hector J. Levesque Pdf

Students explore the idea that thinking is a form of computation by learning to write simple computer programs for tasks that require thought. This book guides students through an exploration of the idea that thinking might be understood as a form of computation. Students make the connection between thinking and computing by learning to write computer programs for a variety of tasks that require thought, including solving puzzles, understanding natural language, recognizing objects in visual scenes, planning courses of action, and playing strategic games. The material is presented with minimal technicalities and is accessible to undergraduate students with no specialized knowledge or technical background beyond high school mathematics. Students use Prolog (without having to learn algorithms: “Prolog without tears!”), learning to express what they need as a Prolog program and letting Prolog search for answers. After an introduction to the basic concepts, Thinking as Computation offers three chapters on Prolog, covering back-chaining, programs and queries, and how to write the sorts of Prolog programs used in the book. The book follows this with case studies of tasks that appear to require thought, then looks beyond Prolog to consider learning, explaining, and propositional reasoning. Most of the chapters conclude with short bibliographic notes and exercises. The book is based on a popular course at the University of Toronto and can be used in a variety of classroom contexts, by students ranging from first-year liberal arts undergraduates to more technically advanced computer science students.

Computational Thinking

Peter J. Denning,Matti Tedre
Computational Thinking Book PDF

Author : Peter J. Denning,Matti Tedre
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 266 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2019-05-14
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780262536561

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Computational Thinking by Peter J. Denning,Matti Tedre Pdf

An introduction to computational thinking that traces a genealogy beginning centuries before the digital computer. A few decades into the digital era, scientists discovered that thinking in terms of computation made possible an entirely new way of organizing scientific investigation; eventually, every field had a computational branch: computational physics, computational biology, computational sociology. More recently, “computational thinking” has become part of the K–12 curriculum. But what is computational thinking? This volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series offers an accessible overview, tracing a genealogy that begins centuries before digital computers and portraying computational thinking as pioneers of computing have described it. The authors explain that computational thinking (CT) is not a set of concepts for programming; it is a way of thinking that is honed through practice: the mental skills for designing computations to do jobs for us, and for explaining and interpreting the world as a complex of information processes. Mathematically trained experts (known as “computers”) who performed complex calculations as teams engaged in CT long before electronic computers. The authors identify six dimensions of today's highly developed CT—methods, machines, computing education, software engineering, computational science, and design—and cover each in a chapter. Along the way, they debunk inflated claims for CT and computation while making clear the power of CT in all its complexity and multiplicity.

Computational Design Thinking

Achim Menges,Sean Ahlquist
Computational Design Thinking Book PDF

Author : Achim Menges,Sean Ahlquist
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 230 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2011-10-24
Category : Architecture
ISBN : 9780470665701

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Computational Design Thinking by Achim Menges,Sean Ahlquist Pdf

The current transition from Computer Aided Design (CAD) to Computational Design in architecture represents a profound shift in design thinking and methods. Representation is being replaced by simulation, and the crafting of objects is moving towards the generation of integrated systems through designer-authored computational processes. While there is a particular history of such an approach in architecture, its relative newness requires the continued progression of novel modes of design thinking for the architect of the 21st century. This AD Reader establishes a foundation for such thinking. It includes multifaceted reflections and speculations on the profound influence of computational paradigms on architecture. It presents relevant principles from the domains of mathematics and computer science, developmental and evolutionary biology, system science and philosophy, establishing a discourse for computational design thinking in architecture. Rather than a merely technical approach, the book will discuss essential intellectual concepts that are fundamental not only for a discourse on computational design but also for its practice. This anthology provides a unique collection of seminal texts by authors, who have either provided a significant starting point through which a computational approach to design has been pursued or have played a considerable role in shaping the field. An important aspect of this book is the manner in which adjacent fields and historical texts are connected. Both the source of original inspiration and scientific thought are presented alongside contemporary writings on the continually evolving computational design discourse. Emerging from the field of science, principally the subjects of morphogenesis, evolution and mathematics, selected texts provide a historical basis for a reconfigured mindset of processes that generate, arrange and describe form. Juxtaposed against more contemporary statements regarding the influence of computation on design thinking, the book offers advancements of fundamental texts to the particular purpose of establishing novel thought processes for architecture, theoretically and practically. The first reader to provide an effective framework for computational thinking in design. Includes classic texts by Johan W. von Goethe, D’Arcy Thompson, Ernst Mayr, Ludwig von Bertalanffy, Gordan Pask, Christopher Alexander, John H. Holland, Nicholas Negroponte, William Mitchell, Peter J. Bentley & David W. Corne, Sanford Kwinter, John Frazer, Kostis Terzidis, Michael Weinstock and Achim Menges Features new writing by: Mark Burry, Jane Burry, Manuel DeLanda and Peter Trummer.

Computational Thinking Education

Siu-Cheung Kong,Harold Abelson
Computational Thinking Education Book PDF

Author : Siu-Cheung Kong,Harold Abelson
Publisher : Springer
Page : 377 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2019-07-04
Category : Education
ISBN : 9789811365287

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Computational Thinking Education by Siu-Cheung Kong,Harold Abelson Pdf

This This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license.This book offers a comprehensive guide, covering every important aspect of computational thinking education. It provides an in-depth discussion of computational thinking, including the notion of perceiving computational thinking practices as ways of mapping models from the abstraction of data and process structures to natural phenomena. Further, it explores how computational thinking education is implemented in different regions, and how computational thinking is being integrated into subject learning in K-12 education. In closing, it discusses computational thinking from the perspective of STEM education, the use of video games to teach computational thinking, and how computational thinking is helping to transform the quality of the workforce in the textile and apparel industry.

Computational Thinking

Paolo Ferragina,Fabrizio Luccio
Computational Thinking Book PDF

Author : Paolo Ferragina,Fabrizio Luccio
Publisher : Springer
Page : 174 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2018-08-21
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783319979403

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Computational Thinking by Paolo Ferragina,Fabrizio Luccio Pdf

This book offers a gentle motivation and introduction to computational thinking, in particular to algorithms and how they can be coded to solve significant, topical problems from domains such as finance, cryptography, Web search, and data compression. The book is suitable for undergraduate students in computer science, engineering, and applied mathematics, university students in other fields, high-school students with an interest in STEM subjects, and professionals who want an insight into algorithmic solutions and the related mindset. While the authors assume only basic mathematical knowledge, they uphold the scientific rigor that is indispensable for transforming general ideas into executable algorithms. A supporting website contains examples and Python code for implementing the algorithms in the book.

From Computing to Computational Thinking

Paul S. Wang
From Computing to Computational Thinking Book PDF

Author : Paul S. Wang
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 284 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2017-07-20
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781351630221

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From Computing to Computational Thinking by Paul S. Wang Pdf

Computational Thinking (CT) involves fundamental concepts and reasoning, distilled from computer science and other computational sciences, which become powerful general mental tools for solving problems, increasing efficiency, reducing complexity, designing procedures, or interacting with humans and machines. An easy-to-understand guidebook, From Computing to Computational Thinking gives you the tools for understanding and using CT. It does not assume experience or knowledge of programming or of a programming language, but explains concepts and methods for CT with clarity and depth. Successful applications in diverse disciplines have shown the power of CT in problem solving. The book uses puzzles, games, and everyday examples as starting points for discussion and for connecting abstract thinking patterns to real-life situations. It provides an interesting and thought-provoking way to gain general knowledge about modern computing and the concepts and thinking processes underlying modern digital technologies.

Computational Thinking: A Perspective on Computer Science

Zhiwei Xu,Jialin Zhang
Computational Thinking A Perspective on Computer Science Book PDF

Author : Zhiwei Xu,Jialin Zhang
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 338 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2022-01-01
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9789811638480

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Computational Thinking: A Perspective on Computer Science by Zhiwei Xu,Jialin Zhang Pdf

This textbook is intended as a textbook for one-semester, introductory computer science courses aimed at undergraduate students from all disciplines. Self-contained and with no prerequisites, it focuses on elementary knowledge and thinking models. The content has been tested in university classrooms for over six years, and has been used in summer schools to train university and high-school teachers on teaching introductory computer science courses using computational thinking. This book introduces computer science from a computational thinking perspective. In computer science the way of thinking is characterized by three external and eight internal features, including automatic execution, bit-accuracy and abstraction. The book is divided into chapters on logic thinking, algorithmic thinking, systems thinking, and network thinking. It also covers societal impact and responsible computing material – from ICT industry to digital economy, from the wonder of exponentiation to wonder of cyberspace, and from code of conduct to best practices for independent work. The book’s structure encourages active, hands-on learning using the pedagogic tool Bloom's taxonomy to create computational solutions to over 200 problems of varying difficulty. Students solve problems using a combination of thought experiment, programming, and written methods. Only 300 lines of code in total are required to solve most programming problems in this book.

How to Speak Machine

John Maeda
How to Speak Machine Book PDF

Author : John Maeda
Publisher : Penguin
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2019-11-12
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780399564437

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How to Speak Machine by John Maeda Pdf

Visionary designer and technologist John Maeda defines the fundamental laws of how computers think, and why you should care even if you aren't a programmer. "Maeda is to design what Warren Buffett is to finance." --Wired John Maeda is one of the world's preeminent interdisciplinary thinkers on technology and design. In How to Speak Machine, he offers a set of simple laws that govern not only the computers of today, but the unimaginable machines of the future. Technology is already more powerful than we can comprehend, and getting more powerful at an exponential pace. Once set in motion, algorithms never tire. And when a program's size, speed, and tirelessness combine with its ability to learn and transform itself, the outcome can be unpredictable and dangerous. Take the seemingly instant transformation of Microsoft's chatbot Tay into a hate-spewing racist, or how crime-predicting algorithms reinforce racial bias. How to Speak Machine provides a coherent framework for today's product designers, business leaders, and policymakers to grasp this brave new world. Drawing on his wide-ranging experience from engineering to computer science to design, Maeda shows how businesses and individuals can identify opportunities afforded by technology to make world-changing and inclusive products--while avoiding the pitfalls inherent to the medium.

Computational Thinking for the Modern Problem Solver

David D. Riley,Kenny A. Hunt
Computational Thinking for the Modern Problem Solver Book PDF

Author : David D. Riley,Kenny A. Hunt
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 405 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2014-03-27
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781466587793

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Computational Thinking for the Modern Problem Solver by David D. Riley,Kenny A. Hunt Pdf

Through examples and analogies, Computational Thinking for the Modern Problem Solver introduces computational thinking as part of an introductory computing course and shows how computer science concepts are applicable to other fields. It keeps the material accessible and relevant to noncomputer science majors. With numerous color figures, this classroom-tested book focuses on both foundational computer science concepts and engineering topics. It covers abstraction, algorithms, logic, graph theory, social issues of software, and numeric modeling as well as execution control, problem-solving strategies, testing, and data encoding and organizing. The text also discusses fundamental concepts of programming, including variables and assignment, sequential execution, selection, repetition, control abstraction, data organization, and concurrency. The authors present the algorithms using language-independent notation.

Thinking Programs

Wolfgang Schreiner
Thinking Programs Book PDF

Author : Wolfgang Schreiner
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 660 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2021-10-22
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9783030805074

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Thinking Programs by Wolfgang Schreiner Pdf

This book describes some basic principles that allow developers of computer programs (computer scientists, software engineers, programmers) to clearly think about the artifacts they deal with in their daily work: data types, programming languages, programs written in these languages that compute from given inputs wanted outputs, and programs that describe continuously executing systems. The core message is that clear thinking about programs can be expressed in a single universal language, the formal language of logic. Apart from its universal elegance and expressiveness, this “logical” approach to the formal modeling of and reasoning about computer programs has another advantage: due to advances in computational logic (automated theorem proving, satisfiability solving, model checking), nowadays much of this process can be supported by software. This book therefore accompanies its theoretical elaborations by practical demonstrations of various systems and tools that are based on respectively make use of the presented logical underpinnings.

The Cambridge Handbook of Computing Education Research

Sally A. Fincher,Anthony V. Robins
The Cambridge Handbook of Computing Education Research Book PDF

Author : Sally A. Fincher,Anthony V. Robins
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 924 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2019-02-13
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781108756211

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The Cambridge Handbook of Computing Education Research by Sally A. Fincher,Anthony V. Robins Pdf

This is an authoritative introduction to Computing Education research written by over 50 leading researchers from academia and the industry.

Report of a Workshop on the Scope and Nature of Computational Thinking

National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee for the Workshops on Computational Thinking
Report of a Workshop on the Scope and Nature of Computational Thinking Book PDF

Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee for the Workshops on Computational Thinking
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 115 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2010-04-20
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780309153720

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Report of a Workshop on the Scope and Nature of Computational Thinking by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee for the Workshops on Computational Thinking Pdf

Report of a Workshop on the Scope and Nature of Computational Thinking presents a number of perspectives on the definition and applicability of computational thinking. For example, one idea expressed during the workshop is that computational thinking is a fundamental analytical skill that everyone can use to help solve problems, design systems, and understand human behavior, making it useful in a number of fields. Supporters of this viewpoint believe that computational thinking is comparable to the linguistic, mathematical and logical reasoning taught to all children. Various efforts have been made to introduce K-12 students to the most basic and essential computational concepts and college curricula have tried to provide a basis for life-long learning of increasingly new and advanced computational concepts and technologies. At both ends of this spectrum, however, most efforts have not focused on fundamental concepts. The book discusses what some of those fundamental concepts might be. Report of a Workshop on the Scope and Nature of Computational Thinking explores the idea that as the use of computational devices is becoming increasingly widespread, computational thinking skills should be promulgated more broadly. The book is an excellent resource for professionals in a wide range of fields including educators and scientists.

Essential Computational Thinking

Ricky J. Sethi
Essential Computational Thinking Book PDF

Author : Ricky J. Sethi
Publisher : Cognella Academic Publishing
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2020-06-17
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781516583218

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Essential Computational Thinking by Ricky J. Sethi Pdf

Essential Computational Thinking: Computer Science from Scratch helps students build a theoretical and practical foundation for learning computer science. Rooted in fundamental science, this text defines elementary ideas including data and information, quantifies these ideas mathematically, and, through key concepts in physics and computation, demonstrates the relationship between computer science and the universe itself. In Part I, students explore the theoretical underpinnings of computer science in a wide-ranging manner. Readers receive a robust overview of essential computational theories and programming ideas, as well as topics that examine the mathematical and physical foundations of computer science. Part 2 presents the basics of computation and underscores programming as an invaluable tool in the discipline. Students can apply their newfound knowledge and begin writing substantial programs immediately. Finally, Part 3 explores more sophisticated computational ideas, including object-oriented programing, databases, data science, and some of the underlying principles of machine learning. Essential Computational Thinking is an ideal text for a firmly technical CS0 course in computer science. It is also a valuable resource for highly-motivated non-computer science majors at the undergraduate or graduate level who are interested in learning more about the discipline for either professional or personal development.

Introduction to Computation and Programming Using Python, second edition

John V. Guttag
Introduction to Computation and Programming Using Python second edition Book PDF

Author : John V. Guttag
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 466 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2016-08-12
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780262529624

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Introduction to Computation and Programming Using Python, second edition by John V. Guttag Pdf

The new edition of an introductory text that teaches students the art of computational problem solving, covering topics ranging from simple algorithms to information visualization. This book introduces students with little or no prior programming experience to the art of computational problem solving using Python and various Python libraries, including PyLab. It provides students with skills that will enable them to make productive use of computational techniques, including some of the tools and techniques of data science for using computation to model and interpret data. The book is based on an MIT course (which became the most popular course offered through MIT's OpenCourseWare) and was developed for use not only in a conventional classroom but in in a massive open online course (MOOC). This new edition has been updated for Python 3, reorganized to make it easier to use for courses that cover only a subset of the material, and offers additional material including five new chapters. Students are introduced to Python and the basics of programming in the context of such computational concepts and techniques as exhaustive enumeration, bisection search, and efficient approximation algorithms. Although it covers such traditional topics as computational complexity and simple algorithms, the book focuses on a wide range of topics not found in most introductory texts, including information visualization, simulations to model randomness, computational techniques to understand data, and statistical techniques that inform (and misinform) as well as two related but relatively advanced topics: optimization problems and dynamic programming. This edition offers expanded material on statistics and machine learning and new chapters on Frequentist and Bayesian statistics.