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Author : D. Douglas Blanke,Vera da Costa e Silva
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 308 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : International cooperation
ISBN : 9241562684
On title page: Tools for advancing tobacco control in the 21st century.
Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Care Services,National Cancer Policy Forum
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 131 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2013-04-16
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309264044
Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death in United States, causing more than 440,000 deaths annually and resulting in $193 billion in health-related economic losses each year-$96 billion in direct medical costs and $97 billion in lost productivity. Since the first U.S. Surgeon General's report on smoking in 1964, more than 29 Surgeon General's reports, drawing on data from thousands of studies, have documented the overwhelming and conclusive biologic, epidemiologic, behavioral, and pharmacologic evidence that tobacco use is deadly. This evidence base links tobacco use to the development of multiple types of cancer and other life-threatening conditions, including cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Smoking accounts for at least 30 percent of all cancer deaths, and 80 percent of lung cancer deaths. Despite the widespread agreement on the dangers of tobacco use and considerable success in reducing tobacco use prevalence from over 40 percent at the time of the 1964 Surgeon General's report to less than 20 percent today, recent progress in reducing tobacco use has slowed. An estimated 18.9 percent of U.S. adults smoke cigarettes, nearly one in four high school seniors smoke, and 13 percent of high school males use smokeless tobacco products. In recognition that progress in combating cancer will not be fully achieved without addressing the tobacco problem, the National Cancer Policy Forum of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) convened a public workshop, Reducing Tobacco-Related Cancer Incidence and Mortality, June 11-12, 2012 in Washington, DC. In opening remarks to the workshop participants, planning committee chair Roy Herbst, professor of medicine and of pharmacology and chief of medical oncology at Yale Cancer Center and Smilow Cancer Hospital, described the goals of the workshop, which were to examine the current obstacles to tobacco control and to discuss potential policy, outreach, and treatment strategies that could overcome these obstacles and reduce tobacco-related cancer incidence and mortality. Experts explored a number of topics, including: the changing demographics of tobacco users and the changing patterns of tobacco product use; the influence of tobacco use on cancer incidence and cancer treatment outcomes; tobacco dependence and cessation programs; federal and state level laws and regulations to curtail tobacco use; tobacco control education, messaging, and advocacy; financial and legal challenges to tobacco control efforts; and research and infrastructure needs to support tobacco control strategies, reduce tobacco related cancer incidence, and improve cancer patient outcomes. Reducing Tobacco-Related Cancer Incidence and Mortality summarizes the workshop.
Author : D. Douglas Blanke
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 261 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Medical policy
ISBN : 9241590661
Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on the Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age for Purchasing Tobacco Products
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 398 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2015-07-23
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309316279
Tobacco use by adolescents and young adults poses serious concerns. Nearly all adults who have ever smoked daily first tried a cigarette before 26 years of age. Current cigarette use among adults is highest among persons aged 21 to 25 years. The parts of the brain most responsible for cognitive and psychosocial maturity continue to develop and change through young adulthood, and adolescent brains are uniquely vulnerable to the effects of nicotine. At the request of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products considers the likely public health impact of raising the minimum age for purchasing tobacco products. The report reviews the existing literature on tobacco use patterns, developmental biology and psychology, health effects of tobacco use, and the current landscape regarding youth access laws, including minimum age laws and their enforcement. Based on this literature, the report makes conclusions about the likely effect of raising the minimum age to 19, 21, and 25 years on tobacco use initiation. The report also quantifies the accompanying public health outcomes based on findings from two tobacco use simulation models. According to the report, raising the minimum age of legal access to tobacco products, particularly to ages 21 and 25, will lead to substantial reductions in tobacco use, improve the health of Americans across the lifespan, and save lives. Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products will be a valuable reference for federal policy makers and state and local health departments and legislators.
Author : Peter D. Jacobson,Jeffrey Wasserman
Publisher : Minnesota Historical Society
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Health & Fitness
ISBN : 0833024868
In this study, the authors examined the process by which anti-tobacco laws and ordinances were implemented and enforced in seven states and 19 localities. Their findings indicated that state- and local-level clean indoor air laws were rarely enforced by government agencies. Instead, these laws were largely self-enforcing, in that changed social norms regarding appropriate smoking behavior have led to high compliance rates. In contrast, teen access laws were consistently and vigorously enforced, mainly through periodic vendor compliance checks that were conducted in many of the sites visited. The authors also found that anti-tobacco forces do not devote a significant amount of resources to implementation and enforcement issues. Rather, their attention is focused on enacting new legislation and fighting tobacco industry attempts to weaken existing laws through, for example, state preemption of local ordinances. Finally, the authors found that local enforcement is a critical ingredient to the success of virtually any tobacco control effort. The study's results do not augur well for public health measures that require state-level enforcement that are opposed by powerful and politically well-connected interests. To be effective, legislation must contain specific enforcement measures, such as license removal by local authorities.
Author : Goss Gilroy Inc,Canada. Office of Tobacco Control
Publisher : The Office
Page : 106 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Antismoking movement
ISBN : OCLC:184811421
Author : C. Stephen Redhead
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 33 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2009-11
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781437918045
The 111th Congress is considering legislation that would give the FDA broad new statutory authority to regulate the manufacture and marketing of cigarettes and smokeless tobacco products. This report provides a detailed summary of the proposed legislation and discusses the public health and legal issues it raises. Contents: (1) Views on FDA Tobacco Regulation: Public Health Viewpoint; Industry Viewpoint; (2) Proposed Tobacco Product Regulation: Reduced-Risk Tobacco Products; Tobacco Product Design and Characteristics; Menthol Cigarettes; (3) Legal Issues: Restrictions on Ads and Promotion; First Amend. Issues; Preemption of State and Local Regulation Re: Labeling, Ads, and Promotion; (4) Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement.
Author : Institute of Medicine,Committee on Preventing Nicotine Addiction in Children and Youths
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 321 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 1994-02-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309051293
Tobacco use kills more people than any other addiction and we know that addiction starts in childhood and youth. We all agree that youths should not smoke, but how can this be accomplished? What prevention messages will they find compelling? What effect does tobacco advertisingâ€"more than $10 million worth every dayâ€"have on youths? Can we responsibly and effectively restrict their access to tobacco products? These questions and more are addressed in Growing Up Tobacco Free, prepared by the Institute of Medicine to help everyone understand the troubling issues surrounding youths and tobacco use. Growing Up Tobacco Free provides a readable explanation of nicotine's effects and the process of addiction, and documents the search for an effective approach to preventing the use of cigarettes, chewing and spitting tobacco, and snuff by children and youths. It covers the results of recent initiatives to limit young people's access to tobacco and discusses approaches to controls or bans on tobacco sales, price sensitivity among adolescents, and arguments for and against taxation as a prevention strategy for tobacco use. The controversial area of tobacco advertising is thoroughly examined. With clear guidelines for public action, everyone can benefit by reading and acting on the messages in this comprehensive and compelling book.
Author : P. Cairney,D. Studlar,H. Mamudu
Publisher : Springer
Page : 284 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2011-12-02
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780230361249
The first major book by political scientists explaining global tobacco control policy. It identifies a history of minimal tobacco control then charts the extent to which governments have regulated tobacco in the modern era. It identifies major policy change from the post-war period and uses theories of public policy to help explain the change.
Author : Donley T. Studlar
Publisher : Peterborough, Ont. : Broadview Press
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2002-02
Category : Law
ISBN : STANFORD:36105110298689
This book is a revealing exploration and comparison of the development of North American policies and the influence these policies are having in the attempt to regulate a major international business in the interests of public health.
Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice,Committee on Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Acute Coronary Events
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2010-02-21
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309138390
Data suggest that exposure to secondhand smoke can result in heart disease in nonsmoking adults. Recently, progress has been made in reducing involuntary exposure to secondhand smoke through legislation banning smoking in workplaces, restaurants, and other public places. The effect of legislation to ban smoking and its effects on the cardiovascular health of nonsmoking adults, however, remains a question. Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Cardiovascular Effects reviews available scientific literature to assess the relationship between secondhand smoke exposure and acute coronary events. The authors, experts in secondhand smoke exposure and toxicology, clinical cardiology, epidemiology, and statistics, find that there is about a 25 to 30 percent increase in the risk of coronary heart disease from exposure to secondhand smoke. Their findings agree with the 2006 Surgeon General's Report conclusion that there are increased risks of coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality among men and women exposed to secondhand smoke. However, the authors note that the evidence for determining the magnitude of the relationship between chronic secondhand smoke exposure and coronary heart disease is not very strong. Public health professionals will rely upon Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Cardiovascular Effects for its survey of critical epidemiological studies on the effects of smoking bans and evidence of links between secondhand smoke exposure and cardiovascular events, as well as its findings and recommendations.
Author : Andrew D. Mitchell,Tania Voon
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 359 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2014-07-31
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781783471522
Tobacco use represents a critical global health challenge. The World Health Organization estimates that tobacco kills nearly 6 million people a year, with the toll expected to rise to 8 million annually over the next two decades. Written by health and
Author : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,National Center National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion,U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 293 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2019-07-26
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1082814911
Tobacco use among youth and young adults in any form, including e-cigarettes, is not safe. In recent years, e-cigarette use by youth and young adults has increased at an alarming rate. E-cigarettes are now the most commonly used tobacco product among youth in the United States. This timely report highlights the rapidly changing patterns of e-cigarette use among youth and young adults, assesses what we know about the health effects of using these products, and describes strategies that tobacco companies use to recruit our nation's youth and young adults to try and continue using e-cigarettes. The report also outlines interventions that can be adopted to minimize the harm these products cause to our nation's youth.E-cigarettes are tobacco products that deliver nicotine. Nicotine is a highly addictive substance, and many of today's youth who are using e-cigarettes could become tomorrow's cigarette smokers. Nicotine exposure can also harm brain development in ways that may affect the health and mental health of our kids.E-cigarette use among youth and young adults is associated with the use of other tobacco products, including conventional cigarettes. Because most tobacco use is established during adolescence, actions to prevent our nation's young people from the potential of a lifetime of nicotine addiction are critical.E-cigarette companies appear to be using many of the advertising tactics the tobacco industry used to persuade a new generation of young people to use their products. Companies are promoting their products through television and radio advertisements that use celebrities, sexual content, and claims of independence to glamorize these addictive products and make them appealing to young people.
Author : World Health Organization
Publisher : World Health Organization
Page : 138 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789241505185
This book contains the guidelines adopted by the Conference of the Parties. These seven guidelines cover a wide range of provisions of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, such as: the protection of public health policies with respect to tobacco control from commercial and other vested interests of the tobacco industry; protection from exposure to tobacco smoke; packaging and labelling of tobacco products; and tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship; and demand reduction measures concerning tobacco dependence and cessation. These guidelines are intended to help Parties to meet their obligations under the respective provisions of the Convention. They reflect the consolidated views of Parties on different aspects of implementation, their experiences and achievements, and the challenges faced. The guidelines also aim to reflect and promote best practices and standards that governments would benefit from in the treaty-implementation process.
Author : Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,Committee to Assess the Science Base for Tobacco Harm Reduction
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 657 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2001-10-17
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309072823
Despite overwhelming evidence of tobacco's harmful effects and pressure from anti-smoking advocates, current surveys show that about one-quarter of all adults in the United States are smokers. This audience is the target for a wave of tobacco products and pharmaceuticals that claim to preserve tobacco pleasure while reducing its toxic effects. Clearing the Smoke addresses the problems in evaluating whether such products actually do reduce the health risks of tobacco use. Within the context of regulating such products, the committee explores key questions: Does the use of such products decrease exposure to harmful substances in tobacco? Is decreased exposure associated with decreased harm to health? Are there surrogate indicators of harm that could be measured quickly enough for regulation of these products? What are the public health implications? This book looks at the types of products that could reduce harm and reviews the available evidence for their impact on various forms of cancer and other major ailments. It also recommends approaches to governing these products and tracking their public health effects. With an attitude of healthy skepticism, Clearing the Smoke will be important to health policy makers, public health officials, medical practitioners, manufacturers and marketers of "reduced-harm" tobacco products, and anyone trying to sort through product claims.
