Toll Like Receptors Roles In Infection And Neuropathology

Author : Tammy Kielian
Publisher : Springer
Page : 191 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2009-08-31
Category : Medical
ISBN : 3642005500

Get Book

Toll-like Receptors: Roles in Infection and Neuropathology by Tammy Kielian Pdf

Mammalian Toll-like receptors (TLRs) were first identified in 1997 based on their homology with Drosophila Toll, which mediates innate immunity in the fly. In recent years, the number of studies describing TLR expression and function in the nervous system has been increasing steadily and expanding beyond their traditional roles in infectious diseases to neurodegenerative disorders and injury. Interest in the field serves as the impetus for this volume in the Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology series entitled "Toll-like receptors: Roles in Infection and Neuropathology". The first five chapters highlight more traditional roles for TLRs in infectious diseases of the CNS. The second half of the volume discusses recently emerging roles for TLRs in non-infectious neurodegenerative diseases and the challenges faced in these models with identifying endogenous ligands. Several conceptual theories are introduced in various chapters that deal with the dual nature of TLR engagement and whether these signals favor neuroprotective versus neurodegenerative outcomes. This volume should be informative for both experts as well as newcomers to the field of TLRs in the nervous system based on its coverage of basic TLR biology as well as specialization to discuss specific diseases of the nervous system where TLR function has been implicated. A must read for researchers interested in the dual role of these receptors in neuroinfection and neurodegeneration.

Author : Claire E. McCoy,Luke A.J. O'Neill
Publisher : Humana Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2011-01-26
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1617379425

Get Book

Toll-Like Receptors by Claire E. McCoy,Luke A.J. O'Neill Pdf

In addition to their invaluable role in the fight against infection, Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) in an under- or over-active state can lead to the pathogenesis of disease, making these receptors a key focal point for many research laboratories. In Toll-Like Receptors: Methods and Protocols, experts in the field contribute techniques currently used to study TLRs, their downstream signalling pathways, and their role in the pathogenesis of disease, with sections examining TLR expression and the application of genetic techniques and microarray analysis to TLR research. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include brief introductions to the topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and Notes sections highlighting tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Versatile and cutting-edge, Toll-Like Receptors: Methods and Protocols provides an ideal manual for a wide range of biologists and medical researchers studying these vital components of the immune system.

Author : Tammy Kielian
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 198 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2009-08-19
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642005497

Get Book

Toll-like Receptors: Roles in Infection and Neuropathology by Tammy Kielian Pdf

Mammalian Toll-like receptors (TLRs) were first identified in 1997 based on their homology with Drosophila Toll, which mediates innate immunity in the fly. In recent years, the number of studies describing TLR expression and function in the nervous system has been increasing steadily and expanding beyond their traditional roles in infectious diseases to neurodegenerative disorders and injury. Interest in the field serves as the impetus for this volume in the Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology series entitled "Toll-like receptors: Roles in Infection and Neuropathology". The first five chapters highlight more traditional roles for TLRs in infectious diseases of the CNS. The second half of the volume discusses recently emerging roles for TLRs in non-infectious neurodegenerative diseases and the challenges faced in these models with identifying endogenous ligands. Several conceptual theories are introduced in various chapters that deal with the dual nature of TLR engagement and whether these signals favor neuroprotective versus neurodegenerative outcomes. This volume should be informative for both experts as well as newcomers to the field of TLRs in the nervous system based on its coverage of basic TLR biology as well as specialization to discuss specific diseases of the nervous system where TLR function has been implicated. A must read for researchers interested in the dual role of these receptors in neuroinfection and neurodegeneration.

Author : Luke A.J. O'Neill,Elizabeth Brint
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 254 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2006-03-16
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783764374419

Get Book

Toll-like Receptors in Inflammation by Luke A.J. O'Neill,Elizabeth Brint Pdf

A repertoire of 10 TLRs mediate the first response to all microbes that infect mammals. They are the long sought receptors for a wide range of microbial products. Notable examples include TLR4 which recognizes LPS from gram negative bacteria, TLR3 which recognizes viral double-stranded RNA and TLR9 which recognizes CpG DNA motifs, found commonly in both viruses and bacteria. TLRs are increasingly being implicated in both infectious and inflammatory diseases, notable examples being sepsis, inflammatory bowel disease, atherosclerosis and asthma. There is therefore great interest in targeting TLRs therapeutically since blocking TLRs will result in a decrease in the production of inflammatory mediators such as TNF. This volume covers our current understanding of TLRs, and their role in inflammation. Given the primacy of TLRs in the inflammatory process and their emerging role in inflammatory diseases the book is of great interest to researchers working in inflammation and immunology.

Author : Ralf Kircheis,Oliver Planz
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 202 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2024-02-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782832544020

Get Book

The Role of Toll-like Receptors and their Related Signaling Pathways in Viral Infection and Inflammation by Ralf Kircheis,Oliver Planz Pdf

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent a powerful system for recognition and elimination of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released from dying cells. TLRs are mainly expressed on immune cells, but can also be present on other cell populations. Typical PAMPs include bacterial cell wall components, viral pathogens, or pathogenic nucleic acids, including viral RNA and DNA. Activation of TLRs leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines and type I interferons which are important for induction of the host immune response against bacterial and viral infections. However, dysregulation and overstimulation can be detrimental leading to hyper-inflammation, sepsis, and loss of tissue integrity. Furthermore, TLRs are involved in the pathogenesis of acute viral infections, including COVID-19. Consequently, TLRs are promising targets for pharmacological intervention and treatment.

Author : Stefan Bauer,Gunther Hartmann
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 243 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2007-12-11
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783540721673

Get Book

Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) and Innate Immunity by Stefan Bauer,Gunther Hartmann Pdf

Overall recent research on TLRs has led to tremendous increase in our understanding of early steps in pathogen recognition and will presumably lead to potent TLR targeting therapeutics in the future. This book reviews and highlights our recent understanding on the function and ligands of TLRs as well as their role in autoimmunity, dendritic cell activation and target structures for therapeutic intervention.

Author : Luke A.J. O'Neill,Elizabeth Brint
Publisher : Birkhäuser
Page : 246 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2009-09-03
Category : Medical
ISBN : 3764390786

Get Book

Toll-like Receptors in Inflammation by Luke A.J. O'Neill,Elizabeth Brint Pdf

A repertoire of 10 TLRs mediate the first response to all microbes that infect mammals. They are the long sought receptors for a wide range of microbial products. Notable examples include TLR4 which recognizes LPS from gram negative bacteria, TLR3 which recognizes viral double-stranded RNA and TLR9 which recognizes CpG DNA motifs, found commonly in both viruses and bacteria. TLRs are increasingly being implicated in both infectious and inflammatory diseases, notable examples being sepsis, inflammatory bowel disease, atherosclerosis and asthma. There is therefore great interest in targeting TLRs therapeutically since blocking TLRs will result in a decrease in the production of inflammatory mediators such as TNF. This volume covers our current understanding of TLRs, and their role in inflammation. Given the primacy of TLRs in the inflammatory process and their emerging role in inflammatory diseases the book is of great interest to researchers working in inflammation and immunology.

Author : Roger L. Lundblad
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 551 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2019-11-11
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781351680530

Get Book

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Compendium by Roger L. Lundblad Pdf

This book is an accessible resource offering practical information not found in more database-oriented resources. The first chapter lists acronyms with definitions, and a glossary of terms and subjects used in biochemistry, molecular biology, biotechnology, proteomics, genomics, and systems biology. There follows chapters on chemicals employed in biochemistry and molecular biology, complete with properties and structure drawings. Researchers will find this book to be a valuable tool that will save them time, as well as provide essential links to the roots of their science. Key selling features: Contains an extensive list of commonly used acronyms with definitions Offers a highly readable glossary for systems and techniques Provides comprehensive information for the validation of biotechnology assays and manufacturing processes Includes a list of Log P values, water solubility, and molecular weight for selected chemicals Gives a detailed listing of protease inhibitors and cocktails, as well as a list of buffers

Author : Maria Foti,Massimo Locati
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2017-07-17
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780128042199

Get Book

Cytokine Effector Functions in Tissues by Maria Foti,Massimo Locati Pdf

Cytokine Effector Functions in Tissues discusses the cytokines networks in the context of the specific-tissue environment. It is an up-to-date collection of articles that addresses the specific issue of how the cytokines are able to condition tissue specific homeostasis. The book helps the reader understand how cytokines network inside the tissues and highlights whether tissue-protection or exacerbation will be finally controlled. It describes the cytokines detected and regulated in different tissues, such as the brain, lungs, spleen, liver, pancreas and intestine, also addressing the issue of timing in specific cell types. Categorizes the cytokines based primarily on tissue and target cells Emphasizes different roles and outcomes observed during innate and adaptive response Represents a rapid guide to cytokines in health and disease in tissue and organ context Presents a different view on how known mediators may work if analyzed in a different perspective, determining the final outcome on tissue-specific target cells

Author : Jeffrey R. Capadona,Ulrich G. Hofmann
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 378 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2020-07-09
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9782889638505

Get Book

Bridging the Gap in Neuroelectronic Interfaces by Jeffrey R. Capadona,Ulrich G. Hofmann Pdf

Author : Allison Abendroth,Ann M. Arvin,Jennifer F. Moffat
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 382 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2010-09-30
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642127281

Get Book

Varicella-zoster Virus by Allison Abendroth,Ann M. Arvin,Jennifer F. Moffat Pdf

This book offers a comprehensive review of basic and clinical research on Varicella-zoster Virus, the only human herpesvirus for which vaccines to prevent both primary and recurrent infection are approved.

Author : Rafi Ahmed,Tasuku Honjo
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 154 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2011-04-11
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642195457

Get Book

Negative Co-Receptors and Ligands by Rafi Ahmed,Tasuku Honjo Pdf

Adaptive immune responses serve as a key defense mechanism for the control of infections in vertebrates. Immune responses must be of sufficient strength to contain invading pathogens, antigen specific responses require regulatory mechanisms to ensure termination or downmodulation to avoid excessive damage to the host tissue. For both branches of the adaptive immune system, regulatory molecules i.e. coreceptors and ligands have been identified that control the signaling cascades initiated by engagement of the T cell and B cell antigen receptors. This book describes biological functions as well as molecular mechanisms of these molecules.

Author : Nicholas Mantis
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 283 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2012-02-10
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642274701

Get Book

Ricin and Shiga Toxins by Nicholas Mantis Pdf

In May of 2011, Western Europe experienced a severe outbreak of Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing E. coli (STEC) that culminated in more than 3200 cases and 39 deaths. While Stx is not the only virulence factor associated with STEC, it is certainly the primary determinant associated with the onset of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). At the present time, there are no clinically approved measures to neutralize Stx in individuals suffering from STEC infection. Nor are there any preventatives or therapeutics for ricin toxin. Although incidents of ricin exposure are largely unheard of, federal agencies and public health officials consider it a significant threat. It is well documented that domestic and international terrorist groups have stockpiled, and in some cases weaponized ricin with the intent of releasing it into the public sphere and causing panic, illness and/or death on a local, regional, or possibly national scale. The chapters, written by leading experts in the field, are organized so as to cover all aspects of ricin and Stx, including pathogenesis, immunity, vaccines and therapeutics. This outstanding collection of reviews will serve as an important and readily accessible resource for the research community in the coming years.

Author : Marco Falasca
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 322 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2012-10-21
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9789400750241

Get Book

Phosphoinositides and Disease by Marco Falasca Pdf

Phosphoinositides (PIs) are minor components of cellular membranes that play critical regulatory roles in several intracellular functions. This book describes the main enzymes regulating the turnover of each of the seven PIs in mammalian cells, some of their intracellular functions and some evidence of their involvement in human diseases. Due to the complex inter-relation between the distinct PIs and the plethora of functions that they can regulate inside a cell, this book is not meant to be a comprehensive coverage of all aspects of PIs signalling but rather an overview on the current state of the field and where it could go from here. Phosphoinositide and inositol phosphates interact with and modulate the recruitment and activation of key regulatory proteins and in doing so control diverse functions including cell growth and proliferation, apoptosis, cytoskeletal dynamics, insulin action, vesicle trafficking and nuclear function. Initially, inositide signaling was limited to the PLC pathway; however, it is now clear that all the seven phosphoinositides and more than 30 different inositol phosphates likely have specific signaling functions. Moreover there is a growing list of proteins that are regulated by inositol signaling. This has raised the question as to how inositol signaling can control diverse processes and yet maintain signaling specificity. Controlling the levels of inositol signaling molecules and their subcellular compartmentalisation is likely to be critical. This meeting will bring together scientists from different backgrounds to discuss how understanding inositol signaling may be used to target complex human diseases that manifest themselves when inositol signaling is deregulated.

Author : Freddy Radtke
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2012-09-07
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642242939

Get Book

Notch Regulation of the Immune System by Freddy Radtke Pdf

Notch signaling regulates many cell fate decision and differentiation processes during embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. Moreover, disregulation of the pathway is associated with human disorders and cancer. In the last 15 years it became evident that Notch plays important roles in the hematopoietic system as well as in the regulation of immune responses. This special issue on Notch regulation of the immune system summarizes recent advances and covers multiple aspects of Notch signaling within the hematopoietic and the immune system. This issue covers subjects including Notch function in embryonic and adult hematopoietic stem cells, lymphocyte development and function as well as in T cell leukemia.