Topological Properties And Global Structure Of Space Time
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Topological Properties and Global Structure of Space-Time by Peter G. Bergmann,Venzo De Sabbata Pdf
The Ninth Course of the International School of Cosmology and Gravita tion of the Ettore Majorana Centre for Scientific Culture is concerned with "Topological Properties and Global Structure of Space-Time." We consider this topic to possess great importance. Our choice has also been influenced by the fact that there are many quest ions as yet unre solved. Standard general relativity describes space-time as a four-dimensional pseudo-Riemannian manifold, but it does not prescribe its large-scale structure. Inorderto attempt answers to some topological questions, such as whether our universe is open or closed, whether it is orientable, and whether it is complete or possesses singularities, various theoretical approaches to global aspects of gravitational physics are presented here. As topological questions playa role in non-standard theories as weIl, it will be found that some of the lectures and seminar talks in this volume adopt the point of view of standard relativity, whereas others are based on different theories, such as Kaluza-Klein theories, bimetric theories, and supergravity. We have found it difficult to organize these papers into classes, say standard and non-standard theory, or models with and without singularities. One paper, by R. Reasenberg, is experimental. Its purpose was to give the theorists present an inkling of the opportunities, as weIl as the pitfalls, of experimental research in gravitational physics. Accordingly, we have arranged all contributions alphabetically, by ~first-named) author.
Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts by S. Böhme,U. Esser,H. Hefele,I. Heinrich,W. Hofmann,D. Krahn,V. R. Matas,L. D. Schmadel,G. Zech Pdf
From the reviews: Astronomy and Astrophysics Abstracts has appeared in semi-annual volumes since 1969 and it has already become one of the fundamental publications in the fields of astronomy, astrophysics and neighbouring sciences. It is the most important English-language abstracting journal in the mentioned branches. ... The abstracts are classified under more than hundred subject categories, thus permitting a quick survey of the whole extended material. The AAA is a valuable and important publication for all students and scientists working in the fields of astronomy and related sciences. As such it represents a necessary ingredient of any astronomical library all over the world." Space Science Reviews #1 "Dividing the whole field plus related subjects into 108 categories, each work is numbered and most are accompanied by brief abstracts. Fairly comprehensive cross-referencing links relevant papers to more than one category, and exhaustive author and subject indices are to be found at the back, making the catalogues easy to use. The series appears to be so complete in its coverage and always less than a year out of date that I shall certainly have to make a little more space on those shelves for future volumes." The Observatory Magazine #1
Spacetime and Singularities by Gregory L. Naber Pdf
An elementary introduction to the geometrical methods and notions used in special and general relativity. Emphasizes the ideas concerned with structure of space-time that play a role in Penrose-Hawking singularity theorems.
The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time by S. W. Hawking,G. F. R. Ellis Pdf
Einstein's General Theory of Relativity leads to two remarkable predictions: first, that the ultimate destiny of many massive stars is to undergo gravitational collapse and to disappear from view, leaving behind a 'black hole' in space; and secondly, that there will exist singularities in space-time itself. These singularities are places where space-time begins or ends, and the presently known laws of physics break down. They will occur inside black holes, and in the past are what might be construed as the beginning of the universe. To show how these predictions arise, the authors discuss the General Theory of Relativity in the large. Starting with a precise formulation of the theory and an account of the necessary background of differential geometry, the significance of space-time curvature is discussed and the global properties of a number of exact solutions of Einstein's field equations are examined. The theory of the causal structure of a general space-time is developed, and is used to study black holes and to prove a number of theorems establishing the inevitability of singualarities under certain conditions. A discussion of the Cauchy problem for General Relativity is also included in this 1973 book.
This exploration of the global structure of spacetime within the context of general relativity examines the causal and singular structures of spacetime, revealing some of the curious possibilities that are compatible with the theory, such as 'time travel' and 'holes' of various types. Investigations into the epistemic and modal structures of spacetime highlight the difficulties in ruling out such possibilities, unlikely as they may seem at first. The upshot seems to be that what counts as a 'physically reasonable' spacetime structure in modern physics is far from clear.
Cognitive and Linguistic Aspects of Geographic Space by D.M. Mark,Andrew U. Frank Pdf
This book contains twenty-eight papers by participants in the NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) on "Cognitive and Linguistic Aspects of Geographic Space," held in Las Navas del Maxques, Spain, July 8-20, 1990. The NATO ASI marked a stage in a two-year research project at the U. S. National Center for Geographic Infonnation and Analysis (NCOIA). In 1987, the U. S. National Science Foundation issued a solicitation for proposals to establish the NCGIA-and one element of that solicitation was a call for research on a "fundamental theory of spatial relations". We felt that such a fundamental theory could be searched for in mathematics (geometry, topology) or in cognitive science, but that a simultaneous search in these two seemingly disparate research areas might produce novel results. Thus, as part of the NCGIA proposal from a consortium consisting of the University of California at Santa Barbara, the State University of New York at Buffalo, and the University of Maine, we proposed that the second major Research Initiative (two year, multidisciplinary research project) of the NCOIA would address these issues, and would be called "Languages of Spatial Relations" The grant to establish the NCOIA was awarded to our consortium late in 1988.
Breakdown Of Einstein's Equivalence Principle by Andrei G Lebed Pdf
An equality between inertial and gravitational masses was established by Galileo Galilei more than 400 years ago and was accepted by Albert Einstein as a key point of his theory of gravitation — General Relativity. The above mentioned equality is called the Equivalence Principle. In this pioneering book, some unusual situations are described, where the Equivalence Principle is theoretically broken, and the possible experiments, where such breakdowns can be observed, are discussed in a brief. It is known that, in standard situations, the Equivalence Principle is extremely well established on Earth and in space in numerous experiments, including experiments during the recent space mission MICROSCOPE. Therefore, this book suggests a real breakthrough in the better understanding of Einstein's gravitational theory and its relation to quantum mechanics, which is a definite step towards the so-called 'Theory of Everything'. This book is recommended for all readers who are interested in gravitation and General Relativity.
Constraint Decision-Making Systems in Engineering by Das, Santosh Kumar,Dey, Nilanjan Pdf
In recent years, most applications deal with constraint decision-making systems as problems are based on imprecise information and parameters. It is difficult to understand the nature of data based on applications and it requires a specific model for understanding the nature of the system. Further research on constraint decision-making systems in engineering is required. Constraint Decision-Making Systems in Engineering derives and explores several types of constraint decisions in engineering and focuses on new and innovative conclusions based on problems, robust and efficient systems, and linear and non-linear applications. Covering topics such as fault detection, data mining techniques, and knowledge-based management, this premier reference source is an essential resource for engineers, managers, computer scientists, students and educators of higher education, librarians, researchers, and academicians.
The Twelfth Marcel Grossmann Meeting by Thibault Damour,Robert Jantzen,Remo Ruffini Pdf
Marcel Grossmann Meetings are formed to further the development of General Relativity by promoting theoretical understanding in the fields of physics, mathematics, astronomy and astrophysics and to direct future technological, observational, and experimental efforts. In these meetings are discussed recent developments in classical and quantum gravity, general relativity and relativistic astrophysics, with major emphasis on mathematical foundations and physical predictions, with the main objective of gathering scientists from diverse backgrounds for deepening the understanding of spacetime structure and reviewing the status of test-experiments for Einstein's theory of gravitation. The range of topics is broad, going from the more abstract classical theory, quantum gravity and strings, to the more concrete relativistic astrophysics observations and modeling. The three volumes of the proceedings of MG12 give a broad view of all aspects of gravitational physics and astrophysics, from mathematical issues to recent observations and experiments. The scientific program of the meeting includes 29 plenary talks stretched over 6 mornings, and 74 parallel sessions over 5 afternoons. Volume A contains plenary and review talks ranging from the mathematical foundations of classical and quantum gravitational theories including recent developments in string theories, to precision tests of general relativity including progress towards the detection of gravitational waves, to relativistic astrophysics including such topics as gamma ray bursts, black hole physics both in our galaxy, in active galactic nuclei and in other galaxies, neutron stars, pulsar astrophysics, gravitational lensing effects, neutrino physics and ultra high energy cosmic rays. The rest of the volumes include parallel sessions on dark matter, neutrinos, X-ray sources, astrophysical black holes, neutron stars, binary systems, radiative transfer, accretion disks, alternative gravitational theories, perturbations of collapsed objects, analog models, black hole thermodynamics, cosmic background radiation & observational cosmology, numerical relativity & algebraic computing, gravitational lensing, variable “constants” of nature, large scale structure, topology of the universe, brane-world cosmology, early universe models & cosmic microwave background anisotropies, inhomogeneous cosmology, inflation, gamma ray burst modeling, supernovas, global structure, singularities, cosmic censorship, chaos, Einstein–Maxwell systems, inertial forces, gravitomagnetism, wormholes & time machines, exact solutions of Einstein's equations, gravitational waves, gravitational wave detectors & data analysis, precision gravitational measurements, history of relativity, quantum gravity & loop quantum gravity, Casimir effect, quantum cosmology, strings & branes, self-gravitating systems, gamma ray astronomy, cosmic rays, gamma ray bursts and quasars. Sample Chapter(s) Space-Time from the Spectral Point of View (467k) Contents: Space-Time from the Spectral Point of View (Ali H Chamseddine and Alain Connes)The Formation of Black Holes in General Relativity (Demetrios Christodoulou)Matching Conditions in Relativistic Astrophysics (Hernando Quevedo)Black Holes as a Source of Information (Juan Maldacena)Black Hole Microstate Counting and Its Macroscopic Counterpart (Ipsita Mandal and Ashoke Sen)Transplanckian String Collisions: An Update (Gabriele Veneziano)Ultraviolet Divergences and Scale-Dependent Gravitational Couplings (Herbert W Hamber)The Black Hole Stability Problem for Linear Scalar Perturbations (Mihalis Dafermos and Igor Rodnianski)The Global Network of Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Detectors (David H Reitze)Analytical Relativity of Black Holes (Thibault Damour)Detection of Gravitational Waves Using Pulsar Timing (Richard N Manchester)Relativistic Spin-Precession in Binary Pulsars (Michael Kramer)Supernovae and Gamma-Ray Bursts: 10 Years of Observations (Massimo Della Valle)Gamma-Ray Bursts as Relativistic Objects (Tsvi Piran)Fundamental Physics from Black Holes, Neutron Stars and Gamma-Ray Bursts (Remo Ruffini)The Fascinating TeV Sky (Felix Aharonian)Galaxy Clusters and Their Central Supermassive Black Holes: Case of M87 (Eugene Churazov, Sergey Sazonov, Rashid Sunyaev, William Forman, Christine Jones and Hans Böhringer)Intergalactic Shock Fronts (Maxim Markevitch)Studies of Dark Energy with X-Ray Observations of Galaxy Clusters (Alexey Vikhlinin)and other papers Keywords:General Relativity;Gravitation;Astrophysics;Quantum Gravity;Particle Physics;Cosmology;Theoretical Physics
The Einstein Equations and the Large Scale Behavior of Gravitational Fields by Piotr T. Chrusciel,Helmut Friedrich Pdf
The book presents state-of-the-art results on the analysis of the Einstein equations and the large scale structure of their solutions. It combines in a unique way introductory chapters and surveys of various aspects of the analysis of the Einstein equations in the large. It discusses applications of the Einstein equations in geometrical studies and the physical interpretation of their solutions. Open problems concerning analytical and numerical aspects of the Einstein equations are pointed out. Background material on techniques in PDE theory, differential geometry, and causal theory is provided.
Quantum Gravity by Bertfried Fauser,Jürgen Tolksdorf,Eberhard Zeidler Pdf
This book provides the reader with an overview of the different mathematical attempts to quantize gravity written by leading experts in this field. Also discussed are the possible experimental bounds on quantum gravity effects. The contributions have been strictly refereed and are written in an accessible style. The present volume emerged from the 2nd Blaubeuren Workshop "Mathematical and Physical Aspects of Quantum Gravity".
Detectors, Reference Frames, and Time by Alexander R. H. Smith Pdf
This thesis uses the tools of quantum information science to uncover fascinating new insights about the intersection of quantum theory and relativity. It is divided into three self-contained parts, the first of which employs detector models to investigate how the information content of quantum fields depends on spacetime curvature and global spacetime topology. The behavior of Unruh-DeWitt detectors on curved spacetimes are investigated, following which these detectors are used to probe the vacuum state of a scalar field in various topologies. This leads to a generalization of the entanglement harvesting protocol involving detectors in arbitrary curved spacetimes admitting a Wightman function. The second part extends the theory of quantum reference frames to those associated with noncompact groups. Motivated by the pursuit of a relational relativistic quantum theory where the group of reference frames is the Poincaré group, the author then generalizes a communication protocol between two parties lacking a common reference frame to the scenario where the group of transformations of their reference frame is a one-dimensional noncompact Lie group. Finally, the third part, inspired by theories of quantum gravity, generalizes the conditional probability interpretation of time, a proposed mechanism for time to emerge from a fundamentally timeless Universe. While the conditional probability interpretation of time is based upon conditioning a solution to the Wheeler-DeWitt equation on a subsystem of the universe that acts a clock, the author extends this approach to include an interaction between the system being used as a clock and a system whose evolution the clock is tracking.
Theoretical Foundations of Cosmology by Michael Heller Pdf
The book's principal aim is to clarify fundamental concepts, decipher mathematical structures used to model space-time and relativistic worlds, and to disclose their physical meaning. After each chapter, philosophical implications of the presented material are commented upon. Both special and general theories of relativity are presented in the book with the stress on their global aspects. Although global mathematical methods are extensively used throughout the book, the definitions of new concepts, short comments and examples make reading smooth without the need to consult other textbooks or review papers. Contents:Manifold Model of Space-TimeRelativistic Model of Space-TimeMethod of Fibre BundlesThe Frame Bundle and General RelativityThe Cosmological ProblemGeometry of the Standard Cosmological ModelBibliographical EssayAppendix. Evolution of Dynamical Space-Time TheoriesReferencesSymbol IndexAuthor and Subject Index Readership: Cosmologists, astronomers and theoretical physicists. keywords:Cosmology;Universe;Standard Cosmological Model;Space-Time;General Relativity;Special Relativity;Geometry of Space-Time;Differential Geometry;Fibre Bundles;Methodological Questions of Cosmology;Philosophy of Cosmology