Toxic Substances And Human Risk

Author : Robert G. Tardiff,Joseph V. Rodricks
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2013-03-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781468452907

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Toxic Substances and Human Risk by Robert G. Tardiff,Joseph V. Rodricks Pdf

As society has become increasingly aware of the potential threats to human health due to exposures to toxic chemicals in the environment and the workplace and in consumer products, it has placed increased demands upon the still-fledgling science of toxicology. As is often the case when science is called upon to supply firm answers when pertinent information and fundamental knowledge are lack ing, both the scientific and the social issues become confused and new tensions develop. One of the major purposes of this book is to focus on those aspects of the science of toxicology that pertain most to social issues-namely, analysis of risk for purposes of human health protection. Although it is apparent that the discipline of toxicology is not yet prepared to provide firm answers to many questions concerning human risk, it is important that the rigorously derived information be used in the most objective and logical way to yield the closest approximation to the truth. This book is designed to sup ply as much guidance for such tasks as is permitted by the current state of our knowledge. Its emphasis is thus placed on interpretation of toxicity data (broadly defined) for assessing risks to human health. In this way, it differs from other basic toxicology texts, most of which emphasize methods for performing studies or describe various toxicological endpoints and classes of toxic agents.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on National Monitoring of Human Tissues
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 1991-02-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309044370

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Monitoring Human Tissues for Toxic Substances by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on National Monitoring of Human Tissues Pdf

The National Human Monitoring Program (NHMP) identifies concentrations of specific chemicals in human tissues, including toxicologic testing and risk assessment determinations. This volume evaluates the current activities of the NHMP; identifies important scientific, technical, and programmatic issues; and makes recommendations regarding the design of the program and use of its products.

Author : Stephen Penningroth
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 194 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Environmental toxicology
ISBN : 0415248523

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Essentials of Toxic Chemical Risk by Stephen Penningroth Pdf

A contribution to the ongoing debate about how to manage the growing risks of anthropogenic chemicals in the environment, Essentials of Toxic Chemical Risk weaves together coverage of the science that underlies toxic chemical risk assessment, the physiological and molecular bases of chemical toxicity, the process of assessing toxic chemical risk to human health and the environment, and the strategies employed in managing it. The book links toxic chemical risk to the real world of people and communities confronted with the vexing problem of how to deal with products that make their lives better but that also harbor a potential for harm. The book introduces the basics of toxicology from a risk assessment perspective, using a jargon-free, journalistic style that makes scientific concepts accessible to a wide audience without "dumbing down" the science. It covers the fate and transport of chemicals in the environment, dose-effect, animal toxicity testing, human epidemiology, the uptake, distribution, and elimination of toxic chemicals including first-order rate constants and calculations of body burdens, and the cellular basis of cancer and other diseases that can be caused by toxic chemicals. The book also introduces risk management and discusses the balance between precaution and socio-economic benefits, as embodied by the Toxic Substances Control Act, the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, and the European Unione(tm)s innovative REACH directive (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of chemicals). Putting equal emphasis on the twin issues of risk assessment and risk management, the author has carefully selected topics that shed light on risk management decisions and cover ecotoxicolocy and organismic toxicology. The book provides a thorough introduction to the science of toxicology and to the policy debates and scientific uncertainties that make risk management a work in progress.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 54 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 1985
Category : Rish management
ISBN : UOM:39015015524146

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Risk Assessment and Risk Management of Toxic Substances by Anonim Pdf

Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Risk Assessment of Hazardous Air Pollutants
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 668 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 1994-01-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309048941

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Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on Risk Assessment of Hazardous Air Pollutants Pdf

The public depends on competent risk assessment from the federal government and the scientific community to grapple with the threat of pollution. When risk reports turn out to be overblownâ€"or when risks are overlookedâ€"public skepticism abounds. This comprehensive and readable book explores how the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) can improve its risk assessment practices, with a focus on implementation of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. With a wealth of detailed information, pertinent examples, and revealing analysis, the volume explores the "default option" and other basic concepts. It offers two views of EPA operations: The first examines how EPA currently assesses exposure to hazardous air pollutants, evaluates the toxicity of a substance, and characterizes the risk to the public. The second, more holistic, view explores how EPA can improve in several critical areas of risk assessment by focusing on cross-cutting themes and incorporating more scientific judgment. This comprehensive volume will be important to the EPA and other agencies, risk managers, environmental advocates, scientists, faculty, students, and concerned individuals.

Author : D. J. D. Malachowski,Goldberg, CIH, Arleen F.
Publisher : Government Institutes
Page : 314 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 1999-06-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461712725

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Health Effects of Toxic Substances by D. J. D. Malachowski,Goldberg, CIH, Arleen F. Pdf

This 2nd Edition is a significantly expanded exploration of hazardous chemicals, their effects on human health, and the principles of hazards materials toxicology and industrial hygiene. It includes up-to-date coverage of industrial hygiene, risk assessment, and epidemiology as well as continued coverage of medical monitoring, treatment, and management; industrial toxicology; exposure and entry routes; action of toxic substances; target organ effects; and exposure control methods. With this book, you'll learn how to understand the toxic substances present at your facility, determine how hazardous chemicals enter your site, and assess the long- and short-term effects of common workplace chemicals. You'll also learn how to protect your company and employees from the effects of toxic substances and handle industrial chemicals safely.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 16 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 1991-07
Category : Hazardous substances
ISBN : MINN:31951D01094599G

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Hazardous Substances & Public Health by Anonim Pdf

Author : Carl F. Cranor
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 265 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780190635756

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Tragic Failures by Carl F. Cranor Pdf

A world awash in little understood chemicals tragically harms adults and children alike. Laws keep health agencies in the dark about toxicants; slow, well motivated research hampers protections; and strenuous vested opposition exacerbates the harm. How science is used in the tort law can facilitate or frustrate redress of harm. This book recommends better approaches. -- Provided by publisher.

Author : R. Warren Flint,John Vena
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 322 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 1991-04-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 0873714350

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Human Health Risks from Chemical Exposure by R. Warren Flint,John Vena Pdf

More than 100 professionals have contributed to this important book summarizing much of what is known about the issue of chemicals in the Great Lakes environment and the risks these chemicals pose to human health. The book makes significant recommendations for action in policy, communication, education, and research regarding the chemicals and their risks. The views of individuals from government, universities, industries, and public special interest groups in Canada and the United States have been integrated into a comprehensive statement that reflects scenarios that are applicable worldwide.

Author : Joseph V. Rodricks
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 19 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2006-11-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781139459518

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Calculated Risks by Joseph V. Rodricks Pdf

Safeguarding economic prosperity, whilst protecting human health and the environment, is at the forefront of scientific and public interest. This book provides a practical and balanced view on toxicology, control, risk assessment and risk management, addressing the interplay between science and public health policy. This revised edition provides a detailed analysis on chemical and by-product exposure, how they enter the body and the suitability of imposed safety limits. Chapters on dose, with particular emphasis on children and vulnerable subpopulations, reproductive and developmental toxicants and toxicity testing are included. With updated and comprehensive coverage of international developments of risk management and safety, this will have broad appeal to researchers and professionals involved in chemical safety and regulation as well as the general reader interested in environmental pollution and public health.

Author : Paul E. Rosenfeld,Lydia Feng
Publisher : William Andrew
Page : 472 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2011-03-22
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 1437778437

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Risks of Hazardous Wastes by Paul E. Rosenfeld,Lydia Feng Pdf

Hazardous waste in the environment is one of the most difficult challenges facing our society. The purpose of this book is to provide a background of the many aspects of hazardous waste, from its sources to its consequences, focusing on the risks posed to human health and the environment. It explains the legislation and regulations surrounding hazardous waste; however, the scope of the book is much broader, discussing agents that are released into the environment that might not be classified as hazardous waste under the regulatory system, but nonetheless pose substantial hazards to human health and the environment. It provides a background of some of the major generators of hazardous wastes, explains the pathways by which humans and wildlife are exposed, and includes discussion of the adverse health effects linked to these pollutants. It provides numerous case studies of hazardous waste mismanagement that have led to disastrous consequences, and highlights the deficiencies in science and regulation that have allowed the public to be subjected to myriad potentially hazardous agents. Finally, it provides a discussion of measures that will need to be taken to control society’s hazardous waste problem. This book was designed to appeal to a wide range of audiences, including students, professionals, and general readers interested in the topic. Provides information about sources of and health risks posed by hazardous waste Explains the legislation and regulations surrounding hazardous waste Includes numerous case studies of mismanagement, highlights deficiencies in science and regulation and discusses measures to tackle society’s hazardous waste problems

Author : K. Asante-Duah
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 372 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2002-09-30
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1402009208

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Public Health Risk Assessment for Human Exposure to Chemicals by K. Asante-Duah Pdf

In fact, with the control and containment of most infectious conditions and diseases of the past millennium having been achieved in most developed countries, and with the resultant increase in life expectancies, much more attention seems to have shifted to degenerative health problems. Many of the degenerative health conditions have been linked to thousands of chemicals regularly encountered in human living and occupational/work environments. It is important, therefore, that human health risk assessments are undertaken on a consistent basis - in order to determine the potential impacts of the target chemicals on public health.

Author : Till M Bachmann
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 612 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2006-03-02
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0080462529

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Hazardous Substances and Human Health by Till M Bachmann Pdf

There is widespread public concern about hazardous chemicals that are contained in air, soil, water and food. Policy has therefore adopted a series of laws and regulations concerning emissions into and concentration levels in different media including food. As policy makers do not only have to consider the protection of the environment but also need to ensure a well-functioning economy at the same time, these limit or target values need to be set in a balanced way. The main problem, however, is to compare the costs for achieving these targets with the benefits to society by having a smaller exposure to hazardous substances (cost-benefit analysis). This book sets out to improve the reliability of cost-benefit analyses particularly of hazardous substances present in air, water, soil and food. It suggests that the human health risk assessment of chemicals is performed in a bottom-up analysis, i.e., following a spatially resolved multimedia modelling approach. In order to support cost-benefit analyses, the approach is accompanied by monetary valuation of human health impacts, yielding so-called external costs. Results for selected priority metals show that these external costs are small compared to those by the classical air pollutants and involve rather long time horizons touching on the aspect of intergenerational equity within sustainable development. When including further hazardous substances, the total external costs attributable to contaminants are expected to be more substantial.

Author : Ronald E. Gots
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 294 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 1992-10-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 0873715101

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Toxic Risks by Ronald E. Gots Pdf

Policymakers, health professionals, and the general public face growing concerns about environmental matters, particularly those related to "toxic" chemicals and their effects on public health. Toxic Risks: Science, Regulation, and Perception explores the political, popular, and regulatory aspects of toxicity and contrasts them with scientifically established facts. The book will be valuable for industrial hygienists, toxicologists, environmental scientists, occupational medicine physicians, family physicians, environmental consultants, government policymakers, and individuals interested in the effects of toxic chemicals on public health.

Author : Peter LaGoy
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 259 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 1994-12-31
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780815518921

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Risk Assessment by Peter LaGoy Pdf

Site-specific risk assessment is the process of evaluating whether or not a site poses a risk to human health or the environment. The purpose of all hazardous waste site remediation is ultimately to render a site safe for human or ecological populations. Consequently, risk assessment, as the process used to measure the effectiveness of the remediation process, is critical to all hazardous waste-site work. Risk assessment at hazardous waste sites involves the use of standard approaches and assumptions in a reasoned, common sense manner. The purpose of this book is to provide practical guidance to people wishing to learn about, conduct, or use risk assessment procedures in evaluating hazardous waste sites. Critical issues, standard formulas and assumptions, and guidance on characterizing risk results in a useable manner are presented. The use of risk assessment as a key tool in selecting appropriate remedial options at hazardous waste sites is also described. Most attention is given to human health risks associated with exposure to toxic chemicals, but descriptions of the strategies used to estimate radiation health risks and to evaluate risks to the environment are also provided. Although most commonly applied to hazardous waste site remediation, the procedures outlined in this book are generally applicable to any situation involving a potential for health risks to an exposed population. This book provides guidance on the mechanics of risk assessment preparation and illustrates these approaches with examples. However, the focus of the book is on the subjective nature of risk assessment, the art rather than the science. The actual risk (i.e., the right answer) can never be known. Consequently, while it is valuable to attempt to obtain the best numeric solution, reasonableness and the application of common sense are equally important. The book therefore devotes a substantial amount of space to issues of uncertainty that are inherent in risk assessment, and the need to address this uncertainty.