Tracking Economic And Financial Policies During Covid 19 An Announcement Level Database

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Tracking Economic and Financial Policies During COVID-19: An Announcement-Level Database

Mr. Divya Kirti,Yang Liu,Soledad Martinez Peria,Ms. Prachi Mishra,Jan Strasky
Tracking Economic and Financial Policies During COVID 19 An Announcement Level Database Book PDF

Author : Mr. Divya Kirti,Yang Liu,Soledad Martinez Peria,Ms. Prachi Mishra,Jan Strasky
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 29 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2022-06-03
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9798400213069

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Tracking Economic and Financial Policies During COVID-19: An Announcement-Level Database by Mr. Divya Kirti,Yang Liu,Soledad Martinez Peria,Ms. Prachi Mishra,Jan Strasky Pdf

We introduce a new comprehensive announcement-level database tracking the extraordinary fiscal, monetary, prudential, and other policies that countries adopted in response to Covid-19. The database provides detailed information, including sizes where available, for 28 granular policies adopted by 74 countries during 2020. About 5,500 policy measures were announced during this period. Importantly, the database is organized and presented in a format easy for researchers to use in empirical analyses. Announcements were highly correlated across the broad fiscal, monetary, and prudential categories and at more granular levels. Advanced economies (AEs) introduced larger fiscal measures than emerging and developing economies (EMDEs) and relied primarily on large unconventional monetary policies. Bank capital requirements were relaxed widely in both AEs and EMs, while relaxation of provisioning requirements was more common among EMs. Supervisory expectations and reporting requirements were widely relaxed.

International Capital Markets

Morris Goldstein,David Fokke Ihno Folkerts-Landau
International Capital Markets Book PDF

Author : Morris Goldstein,David Fokke Ihno Folkerts-Landau
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 65 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781557754264

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International Capital Markets by Morris Goldstein,David Fokke Ihno Folkerts-Landau Pdf

The Effects of Fiscal Measures During COVID-19

Care Homes in a Turbulent Era

Komla Dzigbede,W. B. Hildreth
Care Homes in a Turbulent Era Book PDF

Author : Komla Dzigbede,W. B. Hildreth
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 459 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2023-08-14
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781800379718

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Care Homes in a Turbulent Era by Komla Dzigbede,W. B. Hildreth Pdf

This scholarly Research Handbook captures key observations and analyses within the field of public financial management. It offers much-needed insights into possible future research ventures while presenting contemporary summaries of past studies in this ever-evolving field.

Global Trends 2040

National Intelligence Council
Global Trends 2040 Book PDF

Author : National Intelligence Council
Publisher : Cosimo Reports
Page : 158 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2021-03
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1646794974

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Global Trends 2040 by National Intelligence Council Pdf

"The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.

Shock Absorbers Or Transmitters? The Role of Foreign Banks During COVID-19

Weijia Yao,Anamika Sen,Juan Yepez
Shock Absorbers Or Transmitters The Role of Foreign Banks During COVID 19 Book PDF

Author : Weijia Yao,Anamika Sen,Juan Yepez
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 33 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2022-09-16
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9798400222030

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Shock Absorbers Or Transmitters? The Role of Foreign Banks During COVID-19 by Weijia Yao,Anamika Sen,Juan Yepez Pdf

This paper studies whether bank ownership influenced lending behavior during the COVID-19 shock. It finds that, similar to previous episodes of financial distress, foreign banks appear to have played a shock-transmitting role, as there was a sharp slowdown in lending by foreign banks’ affiliates relative to domestic banks. However, given the uniqueness of the COVID-19 shock and the impact of lockdowns on economic activity, foreign banks were found to lend at a higher rate than domestic banks once the stringency of mobility restrictions is accounted for, with their lending portfolio concentrated more in the corporate sector. Results also suggest that the difference in lending rates between foreign and domestic banks could be explained by the heterogeneous effects of policy measures in response to the pandemic. In jurisdictions with more stringent mobility restrictions, policy interventions actually encouraged higher lending by foreign banks. These findings suggest that foreign bank presence may have acted as a shock absorber in jurisdictions where economic activity was most affected by the pandemic.

Macroprudential Policy Effects

Nina Biljanovska,Sophia Chen,R. Gelos,Deniz Igan,Maria Martinez Peria,Erlend Nier,Fabian Valencia
Macroprudential Policy Effects Book PDF

Author : Nina Biljanovska,Sophia Chen,R. Gelos,Deniz Igan,Maria Martinez Peria,Erlend Nier,Fabian Valencia
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 52 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2023-03-31
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9798400226304

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Macroprudential Policy Effects by Nina Biljanovska,Sophia Chen,R. Gelos,Deniz Igan,Maria Martinez Peria,Erlend Nier,Fabian Valencia Pdf

The global financial crisis (GFC) underscored the need for additional policy tools to safeguard financial stability and ultimately macroeconomic stability. Systemic financial vulnerabilities had developed under a seemingly tranquil macroeconomic surface of low inflation and small output gaps. This challenged the precrisis view that achieving these traditional policy targets was a sufficient condition for macroeconomic stability. Thus, new tools had to be deployed to target specific financial vulnerabilities and to build buffers to cushion adverse aggregate shocks, while allowing traditional policy levers, including monetary and microprudential policies to focus on their traditional roles. Macroprudential policy measures emerged as the solution to this gap. Some of these measures had been used before the GFC (mostly in emerging markets). But it was only after the crisis that they were more widely adopted, and the toolkit expanded. This spurred a growing body of empirical research on the effects and potential shortfalls of these measures, with a further deepening of this knowledge gaining importance as policymakers confront increased financial stability risks in the post-pandemic world. Recognizing that there still is much to learn, this paper takes stock of our expanding understanding about the effects (and side effects) of macroprudential measures by focusing on these questions: What have we learned about the effects of macroprudential policy in containing the buildup of vulnerabilities? What do we know about the effects on economic activity and resilience? How do policy effects vary with conditions and over time? How important are leakages and circumvention? How do the effects on credit depend on other policies?

The Federal Reserve System Purposes and Functions

Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
The Federal Reserve System Purposes and Functions Book PDF

Author : Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Banks and Banking
ISBN : 0894991965

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The Federal Reserve System Purposes and Functions by Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Pdf

Provides an in-depth overview of the Federal Reserve System, including information about monetary policy and the economy, the Federal Reserve in the international sphere, supervision and regulation, consumer and community affairs and services offered by Reserve Banks. Contains several appendixes, including a brief explanation of Federal Reserve regulations, a glossary of terms, and a list of additional publications.

Global Value Chain and Inflation Dynamics

Vu Chau,Mrs. Marina Conesa Martinez,Mr. Taehoon Kim,John A Spray
Global Value Chain and Inflation Dynamics Book PDF

Author : Vu Chau,Mrs. Marina Conesa Martinez,Mr. Taehoon Kim,John A Spray
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 57 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2024-03-22
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9798400268847

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Global Value Chain and Inflation Dynamics by Vu Chau,Mrs. Marina Conesa Martinez,Mr. Taehoon Kim,John A Spray Pdf

We study the inflationary impacts of pandemic lockdown shocks and fiscal and monetary stimulus during 2020-2022 using a novel harmonized dataset of sectoral producer price inflation and input-output linkages for more than 1000 sectors in 53 countries. The inflationary impact of shocks is identified via a Bartik shift-share design, where shares reflect the heterogeneous sectoral exposure to shocks and are derived from a macroeconomic model of international production network. We find that pandemic lockdowns, and subsequent reopening policies, were the most dominant driver of global inflation in this period, especially through their impact on aggregate demand. We provide a decomposition of lockdown shock by sources, and find that between 20-30 percent of the demand effect of lockdown/reopening is due to spillover from abroad. Finally, while fiscal and monetary policies played an important role in preventing deflation in 2020, their effects diminished in the recovery years.

The State of Capitalism

Costas Lapavitsas,The EReNSEP Writing Collective
The State of Capitalism Book PDF

Author : Costas Lapavitsas,The EReNSEP Writing Collective
Publisher : Verso Books
Page : 543 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2023-08-29
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781839767852

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The State of Capitalism by Costas Lapavitsas,The EReNSEP Writing Collective Pdf

The health emergency that broke out in 2020 is a landmark event in the development of capitalism, confirming the underlying change signalled by the Great Crisis of 2007-9. The Pandemic Crisis has catapulted the state to the centre of economic activity. However, a historic impasse is steadily becoming apparent at the core of the world economy Productive accumulation is flaccid, as both profitability and labour productivity are weak. Financialisation has entered a new phase, as "shadow banking" grew relative to other banks but is entirely dependent on the state. The power of the state derives from command over fiat money and can certainly deliver enormous boosts to aggregate demand, but that is not enough to tackle the weakness of the productive sector. The rise in inflation for the first time in forty years indicates the impasse. There is a transparent need for intervention on the supply side, directly challenging capitalist property rights. There is no evidence, however, that the ruling blocs in core countries would engage in such policies. The Pandemic Crisis also brought to the fore fresh divisions of core and periphery across the world economy. Imperialism has assumed new forms, spurred by globally active financial capital and internationalised productive capital. A renewed contest for hegemony has emerged as US power declined. The economic challenge of China will unfold steadily in the years ahead, intensifying political tensions and military rivalries. This book is the work of a research collective comprising authors from several parts of the world. It analyses these vital issues from the perspective of Marxist political economy and puts forth alternative anticapitalist proposals.

Reimagining Systems Thinking in a Post-Pandemic World

Azukas, M. Elizabeth,Kim, Minkyoung
Reimagining Systems Thinking in a Post Pandemic World Book PDF

Author : Azukas, M. Elizabeth,Kim, Minkyoung
Publisher : IGI Global
Page : 345 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2023-07-03
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781668472866

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Reimagining Systems Thinking in a Post-Pandemic World by Azukas, M. Elizabeth,Kim, Minkyoung Pdf

The COVID-19 pandemic caused the largest systemic disruption in history. The pandemic was a complex phenomenon that impacted economic, political, and education systems. The pandemic had widespread business impacts, having forced many businesses to close, and the world is still impacted by the effects of supply chain disruptions. The pandemic also impacted political systems with disputes over mask mandates, lockdowns, and vaccine distribution. The COVID-19 pandemic further caused the most extensive education system disruption in history. The pandemic has highlighted the world’s complex interdependent structures, and it will require a multidisciplinary systems thinking approach for post-pandemic recovery and future pandemic prevention. Reimagining Systems Thinking in a Post-Pandemic World examines the role of systems thinking in a post-pandemic world. It identifies effective models of systems thinking and destems design and generates continuous knowledge building on systems thinking by addressing a multitude of industries and service communities. This book provides value in understanding the complexities of an interconnected world and in the exploration of effective approaches to systems thinking and design. Covering topics such as blended learning, local governments, and systems thinking, this premier reference source is an excellent resource for practitioners, policymakers, healthcare providers, business leaders and managers, educators of both K-12 and higher education, pre-service teachers, administrators and faculty, teacher educators, sociologists, librarians, researchers, and academicians.

Limits to Private Climate Change Mitigation

Dalya Elmalt,Mr. Divya Kirti,Ms. Deniz O Igan
Limits to Private Climate Change Mitigation Book PDF

Author : Dalya Elmalt,Mr. Divya Kirti,Ms. Deniz O Igan
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2021-04-29
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513582504

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Limits to Private Climate Change Mitigation by Dalya Elmalt,Mr. Divya Kirti,Ms. Deniz O Igan Pdf

As climate change looms larger, many look to sustainable investing that incorporates environmental, social, and governance (ESG) concerns as part of the way forward. To assess scope for ESG-conscious investing to achieve climate change goals, we explore the link between emissions growth and ESG scores using firm-level data for the largest emitters around the world. Discouragingly, our analysis uncovers at best a weak relationship: firms with better ESG scores do display somewhat slower emissions growth but this link is substantially attenuated and no longer statistically significant if we limit attention to within-country or within-firm variation. Our findings suggest limited scope for sustainable investing strategies conditioned solely on ESG indicators to meaningfully help mitigate climate change and, more broadly, underscore the need to continue to build consensus towards effective economy-wide policies to address climate change.

Canada

International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Canada Book PDF

Author : International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 85 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2019-06-24
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781498321112

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Canada by International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department Pdf

This Financial System Stability Assessment paper discusses that Canada has enjoyed favorable macroeconomic outcomes over the past decades, and its vibrant financial system continues to grow robustly. However, macrofinancial vulnerabilities—notably, elevated household debt and housing market imbalances—remain substantial, posing financial stability concerns. Various parts of the financial system are directly exposed to the housing market and/or linked through housing finance. The financial system would be able to manage severe macrofinancial shocks. Major deposit-taking institutions would remain resilient, but mortgage insurers would need additional capital in a severe adverse scenario. Housing finance is broadly resilient, notwithstanding some weaknesses in the small non-prime mortgage lending segment. Although banks’ overall capital buffers are adequate, additional required capital for mortgage exposures, along with measures to increase risk-based differentiation in mortgage pricing, would be desirable. This would help ensure adequate through-the cycle buffers, improve mortgage risk-pricing, and limit procyclical effects induced by housing market corrections.

Economic and fiscal outlook

Office for Budget Responsibility
Economic and fiscal outlook Book PDF

Author : Office for Budget Responsibility
Publisher : The Stationery Office
Page : 164 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2010-11-29
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0101797923

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Economic and fiscal outlook by Office for Budget Responsibility Pdf

The Office for Budget Responsibility was established to provide independent and authoritative analysis of the UK's public finances. Part of this role includes producing the official economic and fiscal forecasts. This report sets out forecasts for the period to 2015-16. The report also assesses whether the Government is on course to meet the medium-term fiscal objectives and presents preliminary observations on the long-run sustainability of the public finances. Since the June forecast, the UK economy has recovered more strongly than initially expected. The GDP growth was greater than expected in both the 2nd and 3rd quarters, but that unemployment levels have risen to levels that the June forecast did not anticipate until the middle of 2012. In general the world economy has also grown more strongly. CPI inflation has remained slightly higher than expected in June, whilst public finances have performed as forecast. The interest rates on UK debt are lower than in June. The OBR forecasts that the economy will continue to recover from the recession, but at a slower pace than the recoveries of the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s. The publication is divided into 5 chapters with two annexes.

OECD Economic Outlook, Volume 2020 Issue 1

OECD
OECD Economic Outlook Volume 2020 Issue 1 Book PDF

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 327 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2020-06-10
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264700611

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OECD Economic Outlook, Volume 2020 Issue 1 by OECD Pdf

The OECD Economic Outlook is the OECD's twice-yearly analysis of the major economic trends and prospects for the next two years. This issue includes a general assessment of the macroeconomic situation, a series of notes on the macroeconomic and structural policy issues related to the COVID-19 outbreak and a chapter summarising developments and providing projections for each individual country.

The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report

Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission
The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report Book PDF

Author : Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission
Publisher : Cosimo, Inc.
Page : 692 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2011-05-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781616405410

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The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report by Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission Pdf

The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report, published by the U.S. Government and the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission in early 2011, is the official government report on the United States financial collapse and the review of major financial institutions that bankrupted and failed, or would have without help from the government. The commission and the report were implemented after Congress passed an act in 2009 to review and prevent fraudulent activity. The report details, among other things, the periods before, during, and after the crisis, what led up to it, and analyses of subprime mortgage lending, credit expansion and banking policies, the collapse of companies like Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and the federal bailouts of Lehman and AIG. It also discusses the aftermath of the fallout and our current state. This report should be of interest to anyone concerned about the financial situation in the U.S. and around the world.THE FINANCIAL CRISIS INQUIRY COMMISSION is an independent, bi-partisan, government-appointed panel of 10 people that was created to "examine the causes, domestic and global, of the current financial and economic crisis in the United States." It was established as part of the Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009. The commission consisted of private citizens with expertise in economics and finance, banking, housing, market regulation, and consumer protection. They examined and reported on "the collapse of major financial institutions that failed or would have failed if not for exceptional assistance from the government."News Dissector DANNY SCHECHTER is a journalist, blogger and filmmaker. He has been reporting on economic crises since the 1980's when he was with ABC News. His film In Debt We Trust warned of the economic meltdown in 2006. He has since written three books on the subject including Plunder: Investigating Our Economic Calamity (Cosimo Books, 2008), and The Crime Of Our Time: Why Wall Street Is Not Too Big to Jail (Disinfo Books, 2011), a companion to his latest film Plunder The Crime Of Our Time. He can be reached online at www.newsdissector.com.