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Author : Irfan-ul-Haque,R. Martin N. Bell Publisher : World Bank Publications Page : 232 pages File Size : 52,6 Mb Release : 1995-01-01 Category : Business & Economics ISBN : 0821334182
Trade, Technology, and International Competitiveness by Irfan-ul-Haque,R. Martin N. Bell Pdf
World Bank Technical Paper No. 300. Provides an overview of past experiences with the introduction of agricultural technologies in World Bank-funded projects in Mediterranean climates, with an emphasis on the Middle East and North African region. The authors review the adequacy of present crop and livestock technologies, identify technical and socio-economic constraints on their adoption, and describe prospective technologies for pilot testing and full-scale introduction in future Bank-funded projects.
Focusing on the interactions of producers, sellers and consumers of meat across the world, from the nineteenth century onwards, Richard Perren provides a comprehensive analysis of how an efficient meat exporting industry was built. The study utilises the government reports and papers issued by all countries involved in the meat trade, including North and South America, Australia, New Zealand and Britain.
Trade and Technology Networks in the Chinese Textile Industry by Carles Brasó Broggi Pdf
The aim of this book is to track the historical origins of China’s economic reforms. From the 1920s and 1930s strong ties were built between Chinese textile industrialists and foreign machinery importers in Shanghai and the Yangzi Delta. Despite the fragmentation of China, the contribution of these networks to the modernization of the country was important and longstanding. Facing the challenge of growing in a fragmented country, Chinese textile firms such as Dafeng, Dacheng and Lixin focused on urban markets and also on importing technology for upgrading their production. When the war against Japan blocked trade routes inside China, these networks were concentrated in Shanghai where they envisaged an export-oriented development strategy for China that was based on importing machinery and exporting manufactured products. However, this strategy was only implemented precariously in Shanghai, while the city stood as a neutral space in the first years of the Japanese occupation, but was only consolidated in Hong Kong in the late 1940s, where textile industrialist and most of the foreign importers migrated. These networks were thus reestablished in Hong Kong, where they contributed to the city's industrialization in the Cold War period. Meanwhile, the Chinese industrialists that stayed in Shanghai and the Yangzi Delta had to adapt to the Maoist regime and were progressively incorporated into the state-owned companies or the local government agencies such as the United Front or the Textile bureaus. However, from the early 1970s, the links between Hong Kong and Shanghai were reactivated and these networks played, again, a key role in the modernization of China, especially regarding the imports of technology and exports of manufactured goods. The book ends with the first joint-ventures between Hong Kong businessmen and Chinese local administrations that took place in the beginnings of China's economic reforms in 1979.
Technology Policy: Trade and technology issues by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. Subcommittee on Technology, Environment, and Aviation Pdf
National Research Council,Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy
Author : National Research Council,Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 451 pages File Size : 43,8 Mb Release : 1997-10-10 Category : Political Science ISBN : 9780309057295
International Friction and Cooperation in High-Technology Development and Trade by National Research Council,Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy Pdf
Author : Irfan-ul-Haque,R. Martin N. Bell Publisher : World Bank Publications Page : 232 pages File Size : 47,9 Mb Release : 1995 Category : Business & Economics ISBN : UCSD:31822023390917
Trade, Technology, and International Competitiveness by Irfan-ul-Haque,R. Martin N. Bell Pdf
Addresses the issue of international competitiveness from the perspective of developing countries, which must exploit the opportunities offered by international trade and the extraordinarily rapid technological progress of recent years. The book's central message is that while sound macroeconomic management is crucial for achieving a sustained rise in living standards, it is an economy's ability to generate and manage technological change that ultimately determines its success in the world market and the pace at which it grows.
Governments around the world? This volume answers these questions on the basis of detailed and rigorous case studies of trade disputes between the United States, Japan, and Europe in aircraft, semiconductors, supercomputers, telecommunications, and other electronics products. Tyson proposes a "cautious activist" policy agenda to promote US competitiveness in high-technology sectors and to strengthen multilateral rules governing high-technology trade.
The COVID-19 pandemic struck the global economy after a decade that featured a broad-based slowdown in productivity growth. Global Productivity: Trends, Drivers, and Policies presents the first comprehensive analysis of the evolution and drivers of productivity growth, examines the effects of COVID-19 on productivity, and discusses a wide range of policies needed to rekindle productivity growth. The book also provides a far-reaching data set of multiple measures of productivity for up to 164 advanced economies and emerging market and developing economies, and it introduces a new sectoral database of productivity. The World Bank has created an extraordinary book on productivity, covering a large group of countries and using a wide variety of data sources. There is an emphasis on emerging and developing economies, whereas the prior literature has concentrated on developed economies. The book seeks to understand growth patterns and quantify the role of (among other things) the reallocation of factors, technological change, and the impact of natural disasters, including the COVID-19 pandemic. This book is must-reading for specialists in emerging economies but also provides deep insights for anyone interested in economic growth and productivity. Martin Neil Baily Senior Fellow, The Brookings Institution Former Chair, U.S. President’s Council of Economic Advisers This is an important book at a critical time. As the book notes, global productivity growth had already been slowing prior to the COVID-19 pandemic and collapses with the pandemic. If we want an effective recovery, we have to understand what was driving these long-run trends. The book presents a novel global approach to examining the levels, growth rates, and drivers of productivity growth. For anyone wanting to understand or influence productivity growth, this is an essential read. Nicholas Bloom William D. Eberle Professor of Economics, Stanford University The COVID-19 pandemic hit a global economy that was already struggling with an adverse pre-existing condition—slow productivity growth. This extraordinarily valuable and timely book brings considerable new evidence that shows the broad-based, long-standing nature of the slowdown. It is comprehensive, with an exceptional focus on emerging market and developing economies. Importantly, it shows how severe disasters (of which COVID-19 is just the latest) typically harm productivity. There are no silver bullets, but the book suggests sensible strategies to improve growth prospects. John Fernald Schroders Chaired Professor of European Competitiveness and Reform and Professor of Economics, INSEAD
Trade Finance provides a much-needed re-examination of the relevant legal principles and a study of the challenges posed to current legal structures by technological changes, financial innovation, and international regulation. Arising out of the papers presented at the symposium, Trade Finance for the 21st Century, this collection brings together the perspectives of scholars and practitioners from around the globe focusing on core themes, such as reform and the future role of the UCP, the impact of technology on letters of credit and other forms of trade finance, and the rise of alternative forms of financing. The book covers three key fields of trade finance, starting with the challenges to traditional trade financing by means of documentary credit. These include issues related to contractual enforceability, the use of "soft clauses", the doctrine of strict compliance, the fraud exception, the role of the correspondent bank, performance bonds, and conflict of laws problems. The second main area covered by the work is the technological issues and opportunities in trade finance, including electronic bills of exchange, blockchain, and electronically transferable records. The final part of the work considers alternative and complementary trade finance mechanisms such as open account trading, supply-chain financing, the bank payment obligation, and countertrade.
Technology, Industry and Trade by Eliyahu Ashtor Pdf
This is the fifth collection of articles by Eliyahu Ashtor to be published by Variorum and focuses on the fundamental question of why, during the later Middle Ages, technology and industry declined, even collapsed, in the Muslim Levant, while simultaneously making enormous progress in the Christian West. An indefatigable researcher in archives all over the Mediterranean, Ashtor amassed quantities of data on this subject, and began to propose causal links between, on the one hand, demographic trends, types of political regime, economic policies and attitudes towards innovation, and on the other, the progress or decline of technology and industry. Although his work was cut short by his death in 1984, the information that Ashtor has made available, for instance on the sugar and the alkali industries, and the questions and hypotheses he has suggested will provide a vital basis for continuing research. The final article, dealing more specifically with the history of commerce, represents in effect a summation of the author's views on the role of the Jews in the trade of the Mediterranean.La cinquième collection d'articles d'Eliyahu Ashtor à être publiée par Variorum (pour les deux volumes encore disponibles, voir p.00) se concentre sur la raison fondamentale pour laquelle, durant le Bas Moyen Age, la technologie et l'industrie dans le Levant musulman étaient en déclin, voire même en plein effondrement, alors qu'elles faisaient simultanément d'énormes progrès dans l'Ouest chrétien. Cherchiste infatiguable des archives méditerranéennes, Ashtor a amassé quantité d'informations à ce sujet et a commencé à suggérer l'existence de lien de cause entre: d'une part, les tendances démongraphiques, les types de régimes politiques, la politique économique et les attitudes vis-à-vis du changement et, d'autre part, le progrès ou le déclin de la technologie et de l'industrie. Bien que son travail ait été interrompu par sa mort en 1984, l'information découverte par Ashtor, ainsi que les questions et hypothèses qu'il a suggéré forment une base essentielle à la continuation de la recherche. Le dernier article, qui traite plus spécifiquement de l'histoire du commerce, fait effet de récapitulatif quant aux opinions de l'auteur sur le rôle des juifs dans le commerce méditerranéen.
Proceedings of the Sixth Convocation of The Council of Academies of Engineering and Technological Sciences
Author : Proceedings of the Sixth Convocation of The Council of Academies of Engineering and Technological Sciences Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 225 pages File Size : 48,5 Mb Release : 1988-02-01 Category : Political Science ISBN : 9780309038423
Globalization of Technology by Proceedings of the Sixth Convocation of The Council of Academies of Engineering and Technological Sciences Pdf
The technological revolution has reached around the world, with important consequences for business, government, and the labor market. Computer-aided design, telecommunications, and other developments are allowing small players to compete with traditional giants in manufacturing and other fields. In this volume, 16 engineering and industrial experts representing eight countries discuss the growth of technological advances and their impact on specific industries and regions of the world. From various perspectives, these distinguished commentators describe the practical aspects of technology's reach into business and trade.
Global Integration and Technology Transfer by Bernard M. Hoekman,Beata Smarzynska Javorcik Pdf
The importance of international technology diffusion (ITD) for economic development can hardly be overstated. Both the acquisition of technology and its diffusion foster productivity growth. Developing countries have long sought to use both national policies and international agreements to stimulate ITD. The 'correct' policy intervention, if any, depends critically upon the channels through which technology diffuses internationally and the quantitative effects of the various diffusion processes on efficiency and productivity growth. Neither is well understood. New technologies may be embodied in goods and transferred through imports of new varieties of differentiated products or capital goods and equipment, they may be obtained through exposure to foreign buyers or foreign investors or they may be acquired through arms-length trade in intellectual property, e.g., licensing contracts. 'Global Integration and Technology Transfer' uses cross-country and firm level panel data sets to analyze how specific activities exporting, importing, FDI, joint ventures impact on productivity performance.
