Trade Offs

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Trade-Offs

Harold Winter
Trade Offs Book PDF

Author : Harold Winter
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 193 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2013-02-25
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780226924502

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Trade-Offs by Harold Winter Pdf

How economists analyze real-world issues from overeating to organ transplants: “A wonderful introduction to economics for the layperson.” —Choice When economists wrestle with issues such as unemployment, inflation, or budget deficits, they do so by incorporating an impersonal, detached mode of reasoning. But economists also analyze issues that, to others, typically do not fall within the realm of economic reasoning, such as organ transplants, cigarette addiction, overeating, and product safety. Trade-Offs is an introduction to the economic approach to analyzing these controversial public policy issues. Harold Winter provides readers with the analytical tools needed to identify and understand the trade-offs associated with these topics. By considering both the costs and benefits of potential policy solutions, Winter stresses that real-world decision making is best served by an explicit recognition of as many trade-offs as possible. This new edition incorporates recent developments in policy debates, including the rise of “new paternalism,” or policies designed to protect people from themselves; alternative ways to increase the supply of organs available for transplant; and economic approaches to controlling infectious disease. Intellectually stimulating yet accessible and entertaining, Trade-Offs will be appreciated by students of economics, public policy, health administration, political science, and law—as well as by anyone who follows current social policy debates. “This precious little book will become widespread reading in basic courses on economics, but every sensible person interested in societal matters and not familiar with law and economics issues should also read it.” —History of Economic Ideas

Trade-Off

Kevin Maney
Trade Off Book PDF

Author : Kevin Maney
Publisher : Currency
Page : 242 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2010-08-17
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780385525954

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Trade-Off by Kevin Maney Pdf

A Fresh and Important New Way to Understand Why We Buy Why did the RAZR ultimately ruin Motorola? Why does Wal-Mart dominate rural and suburban areas but falter in large cities? Why did Starbucks stumble just when it seemed unstoppable? The answer lies in the ever-present tension between fidelity (the quality of a consumer’s experience) and convenience (the ease of getting and paying for a product). In Trade-Off, Kevin Maney shows how these conflicting forces determine the success, or failure, of new products and services in the marketplace. He shows that almost every decision we make as consumers involves a trade-off between fidelity and convenience–between the products we love and the products we need. Rock stars sell out concerts because the experience is high in fidelity-–it can’t be replicated in any other way, and because of that, we are willing to suffer inconvenience for the experience. In contrast, a downloaded MP3 of a song is low in fidelity, but consumers buy music online because it’s superconvenient. Products that are at one extreme or the other–those that are high in fidelity or high in convenience–-tend to be successful. The things that fall into the middle-–products or services that have moderate fidelity and convenience-–fail to win an enthusiastic audience. Using examples from Amazon and Disney to People Express and the invention of the ATM, Maney demonstrates that the most successful companies skew their offerings to either one extreme or the other-–fidelity or convenience-–in shaping products and building brands.

Economic Inequality – Trends, Traps and Trade-offs

Medani P. Bhandari,Shvindina Hanna
Economic Inequality Trends Traps and Trade offs Book PDF

Author : Medani P. Bhandari,Shvindina Hanna
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2022-09-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781000796704

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Economic Inequality – Trends, Traps and Trade-offs by Medani P. Bhandari,Shvindina Hanna Pdf

The book “Economic Inequality – Trends, Traps and Trade-offs” presents the unexplored issues of economic inequality, including case studies of various countries. Inequality is a chronic divisive factor of society. It is well known that inequalities (such as economic, social, cultural, religious, geographical, etc.) have been omnipresent in human society. Inequalities can be found within each family, each community, and each nation and thus globally. Inequality is a major cause of political, economic, social instability, and creates crisis and conflict within society. A major cause of inequality is unequal, uneven, biased, power centric distributions of human economic, social, political, cultural and spiritual human necessities.The edited book examines the major parameters of the socio-economic issues of inequality and focuses on the key economic issues of inequality, namely, income and wealth distribution, equity & equality of outcome, and equality of opportunities. Economic inequality is measured by wealth, income dsiproportions in distribution and consumption patterns in a specific area. Mostly, inequality is measured using various statistical tools including the Gini Coefficient, inequality adjusted human development index, 20:20 ratio, Palma ratio, Hoover index, Galt score, Coefficient of variation, Theil index, wage share etc. However, not all income can be measured by these tools. By using case studies, this book encourages us to reframe economic development through the lens of growing inequalities and disparities. Economic growth per se is disproportional, and the efforts of scholars, practitioners and policymakers should be directed to empower the marginalized of society in a way that ‘no one should left behind’ (UN Slogan).

Trade-offs in Conservation

Nigel Leader-Williams,William M. Adams,Robert J. Smith
Trade offs in Conservation Book PDF

Author : Nigel Leader-Williams,William M. Adams,Robert J. Smith
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 429 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2011-06-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781444348101

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Trade-offs in Conservation by Nigel Leader-Williams,William M. Adams,Robert J. Smith Pdf

This book demonstrates that trade-offs can be very important for conservationists. Its various chapters show how and why trade-offs are made, and why conservationists need to think very hard about what, if anything, to do about them. The book argues that conservationists must carefully weigh up, and be explicit about, the trade-offs that they make every day in deciding what to save. Key Features: Discusses the wider non-biological issues that surround making decisions about which species and biogeographic areas to prioritise for conservation Focuses on questions such as: What are these wider issues that are influencing the decisions we make? What factors need to be included in our assessment of trade-offs? What package of information and issues do managers need to consider in making a rational decision? Who should make such decisions? Part of the Conservation Science and Practice book series This volume is of interest to policy-makers, researchers, practitioners and postgraduate students who are concerned about making decisions that include recognition of trade-offs in conservation planning.

The 360° Corporation

Sarah Kaplan
The 360 Corporation Book PDF

Author : Sarah Kaplan
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 230 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2022-08-18
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789354358777

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The 360° Corporation by Sarah Kaplan Pdf

Companies are increasingly facing intense pressures to address stakeholder demands from every direction: consumers want socially responsible products; employees want meaningful work; investors now screen on environmental, social, and governance criteria; "clicktivists" create social media storms over company missteps. CEOs now realize that their companies must be social as well as commercial actors, but stakeholder pressures often create trade-offs with demands to deliver financial performance to shareholders. How can companies respond while avoiding simple "greenwashing" or "pinkwashing"? This book lays out a roadmap for organizational leaders who have hit the limits of the supposed win-win of shared value to explore how companies can cope with real trade-offs, innovating around them or even thriving within them. Suggesting that the shared-value mindset may actually get in the way of progress, bestselling author Sarah Kaplan shows in The 360° Corporation how trade-offs, rather than being confusing or problematic, can actually be the source of organizational resilience and transformation.

A Decision Framework for Managing the Spirit Lake and Toutle River System at Mount St. Helens

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Environmental Change and Society,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Committee on Geological and Geotechnical Engineering,Committee on Long-Term Management of the Spirit Lake/Toutle River System in Southwest Washington
A Decision Framework for Managing the Spirit Lake and Toutle River System at Mount St Helens Book PDF

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Environmental Change and Society,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Committee on Geological and Geotechnical Engineering,Committee on Long-Term Management of the Spirit Lake/Toutle River System in Southwest Washington
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 337 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2018-04-29
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780309464444

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A Decision Framework for Managing the Spirit Lake and Toutle River System at Mount St. Helens by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Environmental Change and Society,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Committee on Geological and Geotechnical Engineering,Committee on Long-Term Management of the Spirit Lake/Toutle River System in Southwest Washington Pdf

The 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens in southwest Washington State radically changed the physical and socio-economic landscapes of the region. The eruption destroyed the summit of the volcano, sending large amounts of debris into the North Fork Toutle River, and blocking the sole means of drainage from Spirit Lake 4 miles north of Mount St. Helens. As a result of the blockage, rising lake levels could cause failure of the debris blockage, putting the downstream population of approximately 50,000 at risk of catastrophic flooding and mud flows. Further, continued transport of sediment to the river from volcanic debris deposits surrounding the mountain reduces the flood carrying capacity of downstream river channels and leaves the population vulnerable to chronic flooding. The legacy of the 1980 eruption and the prospect of future volcanic, seismic, and flood events mean that risk management in the Spirit Lake Toutle River system will be challenging for decades to come. This report offers a decision framework to support the long-term management of risks related to the Spirit Lake and Toutle River system in light of the different regional economic, cultural, and social priorities, and the respective roles of federal, tribal, state, and local authorities, as well as other entities and groups in the region. It also considers the history and adequacy of characterization, monitoring, and management associated with the Spirit Lake debris blockage and outflow tunnel, other efforts to control transport of water and sediment from the 1980 and later eruptions, and suggests additional information needed to support implementation of the recommended decision framework.

Exploring Synergies and Trade-offs between Climate Change and the Sustainable Development Goals

V. Venkatramanan,Shachi Shah,Ram Prasad
Exploring Synergies and Trade offs between Climate Change and the Sustainable Development Goals Book PDF

Author : V. Venkatramanan,Shachi Shah,Ram Prasad
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 402 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2020-11-16
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789811573019

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Exploring Synergies and Trade-offs between Climate Change and the Sustainable Development Goals by V. Venkatramanan,Shachi Shah,Ram Prasad Pdf

The existential environmental crisis prompted the United Nations to formulate the Millennium Development Goals at the turn of the 21st century in order to embark on an era of sustainable development. The progress and deficiencies in achieving the Millennium Development Goals provided impetus to the intelligentsia and policymakers to map out the pertinent goals for a sustainable growth trajectory for humanity and the planet. The United Nations’ 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which was adopted in September 2015, took the shape of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and 169 targets. In effect, the 17 Sustainable Development Goals focus on protecting the earth's life support systems for intra- and inter-generational equity and for development that is rooted in sustainability science. Attaining these goals is an uphill task; nevertheless, scientific knowledge, trans and interdisciplinary inquiries, concerted global action and capacity building would provide an enabling environment for achieving the SDGs. This book explores the synergies and trade-offs between climate change management and other SDGs. It highlights the policy imperatives as well as the interrelations between combating climate change and its impacts (SDG 13) and food and nutritional security (SDG 2), water security (SDG 6), soil security (SDG 15), energy security (SDG 7), poverty eradication (SDG 1), gender equality (SDG 5), resilient infrastructure (SDG 9), and sustainable and resilient cities (SDG 11).

Distributional Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

Richard Cookson,Susan Griffin,Anthony J. Culyer,Ole F. Norheim
Distributional Cost Effectiveness Analysis Book PDF

Author : Richard Cookson,Susan Griffin,Anthony J. Culyer,Ole F. Norheim
Publisher : Handbooks in Health Economic Evaluation
Page : 385 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2020-09-30
Category : Medical care
ISBN : 9780198838197

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Distributional Cost-Effectiveness Analysis by Richard Cookson,Susan Griffin,Anthony J. Culyer,Ole F. Norheim Pdf

Health inequalities blight lives, generate enormous costs, and exist everywhere. This book is the definitive all-in-one guide for anyone who wishes to learn about, commission, and use distributional cost-effectiveness analysis to promote both equity and efficiency in health and healthcare.

The Power of And

R. Edward Freeman,Bidhan L. Parmar,Kirsten Martin
The Power of And Book PDF

Author : R. Edward Freeman,Bidhan L. Parmar,Kirsten Martin
Publisher : Columbia University Press
Page : 202 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2020-06-16
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780231547895

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The Power of And by R. Edward Freeman,Bidhan L. Parmar,Kirsten Martin Pdf

The idea that business is only about the money doesn’t hold true in the twenty-first century, when companies around the world are giving up traditional distinctions in order to succeed. Yet our expectations for businesses remain under the sway of an outdated worldview that emphasizes profits for shareholders above all else. The Power of And offers a new narrative about the nature of business, revealing the focus on responsibility and ethics that unites today’s most influential ideas and companies. R. Edward Freeman, Kirsten E. Martin, and Bidhan L. Parmar detail an emerging business model built on five key concepts: prioritizing purpose as well as profits; creating value for stakeholders as well as shareholders; seeing business as embedded in society as well as markets; recognizing people’s full humanity as well as their economic interests; and integrating business and ethics into a more holistic model. Drawing on examples across companies, industries, and countries, they show that these values support persevering in hard times and prospering over the long term. Real-world success stories disprove the conventional wisdom that there are unavoidable trade-offs between acting ethically and succeeding financially. The Power of And presents a conceptual revolution about what it means for business to be responsible, providing a new story for us to tell in order to help all kinds of companies thrive.

Riots I Have Known

Ryan Chapman
Riots I Have Known Book PDF

Author : Ryan Chapman
Publisher : Simon & Schuster
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2020-11-17
Category : Fiction
ISBN : 9781501197314

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Riots I Have Known by Ryan Chapman Pdf

Longlisted for the 2019 Center for Fiction First Novel Prize, Ryan Chapman’s “gritty, bracing debut” (Esquire) set during a prison riot is “dark, daring, and laugh-out-loud hilarious…one of the smartest—and best—novels of the year” (NPR). A largescale riot rages through Westbrook prison in upstate New York, incited by a poem in the house literary journal. Our unnamed narrator, barricaded inside the computer lab, swears he’s blameless—even though, as editor-in-chief, he published the piece in question. As he awaits violent interruption by his many, many enemies, he liveblogs one final Editor’s Letter. Riots I Have Known is his memoir, confession, and act of literary revenge. His tale spans a childhood in Sri Lanka, navigating the postwar black markets and hotel chains; employment as a Park Avenue doorman, serving the widows of the one percent; life in prison, with the silver lining of his beloved McNairy; and his stewardship of The Holding Pen, a “masterpiece of post-penal literature” favored by Brooklynites everywhere. All will be revealed, and everyone will see he’s really a good guy, doing it for the right reasons. “Fitfully funny and murderously wry,” Riots I Have Known is “a frenzied yet wistful monologue from a lover of literature under siege” (Kirkus Reviews).

Trade-offs

Susan Carol Schwab
Trade offs Book PDF

Author : Susan Carol Schwab
Publisher : Harvard Business Press
Page : 275 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 087584510X

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Trade-offs by Susan Carol Schwab Pdf

Discusses the business implications of the Omnibus Trade Act of 1988, and explains why this law was a milestone in United States trade policy

Beyond Fear

Bruce Schneier
Beyond Fear Book PDF

Author : Bruce Schneier
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2006-05-10
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780387217123

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Beyond Fear by Bruce Schneier Pdf

Many of us, especially since 9/11, have become personally concerned about issues of security, and this is no surprise. Security is near the top of government and corporate agendas around the globe. Security-related stories appear on the front page everyday. How well though, do any of us truly understand what achieving real security involves? In Beyond Fear, Bruce Schneier invites us to take a critical look at not just the threats to our security, but the ways in which we're encouraged to think about security by law enforcement agencies, businesses of all shapes and sizes, and our national governments and militaries. Schneier believes we all can and should be better security consumers, and that the trade-offs we make in the name of security - in terms of cash outlays, taxes, inconvenience, and diminished freedoms - should be part of an ongoing negotiation in our personal, professional, and civic lives, and the subject of an open and informed national discussion. With a well-deserved reputation for original and sometimes iconoclastic thought, Schneier has a lot to say that is provocative, counter-intuitive, and just plain good sense. He explains in detail, for example, why we need to design security systems that don't just work well, but fail well, and why secrecy on the part of government often undermines security. He also believes, for instance, that national ID cards are an exceptionally bad idea: technically unsound, and even destructive of security. And, contrary to a lot of current nay-sayers, he thinks online shopping is fundamentally safe, and that many of the new airline security measure (though by no means all) are actually quite effective. A skeptic of much that's promised by highly touted technologies like biometrics, Schneier is also a refreshingly positive, problem-solving force in the often self-dramatizing and fear-mongering world of security pundits. Schneier helps the reader to understand the issues at stake, and how to best come to one's own conclusions, including the vast infrastructure we already have in place, and the vaster systems--some useful, others useless or worse--that we're being asked to submit to and pay for. Bruce Schneier is the author of seven books, including Applied Cryptography (which Wired called "the one book the National Security Agency wanted never to be published") and Secrets and Lies (described in Fortune as "startlingly lively...¦[a] jewel box of little surprises you can actually use."). He is also Founder and Chief Technology Officer of Counterpane Internet Security, Inc., and publishes Crypto-Gram, one of the most widely read newsletters in the field of online security.

Ecosystem Services and Poverty Alleviation (OPEN ACCESS)

Kate Schreckenberg,Georgina Mace,Mahesh Poudyal
Ecosystem Services and Poverty Alleviation OPEN ACCESS Book PDF

Author : Kate Schreckenberg,Georgina Mace,Mahesh Poudyal
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 353 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2018-04-27
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780429016288

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Ecosystem Services and Poverty Alleviation (OPEN ACCESS) by Kate Schreckenberg,Georgina Mace,Mahesh Poudyal Pdf

Understanding how to sustain the services that ecosystems provide in support of human wellbeing is an active and growing research area. This book provides a state-of-the-art review of current thinking on the links between ecosystem services and poverty alleviation. In part it showcases the key findings of the Ecosystem Services for Poverty Alleviation (ESPA) programme, which has funded over 120 research projects in more than 50 countries since 2010. ESPA’s goal is to ensure that ecosystems are being sustainably managed in a way that contributes to poverty alleviation as well as to inclusive and sustainable growth. As governments across the world map how they will achieve the 17 ambitious Sustainable Development Goals, most of which have poverty alleviation, wellbeing and sustainable environmental management at their heart, ESPA’s findings have never been more timely and relevant. The book synthesises the headline messages and compelling evidence to address the questions at the heart of ecosystems and wellbeing research. The authors, all leading specialists, address the evolving framings and contexts for the work, review the impacts of ongoing drivers of change, present new ways to achieve sustainable wellbeing, equity, diversity, and resilience, and evaluate the potential contributions from conservation projects, payment schemes, and novel governance approaches across scales from local to national and international. The cross-cutting, thematic chapters challenge conventional wisdom in some areas, and validate new methods and approaches for sustainable development in others. The book will provide a rich and important reference source for advanced students, researchers and policy-makers in ecology, environmental studies, ecological economics and sustainable development. The Open Access version of this book, available at https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/e/9780429016295, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

Advanced R

Hadley Wickham
Advanced R Book PDF

Author : Hadley Wickham
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 476 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2015-09-15
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9781498759809

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Advanced R by Hadley Wickham Pdf

An Essential Reference for Intermediate and Advanced R Programmers Advanced R presents useful tools and techniques for attacking many types of R programming problems, helping you avoid mistakes and dead ends. With more than ten years of experience programming in R, the author illustrates the elegance, beauty, and flexibility at the heart of R. The book develops the necessary skills to produce quality code that can be used in a variety of circumstances. You will learn: The fundamentals of R, including standard data types and functions Functional programming as a useful framework for solving wide classes of problems The positives and negatives of metaprogramming How to write fast, memory-efficient code This book not only helps current R users become R programmers but also shows existing programmers what’s special about R. Intermediate R programmers can dive deeper into R and learn new strategies for solving diverse problems while programmers from other languages can learn the details of R and understand why R works the way it does.

Optimal Risk-Return Trade-Offs of Commercial Banks

Jochen Kühn
Optimal Risk Return Trade Offs of Commercial Banks Book PDF

Author : Jochen Kühn
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 153 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2006-09-28
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783540348214

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Optimal Risk-Return Trade-Offs of Commercial Banks by Jochen Kühn Pdf

This book criticizes the fact that profitability measures derived from capital market models such as the Sharpe ratio and the reward-to-VaR ratio are proposed for loan portfolios, although it is not proven whether their risk-return trade-offs are optimal for banks. The authors demonstrate that even the reward-to-VaR ratio, which is developed for valuating loan portfolios, can be highly misleading. They also show how market discipline, capital requirements, and insured deposits affect decision-making.