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Trade Policy Reforms in Latin America by M. Lengyel,V. Ventura-Dias Pdf
This volume examines the interaction between private and public institutions in the trade policy-making process of eight Latin American countries and trade bargaining in sub-regional, hemispheric and multilateral fora. Faced with expanding trade agendas, diversifying negotiation fora, and an uncertain global economy, each country has found its own niche in regional integration and global insertion, providing a wealth of idiosyncratic and convergent policies.
Sebastián Sáez,United Nations. Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. División de Integración y Comercio Internacional
Author : Sebastián Sáez,United Nations. Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. División de Integración y Comercio Internacional Publisher : Univ of California Press Page : 40 pages File Size : 43,6 Mb Release : 2005 Category : Latin America ISBN : 9211215668
Trade Policy Making in Latin America by Sebastián Sáez,United Nations. Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. División de Integración y Comercio Internacional Pdf
This paper examines the way trade policy is formulated in a representative set of Latin American countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela). The first section presents a brief analysis of the main trade reforms applied in the region and their outcomes. Section II discusses how the term "participation" is conceived in the formulation of public policies and the role it plays. Section III analyses participation mechanisms in the selected countries and their main players and the latter's involvement. The last section presents the main conclusions.--Publisher description.
Vivianne Ventura-Dias,Mabel Cabezas B.,Mabel Cabezas,Jaime Contador,United Nations. Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. International Trade and Development Finance Division. International Trade Unit
Author : Vivianne Ventura-Dias,Mabel Cabezas B.,Mabel Cabezas,Jaime Contador,United Nations. Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. International Trade and Development Finance Division. International Trade Unit Publisher : Santiago, Chile : United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, International Trade and Development Finance Division, International Trade Unit Page : 60 pages File Size : 55,9 Mb Release : 1999 Category : Balance of trade ISBN : UCSD:31822031379001
Trade Reforms and Trade Patterns in Latin America by Vivianne Ventura-Dias,Mabel Cabezas B.,Mabel Cabezas,Jaime Contador,United Nations. Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. International Trade and Development Finance Division. International Trade Unit Pdf
A paper considering the composition of exports as a crucial determinant of the relationship between exports and growth. The trade performance of 16 Latin American countries is examined over the last 20 years, grouping trade data according to the technology used to produce individual goods.
Trade and Industrial Policy Reform in Latin America by Sebastian Edwards Pdf
This paper documents and evaluates the process of trade reforms in Latin America from the mid-1980s until 1993. It provides an analytical and historical discussion of the consequences of industrial policies in the region, from the early 1950s when import-substitution ideas were supported by the Economic Commission for Latin America to the 1990s when liberal regimes were embraced. A careful distinction is made between policies based on strict import substitution and policies that combine high and uneven import tariffs with export promotion. Additionally, the role of supporting policies to assure the success of trade liberalization is assessed. Important questions related to the sequencing of economic reform are discussed in detail, with particular emphasis on the proper sequencing of stabilization and trade reform policies. The extent of trade reform in Latin America is also discussed. The analysis concentrates on the evolution of productivity and exports, and it deals with several countries' experiences. The role of real exchange rates in the trade liberalization process is studied, and the recent trend towards appreciation observed in many countries in the region is scrutinized. Finally the paper contains an analysis of the recent attempts at reviving regional integration agreements, and of the consequences of the completion of GATT for Latin American nations.
The authors examine the trade policy response of Latin American governments to the rapid growth of China and India in world markets. To explain higher protection in sectors where a large share is imported from these countries, they extend the "protection for sale" model to allow for different degrees of substitutability between domestically produced and imported varieties. The extension suggests that higher levels of protection toward Chinese goods can be explained by high substitutability between domestically produced goods and Chinese goods, whereas lower levels of protection toward goods imported from India can be explained by low substitutability with domestically produced goods. The data support the extension to the "protection for sale" model, which performs better than the original specification in terms of explaining Latin America's structure of protection.
Integrating the Americas by University of Miami. North-South Center Pdf
Bold new economic policies are supplanting traditional notions about the relationship between national and international markets throughout Latin America. Regional integration and neoliberal reforms have combined to overturn more traditional approaches to national development in the region. This volume captures the content of these changes and analyzes their implications for the Western Hemisphere.
Research and International Trade Policy Negotiations by Mercedes Botto Pdf
The international trade negotiations that were launched throughout Latin America in the 1990s created significant challenges for developing countries because of their complexity. In order to make informed decisions and successfully legitimize negotiating positions, governments and stakeholders required research, evidence and data from knowledgeable sources such as local technicians and academics. This book provides empirical-based analyses on the role of this research in the policymaking process. Each case study is based on primary fieldwork - either at the national or sectoral level - which was guided by the following overarching questions: Who are the main actors producing useful research for trade policymakers? Who are the main financial supporters of such work? What use do policymakers give to research? The volume offers a deep analysis of the nexus and interactions between the academic and public spheres, among researchers and decision-makers. Contributors also address the main obstacles for creating a virtuous circle between research and decision-making as they examine the links between the research centers, think tanks and international organizations who produced the information and the Latin American governments who used it.
The Politics of Trade in Latin American Development by Steven E. Sanderson Pdf
In this innovative synthesis and reconstruction of the role of trade in Latin American development, the author asks what have been the political terms of trade in Latin America, and why have they differed so much from the multilateral and national trade politics of the advanced capitalist countries, especially the United States? He shows, in great detail, how a new conceptual approach to this question can help us to understand why, and with what limits, Latin America now seems ready to accept the mantle of free trade. This book is a unique attempt to link some of the most provocative hypotheses from the literatures of international trade, development, regional economic history, and resource management to national politics in Latin America. It takes a fresh look at old academic questions, critiques the received knowledge on trade, and offers some new data, documents, and indexes. To the standard literature on Latin American trade, the author adds insights and information from other literatures - resource conservation, poverty alleviation, and national development strategies, to name a few. The current trend toward looking at constraints and possibilities in the trade system is reshaped to ask familiar questions in a concrete, empirical way. What changes in development design come from external shock, and under what conditions? Does the pressure of the international system actually force Latin American countries to alter their rates and kinds of natural resource exploitation? Can a political course of export promotion address the debt crisis effectively? Are the multilateral trade negotiations a useful format for Latin American trade and development problems? And, finally, can we sayanything with authority about Latin America as a region?
The Strategic Dynamics of Latin American Trade by Vinod K. Aggarwal,Ralph H. Espach,Joseph S. Tulchin Pdf
This volume analyzes trade agreements in Latin America since the mid-1980s, and provides a theoretical framework that highlights the political-economic tradeoffs entailed in different trade strategies formulated and pursued by different countries in the region. It contains detailed, empirically grounded studies of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and the Mercosur block as a whole.
Trading Promises for Results by Mauricio Mesquita Moreira,Ernesto H. Stein,Kun Li,Federico Merchán,Christian Volpe Martincus,Juan S. Blyde,Danielle Trachtenberg,Jorge Cornick,Jeffry Frieden,Marisol Rodríguez Chatruc,Rzavan Vlaicu,Víctor Zuluaga,Tomás Bril-Mascarenhas,Sergio Ardila,Piero Ghezzi,Thomas Reardon Pdf
Thirty years after the region embarked on large-scale liberalization, trade policy could have been expected to become all but irrelevant. Instead, a mismatch between expectations and what could realistically be delivered set the stage for much of the disappointment, skepticism, and fatigue regarding trade policy in the region, particularly in the early 2000s. By setting the bar unrealistically high, governments and analysts made trade policies an easy target for special interests that were hurt by liberalization and for those ideologically opposed to free trade. The most immediate victims were the more tangible growth and welfare gains, whose relevance was lost amid the noise of grandiose visions.
Reforming the Reforms in Latin America by NA NA Pdf
Development has been elusive for Latin America in the 1990s. Notwithstanding tough neoliberal reforms, defeated hyperinflation, and large capital inflows, development of productive capacity and social equity shows a poor performance. These selected essays discuss the analytical bases of a pragmatic policy-oriented approach alternative to neoliberalism. They also analyze macroeconomic management, trade and financial liberalization in recent years.