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Transition Metals in Microbial Metabolism by Gunther Winkelmann Pdf
The key role played by iron, as well as other transition metals, in microbial metabolism is investigated in this volume. Topics covered include: iron chelation and siderophores; receptor-mediated bacterial iron transport; and the nitogenases.
Transition Metals in Microbial Metabolism by Gunther Winkelmann Pdf
Comprises 17 papers exploring the role of transition metals in a variety of metabolic processes, from simple interactions where the protein matrix does little more than bind an inorganic ion, to systems in which the binding site of the protein modifies the metals properties considerably, to the very complex multimetallic systems which may function as part of a supramolecular assembly. Intended as a reference for students and industry professionals, especially those working in biotechnology. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Microbial Metabolism of Metals and Metalloids by Christon J. Hurst Pdf
This book explains the metabolic processes by which microbes obtain and control the intracellular availability of their required metal and metalloid ions. The book also describes how intracellular concentrations of unwanted metal and metalloid ions successfully are limited. Its authors additionally provide information about the ways that microbes derive metabolic energy by changing the charge states of metal and metalloid ions. Part one of this book provides an introduction to microbes, metals and metalloids. It also helps our readers to understand the chemical constraints for transition metal cation allocation. Part two explains the basic processes which microbes use for metal transport. That section also explains the uses, as well as the challenges, associated with metal-based antimicrobials. Part three gives our readers an understanding that because of microbial capabilities to process metals and metalloids, the microbes have become our best tools for accomplishing many jobs. Their applications in chemical technology include the design of microbial consortia for use in bioleaching processes that recover metal and metalloid ions from industrial wastes. Many biological engineering tasks, including the synthesis of metal nanoparticles and similar metalloid structures, also are ideally suited for the microbes. Part four describes unique attributes associated with the microbiology of these elements, progressing through the alphabet from antimony and arsenic to zinc.
Trace Metals and Infectious Diseases by Jerome O. Nriagu,Eric P. Skaar Pdf
Experts explore the influence of trace metals on the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. Many parts of the world in which common infectious diseases are endemic also have the highest prevalence of trace metal deficiencies or rising rates of trace metal pollution. Infectious diseases can increase human susceptibility to adverse effects of metal exposure (at suboptimal or toxic levels), and metal excess or deficiency can increase the incidence or severity of infectious diseases. The co-clustering of major infectious diseases with trace metal deficiency or toxicity has created a complex web of interactions with serious but poorly understood health repercussions, yet has been largely overlooked in animal and human studies. This book focuses on the distribution, trafficking, fate, and effects of trace metals in biological systems. Its goal is to enhance our understanding of the relationships between homeostatic mechanisms of trace metals and the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. Drawing on expertise from a range of fields, the book offers a comprehensive review of current knowledge on vertebrate metal-withholding mechanisms and the strategies employed by different microbes to avoid starvation (or poisoning). Chapters summarize current, state-of-the-art techniques for investigating pathogen-metal interactions and highlight open question to guide future research. The book makes clear that improving knowledge in this area will be instrumental to the development of novel therapeutic measures against infectious diseases. Contributors M. Leigh Ackland, Vahid Fa Andisi, Angele L. Arrieta, Michael A. Bachman, J. Sabine Becker, Robert E. Black, Julia Bornhorst, Sascha Brunke, Joseph A. Caruso, Jennifer S. Cavet, Anson C. K. Chan, Christopher H. Contag, Heran Darwin, George V. Dedoussis, Rodney R. Dietert, Victor J. DiRita, Carol A. Fierke, Tamara Garcia-Barrera, David P. Giedroc, Peter-Leon Hagedoorn, James A. Imlay, Marek J. Kobylarz, Joseph Lemire, Wenwen Liu, Slade A. Loutet, Wolfgang Maret, Andreas Matusch, Trevor F. Moraes, Michael E. P. Murphy, Maribel Navarro, Jerome O. Nriagu, Ana-Maria Oros-Peusquens, Elisabeth G. Pacyna, Jozef M. Pacyna, Robert D. Perry, John M. Pettifor, Stephanie Pfaffen, Dieter Rehder, Lothar Rink, Anthony B. Schryvers, Ellen K. Silbergeld, Eric P. Skaar, Miguel C. P. Soares, Kyrre Sundseth, Dennis J. Thiele, Richard B. Thompson, Meghan M. Verstraete, Gonzalo Visbal, Fudi Wang, Mian Wang, Thomas J. Webster, Jeffrey N. Weiser, Günter Weiss, Inga Wessels, Bin Ye, Judith T. Zelikoff, Lihong Zhang
Metals, Microbes, and Minerals - The Biogeochemical Side of Life by Peter Kroneck,Martha Sosa Torres Pdf
Metal Ions in Life Sciences links coordination chemistry and biochemistry in their widest sense and thus increases our understanding of the relationship between the chemistry of metals and life processes; in fact, it is an old wisdom that metals are indispensable for life. The series reflects the interdisciplinary nature of Biological Inorganic Chemistry and coordinates the efforts of scientists in numerous interconnecting research fields.
Molecular Microbiology of Heavy Metals by Dietrich H. Nies,Simon Silver Pdf
This book covers allocation of metals in cells, metal transporter, storage and metalloregulatory proteins, cellular responses to metal ion stress, transcription of genes involved in metal ion homeostasis, uptake of essential metals, metal efflux and other detoxification mechanisms. The book also discusses metal bioreporters for the nanomolar range of concentration and tools to address the metallome. In addition, coverage details specific metals.
Metal Transporters by Jose M. Arguello,Svetlana Lutsenko,José M. Argüello Pdf
This volume of Current Topics in Membranes focuses on metal transmembrane transporters and pumps, a recently discovered family of membrane proteins with many important roles in the physiology of living organisms. The book summarizes the most recent advances in the field of metal ion transport and provides a broad overview of the major classes of transporters involved in homeostasis of heavy metals. Various families of the transporters and metal specificities are discussed with the focus on the structural and mechanistic aspects of their function and regulation. The reader will access information obtained through a variety of approaches ranging from X-ray crystallography to cell biology and bioinformatics, which have been applied to transporters identified in diverse biological systems, such as pathogenic bacteria, plants, humans and others. Field is cutting-edge and a lot of the information is new to research community Wide breadth of topic coverage Contributors of high renown and expertise
Microbial Transport Systems by Günther Winkelmann Pdf
Transport of molecules across the cell membrane is a fundamental process of all living organisms. It is essential for understanding growth, development, nutrition as well as uptake and excretion of exogenous or synthesized molecules. Microbes respresent general and basic functional systems where many transport processes have been studied on a molecular basis. Knowledge of the microbial transport processes will provide new perspectives to treatments by inhibitors, drugs, antibiotics, vitamins, growth promotion compounds, activators and toxic compunds of various kinds.
Metal economy in host-microbe interactions by Frédéric Veyrier, Mathieu Cellier Pdf
This Research Topic presents knowledge on transition metal metabolism in various infections from the dual perspective of offender and defender. 1) Host Nutritional Immunity: depriving or poisoning. To date, the implication of divalent metals have been described in two different immune strategies that aim to fight microbial invaders. One consists in depriving microbes of essential divalent metals whereas the other aims at overloading invaders with toxic concentrations of metal. The contributions in this section present, in different situations, various aspects of this metal economy at the host-microbe interface. Two papers deal with metal homeostasis as hosts interact with bacteria. Diaz-Ochoa et al. (2014) review immunological mechanisms to sequester Fe, Mn and Zn in the inflamed gut and strategies of commensals and pathogens to evade mucosal defenses and obtain such nutrients. Lisher & Giedroc (2013) detail chemical and structural mechanisms to capture Mn, an antioxidant used by pathogens to adapt to human hosts, and the impact of Fe and Zn on Mn bioavailability during infections. The most coveted metal, iron is key to nutritional immunity and microbial virulence. Using amoeba as model phagocyte, Bozzaro et al. (2013) present the tug of war between a bacterial predator, sequestering intracellular iron to resist invasion, and pathogens which elude such defense mechanisms. On mammalian defense against intracellular bacteria and protozoan parasites, Silva-Gomes et al. (2013) outline divergent approaches: iron-withholding to prevent microbial replication or iron-based oxidative injury to kill invaders. Host may also target invaders with toxic doses of Cu and Zn, normally kept at low concentrations. Neyrolles et al. (2013) present an opinion article on bacterial Zn and Cu poisoning in the context of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Chaturvedi & Henderson (2014) summarize the specific properties of copper and its toxic effect on bacteria cells. Argüello et al. (2013) review how bacteria integrate homeostatic mechanisms to avoid Cu toxicity by sensing and regulating ion chelation, chaperoning and membrane transport. 2) Microbial adaptation to host defenses: metallo-transporters or exporters. To overcome host resistance to infection, numerous mechanisms have been selected through the course of microbial evolution, in particular transporters that can feed the bacteria even at low metal concentration or, on the contrary, metallo-exporters that can expel metals outside the cell to avoid toxic accumulation. The articles in this section describe the microbial transport arsenal, and its regulation, which play major roles to influence metal economy at the host-microbe interface. Bacterial and fungal strategies to acquire Fe is the subject of four contributions. Liu & Biville (2013) discuss erythrocyte parasitism by Bartonella, transmitted by arthropod vectors and relying principally on heme capture and oxidative stress defense to cause persistent infections. Runyen-Janecky (2013) highlights some of the recent findings on heme iron acquisition system and the regulation of their expression in Gram-negative pathogens. Cornelis & Dingemans (2013) recap how Pseudomonas adapts means of iron capture to the type of infection it establishes, acute or chronic. Caza & Kronstad (2013) contrast strategies of virulent bacteria and fungi to subvert host immunity and steal iron from hemoglobin, heme, transferrin and lactoferrin or elemental iron using specialized uptake systems and siderophores. Five papers deal with microbial homeostasis of other metals Mn, Ni and Zn. Honsa et al. (2013) review the roles of importers and exporters of Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu in Streptococcus pneumoniae gene regulation and tissue-specific pathogenesis. Guilhen et al (2013) focus on families of exporters and the role of metal efflux in the evolution of Neisseria meningitidis virulence and naso-pharyngeal c
Structural and Functional Relationships in Prokaryotes by Larry L. Barton Pdf
For several decades, bacteria have served as model systems to describe the life p- cesses of growth and metabolism. In addition, it is well recognized that prokaryotes have contributed greatly to the many advances in the areas of ecology, evolution, and biotechnology. This understanding of microorganisms is based on studies of members from both theBacteria andArchaea domains. With each issue of the various scienti?c publications, new characteristics of prokaryotic cells are being reported and it is - portant to place these insights in the context of the appropriate physiological processes. Structural and Functional Relationships in Prokaryotes describes the fundamental physiological processes for members of the Archaea and Bacteria domains. The - ganization of the book re?ects the emphasis that I have used in my 30 years of teaching a course of bacterial physiology. The philosophy used in the preparation of this book is to focus on the fundamental features of prokaryotic physiology and to use these features as the basis for comparative physiology. Even though diverse phenotypes have evolved from myriad genetic possibilities, these prokaryotes display considerable functional similarity and support the premise that there is a unity of physiology in the prokaryotes. The variations observed in the chemical structures and biochemical p- cesses are important in contributing to the persistence of microbial strains in a speci?c environment.
Handbook of Metal-Microbe Interactions and Bioremediation by Surajit Das,Hirak Ranjan Dash Pdf
Around the World, metal pollution is a major problem. Conventional practices of toxic metal removal can be ineffective and/or expensive, delaying and exacerbating the crisis. Those communities dealing with contamination must be aware of the fundamentals advances of microbe-mediated metal removal practices because these methods can be easily used and require less remedial intervention. This book describes innovations and efficient applications for metal bioremediation for environments polluted by metal contaminates.
Principles of Microbial Metabolism and Metabolic Ecology by Alfred M. Spormann Pdf
This textbook examines the fundamental principles of microbial metabolism and how a microbe's ecology is intrinsically interwoven with and a consequence of its metabolism. Further, it answers many questions frequently asked by students, such as: What are the mechanistic connections between simple phenotypic traits, ecological patterns and microbial metabolism and diversity? In the process, readers will be introduced to essential topics like metabolism and metabolic pathways, flux of energy and nutrients, genome size and fitness, competition, selection and drift. Moreover, the book conveys fundamental principles that show students how to approach the field of microbiology from a different, more unifying angle, e.g., how microbes’ access to environmentally available energy resources and the specific metabolism involved lies at the root of every ecologically significant microbial speciation. This aspect, together with its special focus on metabolism and ecological implications, make the book a must-read for all students of microbiology.
As the largest scale chemical reaction, photosynthesis supplies all of the organic carbon and oxygen for life on Earth. It is estimated that the photosynthetic activity of microorganisms is responsible for more than 50% of the primary production of molecular oxygen on Earth. This book highlights recent breakthroughs in the multidisciplinary areas of microbial photosynthesis, presenting the latest developments in various areas of microbial photosynthesis research, from bacteria to eukaryotic algae, and from theoretical biology to structural biology and biophysics. Furthermore, the book discusses advances in photosynthetic chassis, such as in the context of metabolic engineering and green chemical production. Featuring contributions by leading authorities in photosynthesis research, the book is a valuable resource for graduate students and researchers in the field, especially those studying biological evolution and the origin of life.
Encyclopedia of Supramolecular Chemistry by J. L. Atwood,Jonathan W. Steed Pdf
Covers the fundamentals of supramolecular chemistry; supramolecular advancements and methods in the areas of chemistry, biochemistry, biology, environmental and materials science and engineering, physics, computer science, and applied mathematics.
The Geochemical Origin of Microbes by William F. Martin,Karl Kleinermanns Pdf
This is a textbook covering the transition from energy releasing reactions on the early Earth to energy releasing reactions that fueled growth in the first microbial cells. It is for teachers and college students with an interest in microbiology, geosciences, biochemistry, evolution, or all of the above. The scope of the book is a quantum departure from existing “origin of life” books in that it starts with basic chemistry and links energy-releasing geochemical processes to the reactions of microbial metabolism. The text reaches across disciplines, providing students of the geosciences an origins/biology interface and bringing a geochemistry/origins interface to students of microbiology and evolution. Beginning with physical chemistry and transitioning across metabolic networks into microbiology, the timeline documents chemical events and organizational states in hydrothermal vents – the only environments known that bridge the gap between spontaneous chemical reactions that we can still observe in nature today and the physiology of microbes that live from H2, CO2, ammonia, phosphorus, inorganic salts and water. Life is a chemical reaction. What it is and how it arose are two sides of the same coin. Key Features Provides clear connections between geochemical reactions and microbial metabolism Focuses on chemical mechanisms and transition metals Richly illustrated with color figures explaining reactions and processes Covers the origin of the Earth, the origin of metabolism, the origin of protein synthesis and genetic information as well as the escape into the wild of the first free-living cells: Bacteria and Archaea