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Author : Fabian-Xosé Fernandez,Shadab Rahman,Manuel Spitschan
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 203 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2021-10-18
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9782889714971
Author : Gregory R. Bock,Jamie A. Goode
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2008-04-30
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780470514627
Foremost neurophysiologists and psychophysicists provide pertinent information on the nature of representation at the earliest stages as this will constrain the disposition of all subsequent processing. This processing is discussed in several different types of visual perception.
Author : Agnieszka Wolska,Dariusz Sawicki,Małgorzata Tafil-Klawe
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 174 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2020-07-29
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781000168105
The introduction of artificial lighting extends the time of wakefulness after dark and enables work at night, thus disturbing the human circadian rhythm. The understanding of the physiological mechanisms of visual and non-visual systems may be important for the development and use of proper light infrastructure and light interventions for different workplace settings, especially for shift work conditions. Visual and Non-Visual Effects of Light: Working Environment and Well-Being presents the impact of lighting in the working environment on human health, well-being and visual performance. The physiological explanation of the visual and non-visual effects of light on humans which discusses the biological bases of image and non-image forming vision at the cellular level may be of particular interest to any professional in the field of medicine, physiology, and biology. It is one of the intentions of this book to put forward some recommendations and examples of lighting design which take into account both the visual and non-visual effects of light on humans. These may be of particular interest to any professional in the field of lighting, occupational safety and health, and interior design. "What effects on health can a light ‘overdose’ or light deficiency have? What is bad light? The authors of the monograph provide answers to these questions. Just as for a physicist, the dual nature of light comprises an electromagnetic wave and a photon, the duality of light for a physician comprises visual and non-visual effects." --------------------------------------------------------Prof Jacek Przybylski, Medical University of Warsaw "This is a unique publication in the field of lighting technology. The authors have skillfully combined both the technical and biomedical aspects involved, which is unprecedented in the literature available. As a result, an important study has been created for many professional groups, with a significant impact on the assessment of risks associated with LED sources." --------------------------------------------Prof Andrzej Zając, Military University of Technology, Warsaw
Author : Joyce Tombran-Tink,Colin J. Barnstable
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 504 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2008-08-11
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781597453745
This book reveals not only how the eye evolved into an organ of vision, but also describes how molecular mechanisms of key molecules operate in the phototransduction cascade. In this groundbreaking text, experts also explain mechanisms for sensing radiation outside of the visible wavelengths. Comprehensive and penetrating, the book brings together the mechanisms of the visual transduction cascade and is an invaluable text for everyone conducting research in the visual system.
Author : H. Autrum,P. O. Bishop,V. Braitenberg,K. L. Chow,R. L. De Valois,R. B. Freeman,W. A. van de Grind,O.-J. Grüsser,U. Grüsser-Cornehls,R. Jung,W. R. Levick,H.-U. Lunkenheimer,D. M. MacKay,M. Snyder,J. Stone,N. J. Strausfeld,I. Thomas
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 788 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9783642653520
The present volume covers the physiology of the visual system beyond the optic nerve. It is a continuation of the two preceding parts on the photochemistry and the physiology of the eye, and forms a bridge from them to the fourth part on visual psychophysics. These fields have all developed as independent speciali ties and need integrating with each other. The processing of visual information in the brain cannot be understood without some knowledge of the preceding mechanisms in the photoreceptor organs. There are two fundamental reasons, ontogenetic and functional, why this is so: 1) the retina of the vertebrate eye has developed from a specialized part of the brain; 2) in processing their data the eyes follow physiological principles similar to the visual brain centres. Peripheral and central functions should also be discussed in context with their final synthesis in subjective experience, i. e. visual perception. Microphysiology and ultramicroscopy have brought new insights into the neuronal basis of vision. These investigations began in the periphery: HARTLINE'S pioneering experiments on single visual elements of Limulus in 1932 started a successful period of neuronal recordings which ascended from the retina to the highest centres in the visual brain. In the last two decades modern electron microscopic techniques and photochemical investigations of single photoreceptors further contributed to vision research.
Author : Stewart Madon
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 322 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Photoreceptors
ISBN : OCLC:1065737904
"It was long thought that rods and cones were the only components of the mammalian retina capable of conveying light information to the brain. Recently, a novel class of transduction-capable retinal ganglion cells containing the photopigment melanopsin were discovered in the mammalian retina identified as an “intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell” or ipRGC. Most of the functionality associated with ipRGCs has been linked to nonperceptual, non-cortical visual operations such as circadian (day-night) phase modulation and pupillary constriction. More recently, however, two subpopulations of ipRGCs have been identified called M1 and M2 cells, with the latter showing “blue-yellow” chromatic opponency that possibly links to brightness or colour pattern vision – properties associated with the retinogeniculostriate, or image-forming visual system. The present study expands on the current understanding of these putative image-forming non-traditional photoreceptor systems. To this end, I developed two stimulus paradigms that target short-wavelength-sensitive cones (S-cones) to tease out the unique contributions of ipRGCs that have neural associations with S-cone visual functioning. In the first paradigm, I measured detection thresholds using short-wavelength selective stimuli that are temporally presented with either an onset or offset “sawtooth” profile to ascertain ipRGC input to the S-OFF, “brightness” pathways. The results revealed differences in the asymmetry between S-ON and S-OFF pathways dependent upon adapting field conditions that were expected to influence ipRGCs over other photoreceptors. In the second experiment, I used a modification of an S-cone contrast sensitivity task employing homochromatic “blue” sine-grating gabors of varying spatial frequencies to directly test ipRGC involvement in spatial pattern vision. The results from the second experiment showed a slight advantage to the perception of low spatial frequency gabors superimposed on chromatic adapting fields that were expected to influence ipRGCs more than the others. Preliminary evidence supporting a spatial tuning property of ipRGCs was also found. Overall, these findings suggest that ipRGCs have measurable influences on conscious, image-forming perceptions, and shed further light on the microcircuitry of the retinogeniculate pathway."-- from abstract.
Author : Helga Kolb,Eduardo Fernandez,Ralph Nelson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:503519994
Author : Lianfa Bai,Jing Han,Jiang Yue
Publisher : Springer
Page : 266 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2019-01-11
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9789811316692
This book systematically analyses the latest insights into night vision imaging processing and perceptual understanding as well as related theories and methods. The algorithm model and hardware system provided can be used as the reference basis for the general design, algorithm design and hardware design of photoelectric systems. Focusing on the differences in the imaging environment, target characteristics, and imaging methods, this book discusses multi-spectral and video data, and investigates a variety of information mining and perceptual understanding algorithms. It also assesses different processing methods for multiple types of scenes and targets.Taking into account the needs of scientists and technicians engaged in night vision optoelectronic imaging detection research, the book incorporates the latest international technical methods. The content fully reflects the technical significance and dynamics of the new field of night vision. The eight chapters cover topics including multispectral imaging, Hadamard transform spectrometry; dimensionality reduction, data mining, data analysis, feature classification, feature learning; computer vision, image understanding, target recognition, object detection and colorization algorithms, which reflect the main areas of research in artificial intelligence in night vision. The book enables readers to grasp the novelty and practicality of the field and to develop their ability to connect theory with real-world applications. It also provides the necessary foundation to allow them to conduct research in the field and adapt to new technological developments in the future.
Author : National Academy of Sciences,Institute of Medicine,Sandra Ackerman
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 195 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 1992-01-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309045292
The brain ... There is no other part of the human anatomy that is so intriguing. How does it develop and function and why does it sometimes, tragically, degenerate? The answers are complex. In Discovering the Brain, science writer Sandra Ackerman cuts through the complexity to bring this vital topic to the public. The 1990s were declared the "Decade of the Brain" by former President Bush, and the neuroscience community responded with a host of new investigations and conferences. Discovering the Brain is based on the Institute of Medicine conference, Decade of the Brain: Frontiers in Neuroscience and Brain Research. Discovering the Brain is a "field guide" to the brainâ€"an easy-to-read discussion of the brain's physical structure and where functions such as language and music appreciation lie. Ackerman examines: How electrical and chemical signals are conveyed in the brain. The mechanisms by which we see, hear, think, and pay attentionâ€"and how a "gut feeling" actually originates in the brain. Learning and memory retention, including parallels to computer memory and what they might tell us about our own mental capacity. Development of the brain throughout the life span, with a look at the aging brain. Ackerman provides an enlightening chapter on the connection between the brain's physical condition and various mental disorders and notes what progress can realistically be made toward the prevention and treatment of stroke and other ailments. Finally, she explores the potential for major advances during the "Decade of the Brain," with a look at medical imaging techniquesâ€"what various technologies can and cannot tell usâ€"and how the public and private sectors can contribute to continued advances in neuroscience. This highly readable volume will provide the public and policymakersâ€"and many scientists as wellâ€"with a helpful guide to understanding the many discoveries that are sure to be announced throughout the "Decade of the Brain."
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 892 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Aeronautics
ISBN : UIUC:30112005547648
Author : Marcelo Fernandes Costa
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 93 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2016-09-15
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9782889199600
Color vision is considered a microcosm of the visual science. Special physiological and psychological processes make this scientific topic an intriguing and complex research field that can aggregates around molecular biologists, neurophysiologists, physicists, psychophysicists and cognitive neuroscientists. Our purpose is to present the frontier knowledge of this area of visual science, showing, in the end, the future prospects of application and basic studies of color perception.
Author : Katrin Amunts,Lucio Grandinetti,Thomas Lippert,Nicolai Petkov
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 159 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2021-07-20
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783030824273
This open access book constitutes revised selected papers from the 4th International Workshop on Brain-Inspired Computing, BrainComp 2019, held in Cetraro, Italy, in July 2019. The 11 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in this book. They deal with research on brain atlasing, multi-scale models and simulation, HPC and data infra-structures for neuroscience as well as artificial and natural neural architectures.
Author : Timothy Jurgensen,Bertrand du Castel,Timothy M. Jurgensen
Publisher : Midori Press LLC
Page : 470 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9780980182118
Computers are complex tools of the human species. To make them work well for us, we have to specify their actions in very great detail. When properly instructed, networks of computers take on the trappings of human social orders derived from the physiological characteristics and capabilities of our species. To create a social order, we engage in grouping mechanisms through which the actions of the individuals within the group are influenced. From a technical perspective, such grouping mechanisms form the trust environments within which we can effect policy. Historically, the most comprehensive such environments have been formed by religions. Within a specific religion, the policy framework is established by a statement of theology. So, if we connect all the dots, when we want to tell our computers how to act in a manner paralleling human social orders, we must define for them a theology. So goes the rationale explored in great detail by the authors of Computer Theology. Based on their combined tenure of almost a century working in the realms of computer systems and their ubiquitous networks, du Castel and Jurgensen have expressed both social and computer systems through the same concepts. The result offers a unique perspective on the interconnection between people and machines that we have come to understand as the World Wide Web.
Author : Jennifer Walinga,Charles Stangor
Publisher : Hasanraza Ansari
Page : 810 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2024-05-05
Category : Body, Mind & Spirit
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
This book is designed to help students organize their thinking about psychology at a conceptual level. The focus on behaviour and empiricism has produced a text that is better organized, has fewer chapters, and is somewhat shorter than many of the leading books. The beginning of each section includes learning objectives; throughout the body of each section are key terms in bold followed by their definitions in italics; key takeaways, and exercises and critical thinking activities end each section.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 850 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 1967
Category : Science
ISBN : CORNELL:31924057185591