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Tree Pollination Under Global Climate Change by Fernando Ramírez,Jose Kallarackal Pdf
This brief reviews the pollination aspects of both wild and domesticated fruit tree species in a global climate change context. It explores cross-pollination mediated by insects, vertebrates and abiotic factors, self-pollination and their global warming implications. The authors identify the link between abiotic factors such as precipitation and severe droughts in the context of tree pollination and climate change. Furthermore, pollination and conservation implications in agriculture as well as wild tree populations are explored. Emphasis has been given to fruit trees growing in tropical, subtropical and temperate environments.
Potential Effects of Climate Change on Crop Pollination by Mariken Kjøhl,Anders Nielsen,Nils Chr Stenseth Pdf
Climate change has the potential to severely impact ecosystem services such as pollination. As with any change, both challenges and opportunities can be expected. Recognizing that the interactions between climate, crops and biodiversity are complex and not always well understood, the Plant Production and Protection Division of FAO has coordinated this review of the potential effects of climate change on crop pollination.
Responses of Fruit Trees to Global Climate Change by Fernando Ramirez,Jose Kallarackal Pdf
Global climate change is expected to produce increased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere, higher temperatures, aberrant precipitation patterns and a host of other climatic changes that would affect all life on this planet. This review article addresses the impact of climate change on fruit trees and the response of the trees to a changing environment. The response of fruit trees to increasing carbon dioxide levels, phenological changes occurring in the trees themselves due to increased temperature and the lower chilling hours especially in the temperate regions, ecophysiological adaptations of the trees to the changing climate, impact of aberrant precipitation, etc. are reviewed. There is very little data on the impact of rising CO2 levels on fruit tree performance or productivity including the temperate region. Based on a large number of observations on the phenology, there is reason to believe that the flowering and fruiting of most species have advanced by quite a few days, but with variations in different crops and on different continents. The chilling hours have also grown shorter in many regions, causing considerable reductions in yield for several species. In the tropics, there is very little work on fruit trees; however, the available data show that precipitation is a major factor regulating their phenology and yield. The ecophysiological adaptations vary from species to species, and there is a need to develop phenological models in order to estimate the impact of climate change on plant development in different regions of the world. More research is also called for to develop adaptation strategies to circumvent the negative impacts of climate change.
The Study of Plants in a Whole New Light “Matt Candeias succeeds in evoking the wonder of plants with wit and wisdom.” ―James T. Costa, PhD, executive director, Highlands Biological Station and author of Darwin's Backyard #1 New Release in Nature & Ecology, Plants, Botany, Horticulture, Trees, Biological Sciences, and Nature Writing & Essays In his debut book, internationally-recognized blogger and podcaster Matt Candeias celebrates the nature of plants and the extraordinary world of plant organisms. A botanist’s defense. Since his early days of plant restoration, this amateur plant scientist has been enchanted with flora and the greater environmental ecology of the planet. Now, he looks at the study of plants through the lens of his ever-growing houseplant collection. Using gardening, houseplants, and examples of plants around you, In Defense of Plants changes your relationship with the world from the comfort of your windowsill. The ruthless, horny, and wonderful nature of plants. Understand how plants evolve and live on Earth with a never-before-seen look into their daily drama. Inside, Candeias explores the incredible ways plants live, fight, have sex, and conquer new territory. Whether a blossoming botanist or a professional plant scientist, In Defense of Plants is for anyone who sees plants as more than just static backdrops to more charismatic life forms. In this easily accessible introduction to the incredible world of plants, you’ll find: • Fantastic botanical histories and plant symbolism • Passionate stories of flora diversity and scientific names of plant organisms • Personal tales of plantsman discovery through the study of plants If you enjoyed books like The Botany of Desire, What a Plant Knows, or The Soul of an Octopus, then you’ll love In Defense of Plants.
Vulnerability of Canada's Tree Species to Climate Change and Management Options for Adaptation by Mark Harvey Johnston Pdf
Canada's forests are home to well over many interactions and feedbacks in the life cycle of a 100 species of trees, of which 93 are commercially tree add to the complexity of climate change effects. [...] This Adaptation to climate change by modifying forest means that Canada is committed to maintaining forests management policies and practices can potentially and ecological processes in order to ensure that the reduce the vulnerability of some tree species to socio-economic and environmental benefits that are climate change. [...] The remainder of this section provides an overview of the major forest ecozones in Canada (Figure 1), the typical climate of these ecozones, and the major tree species that are present in each. [...] In general, tree species cannot rapidly invade provided an approach for determining the vulnerability new areas because of the time required for trees of tree species to climate change based on aspects of to grow to seed-bearing age and then produce and tree genetics2. [...] Landscape-scale effects of climate change and of interest as a means of predicting (in a general way) fire will be addressed in the next phase of the CCFM the effects of future fire regimes on species composi- project.
Latin American Blackberries Biology by Fernando Ramírez Pdf
The current book focuses on Mora de Castilla (Rubus glaucus Benth.). It explores aspects, such as origin, phenology, propagation, floral and fruit morphology, arthropod visitors, pollination mechanisms, propagation methods, chromosome number, fruit development, breeding, morphological diversity, and the impact of climate change. It includes novel data about plant phenology, flowering, insect visitors, seed germination, fruit morphology, and allometric relationships. This work includes an in-depth review of the most recently published information on the topic. Mora de Castilla is an economically important fruit crop from the Andes. It has been crossed with other Rubus species due to its high yield and everbearing habit. Currently, it is an economically important plant. It has been hybridized with other Rubus species producing new and better-quality hybrids This book contains numerous photographs selected by the author to provide the reader with detailed information about the plant ́s morphological features and arthropod visitors.
National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on the Status of Pollinators in North America
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on the Status of Pollinators in North America Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 327 pages File Size : 46,6 Mb Release : 2007-05-13 Category : Technology & Engineering ISBN : 9780309102896
Status of Pollinators in North America by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Board on Life Sciences,Committee on the Status of Pollinators in North America Pdf
Pollinators-insects, birds, bats, and other animals that carry pollen from the male to the female parts of flowers for plant reproduction-are an essential part of natural and agricultural ecosystems throughout North America. For example, most fruit, vegetable, and seed crops and some crops that provide fiber, drugs, and fuel depend on animals for pollination. This report provides evidence for the decline of some pollinator species in North America, including America's most important managed pollinator, the honey bee, as well as some butterflies, bats, and hummingbirds. For most managed and wild pollinator species, however, population trends have not been assessed because populations have not been monitored over time. In addition, for wild species with demonstrated declines, it is often difficult to determine the causes or consequences of their decline. This report outlines priorities for research and monitoring that are needed to improve information on the status of pollinators and establishes a framework for conservation and restoration of pollinator species and communities.
A unique and personal insight into the ecology and evolution of pollinators, their relationships with flowers, and their conservation in a rapidly changing world. The pollination of flowers by insects, birds and other animals is a fundamentally important ecological function that supports both the natural world and human society. Without pollinators to facilitate the sexual reproduction of plants, the world would be a biologically poorer place in which to live, there would be an impact on food security, and human health would suffer. Written by one of the world’s leading pollination ecologists, this book provides an introduction to what pollinators are, how their interactions with flowers have evolved, and the fundamental ecology of these relationships. It explores the pollination of wild and agricultural plants in a variety of habitats and contexts, including urban, rural and agricultural environments. The author also provides practical advice on how individuals and organisations can study, and support, pollinators. As well as covering the natural history of pollinators and flowers, the author discusses their cultural importance, and the ways in which pollinator conservation has been portrayed from a political perspective. The book draws on field work experiences in South America, Africa, Australia, the Canary Islands and the UK. For over 30 years the author has spent his career researching how plants and pollinators evolve relationships, how these interactions function ecologically, their importance for society, and how we can conserve them in a rapidly changing world. This book offers a unique and personal insight into the science of pollinators and pollination, aimed at anyone who is interested in understanding these fascinating and crucial ecological interactions.
The Mediterranean region under climate change by Collectif Pdf
This book has been published by Allenvi (French National Alliance for Environmental Research) to coincide with the 22nd Conference of Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP22) in Marrakesh. It is the outcome of work by academic researchers on both sides of the Mediterranean and provides a remarkable scientific review of the mechanisms of climate change and its impacts on the environment, the economy, health and Mediterranean societies. It will also be valuable in developing responses that draw on “scientific evidence” to address the issues of adaptation, resource conservation, solutions and risk prevention. Reflecting the full complexity of the Mediterranean environment, the book is a major scientific contribution to the climate issue, where various scientific considerations converge to break down the boundaries between disciplines.
Cultivation for Climate Change Resilience by Adel Ahmed Abul-Soad,Jameel M. Al-Khayri Pdf
"Awareness of the adverse impact associated with the global climate change on the future of agriculture, researchers are devoting efforts for finding solutions to mitigate undesired effects based on intelligent predictions and improved utilization of available genetic resources. This book highlights the contemporary knowledge of the impacts of abiotic and biotic stresses inflected by climate changes on the production, horticultural practices and physiological processes of various fruit tree species. Moreover, it describes the adaptation of innovative approaches to mitigate the climatic adverse effects and enhance resilience characteristics of fruit crops. Each chapter addresses one fruit crop and covers available information in relation to the various concepts. General introduction on climatic requirements of a fruit crop. Significant symptoms of climate change impacts on trees and fruit. Crop management under changed climate conditions. Natural adaptation of genetic resources. Mitigation strategies against biotic and abiotic stresses. Remote sensing and environmental certification. Future prospects and literature cited. This book is essential for researchers and students concerned with improving the productivity and quality of fruit crops to achieve sustainable fruit cultivation and conservation of this important nutritional food source for future generations"--
Environmental Education and Ecotourism by Fernando Ramírez,Josefina Santana Pdf
This SpringerBrief focuses on the principles of ecotourism such as relevance of the field, origin, fundamental aspects, definitions, philosophy, implications in biodiversity conservation and environmental impacts. Special emphasis is also given to the interaction between ecotourism and education and it is supported by recent publications from the authors.
This book has a wider approach not strictly focused on crop production compared to other books that are strictly oriented towards bees, but has a generalist approach to pollination biology. It also highlights relationships between introduced and wild pollinators and consequences of such introductions on communities of wild pollinating insects. The chapters on biochemical basis of plant-pollination interaction, pollination energetics, climate change and pollinators and pollinators as bioindicators of ecosystem functioning provide a base for future insights into pollination biology. The role of honeybees and wild bees on crop pollination, value of bee pollination, planned honeybee pollination, non-bee pollinators, safety of pollinators, pollination in cages, pollination for hybrid seed production, the problem of diseases, genetically modified plants and bees, the role of bees in improving food security and livelihoods, capacity building and awareness for pollinators are also discussed.
India: Climate Change Impacts, Mitigation and Adaptation in Developing Countries by Md. Nazrul Islam,André van Amstel Pdf
Climate change will lead to many changes in global development and security especially energy, water, food, society, job, diplomacy, culture, economy and trade. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) defines climate change as: “Any change in climate over time, whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity.” Global climate change has emerged as a key issue in both political and economic arenas. It is an increasingly questioned phenomenon, and progressive national governments around the world have started taking action to respond to these environmental concerns. This book discusses the issue of food and water security in India under the context of climate change. It provides information to scientists and local government to help them better understand the particularities of the local climate. It offers insight into the changes to natural ecosystems which have affected the local Indian population. Climate change is one of the biggest challenges to Indian society. It can lead to serious impacts on production, life and the environment. Higher temperatures and sea level rise can lead to flooding and cause water salinity problems which bring about negative effects on agriculture and high risks to industry and socio-economic systems in the future.
